基于GIS的城市地震次生火灾仿真系统
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摘要
地震次生火灾虽是1种相对罕见的城市灾害,然其巨大的破坏力却逐渐引起广大城市防灾工作者的注意。为了有效防止和抵御地震次生火灾,构建了基于GIS的城市地震次生火灾仿真系统,用于辅助防灾工作者预测和评价城市地震次生火灾的发生、蔓延、扑救和破坏过程。该仿真系统由4个部件构架而成,包括空间数据库、模型库、仿真中心和结果输出。空间数据库组织和收集城市中与地震次生火灾密切相关的空间和非空间数据,为仿真系统提供基础的数据源;模型库是整个仿真系统的核心,包括了地震次生火灾过程中3个关键阶段的模型,即震后起火模型、城市火灾蔓延模型和震后消防扑救模型;仿真中心是仿真系统的运行中心,实现数据和模型之间的集成,并提供完整的仿真方案进行模拟,并以表格、图件和报表的形式输出各种统计结果。这些统计结果可为防灾工作者的防灾决策提供科学的依据。
Although post-earthquake fire is a kind of relatively infrequent urban disaster, its potential destruction has attracted the concerns of urban disaster mitigators. In order to resist this disaster, a GIS-based software system for the simulation of urban post-earthquake fires was built by the authors for assisting mitigators in predicting the occurrence, spread, suppression and destruction of post-earthquake fires. This software system is composed of four main parts, i.e. spatial database, model library, simulation center and outputs. Spatial database provides basic data sources for simulation by collecting and organizing the spatial and no-spatial data closely related with post-earthquake fires. Model library is the core of system storing three models, i.e. ignition model, fire-spread model and fire-suppression model, which correspond to three key steps of post-earthquake fires respectively. As the operation center of system, simulation center integrates data and models to fulfill simulation of post-earthquake fires. After simulation, various statistical results are output from simulation center in form of table, map and report. These results will provide scientific supports for decision-making of disaster mitigation.
Although post-earthquake fire is a kind of relatively infrequent urban disaster, its potential destruction has attracted the concerns of urban disaster mitigators. In order to resist this disaster, a GIS-based software system for the simulation of urban post-earthquake fires was built by the authors for assisting mitigators in predicting the occurrence, spread, suppression and destruction of post-earthquake fires. This software system is composed of four main parts, i.e. spatial database, model library, simulation center and outputs. Spatial database provides basic data sources for simulation by collecting and organizing the spatial and no-spatial data closely related with post-earthquake fires. Model library is the core of system storing three models, i.e. ignition model, fire-spread model and fire-suppression model, which correspond to three key steps of post-earthquake fires respectively. As the operation center of system, simulation center integrates data and models to fulfill simulation of post-earthquake fires. After simulation, various statistical results are output from simulation center in form of table, map and report. These results will provide scientific supports for decision-making of disaster mitigation.
引文
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[2]张宝红,陈宏德.地震火灾事例调查[J].自然灾害学报,1994,3(4):39-48Zhang B H,Chen H D.Investigation on earthquake-induced fire Disasters[J].Journal of Natural Disas-ters,1994,3(4):39-48
[3]刘利民.地震火灾的危害及预防[J].河南消防,1994,(9):30-32Liu L M.Damage and prevention of earthquake-in-duced fire[J].Henan Firefighting,1994,(9):30-32
[4]Charles Scawthorn,John M.Eidinger,Anshel J.Schiff.Fire Following Earthquake[M].American Society of Civil Engineerings,2005
[5]李杰,李国强.地震次生火灾预测模型研究[J].中国地震,1992,1(8):76-82Li J,Li G Q.A Research on the prediction model of earthquake——aroused fire disaster[J].Earthquake Research in China,1992,1(8):76-82
[6]李杰,宋建学.城市火灾危险性分析[J].自然灾害学报,1995,4(2):98-103Li J,Song J X.Hazard analysis of urban fire disaster[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,1995,4(2):98-103
[7]黎子良,郑祖康.生存分析[M].杭州:浙江科学技术出版社,1993Li Z L,Zheng Z K.Survival Analysis[M].Hangzhou:Zhejiang Publishing House of Science and Technology,1993
[8]范维澄,王清安,姜冯辉,等.火灾学简明教程[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1995Fan W C,Wang Q A,Jiang F H,et al.Brief Intro-duction to Fire[M].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China Press,1995
[9]HIMOTO Keisuke,TANAKA Takeyoshi.A physi-cally-based model for urban fire spread[A].First Safety Science-Proceedings of The Seven Interna-tional Symfosium[C].Tokyo,Japan:[s.l.].2002.129-140
[10]李杰,宋建学.地震灾场的模拟与模拟控制问题研究()地震灾场模拟[J].地震工程与工程振动,1996,16(2):48-53Li J,Song J X.Study on the system simulation and simulation-based control for earthquake disaster field,Part1:The simulation of earthquake disaster field[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1996,16(2):48-53
[11]Federal Emergency Management Agency.HAZUS99User′s and technical Manuals[M].Washington,D.C.:National Insitute of Building Sciences,1999
[12]崔守金.火场供水[M].北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,2001Cui S J.Water Supply in Fire[M].Beijing:Chinese People′s Public Security University Press,2001
[13]李杰.生命线工程抗震:基础理论与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005Li J.Seismic Resistant of Lifeline Engineering:The-ory and Application[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005
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