小波分析在结构风工程中的应用
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摘要
小波变换因其在时-频两域都具有表征信号局部特征的能力而成为非平稳信号分析的有力工具,在土木工程的各个领域得到了广泛应用。简要介绍了小波变换的基本原理,系统总结了近年来小波分析在结构风工程中的风荷载模拟、风场特性研究、风与风压的相互关系以及模态参数识别中的国内外现状,并对小波变换在结构风工程中的应用前景进行了展望。
Wavelet transformation has been widely used in civil engineering since it can provide insight into features of transient signals through time-frequency maps of a time-varying spectral decomposition that traditional approaches based on Fourier transformation miss. Here, the basic principles of wavelet transformation are introduced firstly, and then, the current status of wavelet analysis in both domestic and abroad structural wind engineering is presented with some demonstrations, including wind load simulation, wind field analysis, relation between turbulence scales in atmospheric wind and its surface pressure on a building, and structural modal parameter identification. Finally, the perspective of wavelet analysis in structural wind engineering is presented based on the above analyses and discussions.
Wavelet transformation has been widely used in civil engineering since it can provide insight into features of transient signals through time-frequency maps of a time-varying spectral decomposition that traditional approaches based on Fourier transformation miss. Here, the basic principles of wavelet transformation are introduced firstly, and then, the current status of wavelet analysis in both domestic and abroad structural wind engineering is presented with some demonstrations, including wind load simulation, wind field analysis, relation between turbulence scales in atmospheric wind and its surface pressure on a building, and structural modal parameter identification. Finally, the perspective of wavelet analysis in structural wind engineering is presented based on the above analyses and discussions.
引文
[1]项海帆.大跨高耸柔性结构的风致振动[J].振动与冲击,1997,16(4):1—5.
[2]Grossmann A,Morlet J.Decomposition of Hardy functions intosquare integrable wavelets of constant shape[J].Journal ofMathematical Analysis.1984,15(4):723—736.
[3]李宏男,孙鸿敏.小波分析在土木工程中的应用[J].世界地震工程,2003,19(2):16—22.
[4]Gurley K,Kareem A.Application of wavelet transforms inearthquake,wind and ocean engineering[J].EngineeringStructures.1999,21:149—167.
[5]Chui C K.Wavelet analysis and applications:An introductionto wavelet[M].San Diego:Academic Press,1992.
[6]舒新玲,周岱,王泳芳.风荷载测试与模拟技术的回顾与展望[J].振动与冲击,2002,21(3):6—10.
[7]吴筑海,周岱,符旭晨,等.大跨结构风模拟及其小波分析[J].振动与冲击,2004,23(4):34—39.
[8]刘锡良,周颖.风荷载的几种模拟方法[J].工业建筑,2005,35(4):81—84.
[9]Bienkiewicz B.New tools in wind engineering[J].Journal ofWind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1996,65:279—300.
[10]Yamada M,Ohkitani K.Orthonormal wavelet analysis of tur-bulence[J].Fluid Dynamics Research,1991,8:101—115.
[11]Gurley K,Tognarelli MA,Kareem A.Analysis and SimulationTools for Wind Engineering[J].Probabilistic Engineering Me-chanics,1997,12(1):9—31.
[12]Kitagawa T,Nomura T.A wavelet-based method to generateartificial wind fluctuation data[J].Journal of Wind Engineer-ing and Industrial Aerodynamics,2003,91:943—964.
[13]She Z S,Leveque E.Uinversal scaling laws in fully developedturbulence[J].Physical review letters,1994,72(3):336—339.
[14]李立,廖锦翔,李亮.拟和带间歇性的人工风速序列[J].空气动力学学报,2004,22(3):365—370.
[15]陈艾荣,王毅.基于小波方法的随机脉动风模拟[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2004,33(4):427—431.
[16]Zeldin B A,Spanos P D.Random field representation andsynthesis using wavelet basis[J].Journal of Applied Mechan-ics,1996,63(12):946—952.
[17]Aksoy H,Toprak Z F,Aytek A,et al.Stochastic generation ofhourly mean wind speed data[J].Renewable energy,2004,29:2111—2131.
[18]项海帆.结构风工程研究的现状和展望[J].振动工程学报,1997,10(3):258—263.
[19]Dunyak J,Gilliam X N,Peterson R,et al.Coherent gust detec-tion by wavelet transform[J].Journal of Wind Engineeringand Industrial Aerodynamics,1998,77-78:467—478.
[20]Gilliam X N,Dunyak J,Doggett A,et al.Coherent structuredetection using wavelet analysis in long time-series[J].Jour-nal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2000,88:183—195.
[21]Farge M,Schneider N,Kevlahan.Non-gaussianity and coher-ent vortex simulation for two dimensional turbulence using anorthonormal wavelet basis[J].Physics of Fluids,1999,11:2187—2201.
[22]Pettit C L,Jones N P,Ghanem R.Detection and simulation ofroof-corner pressure transients[J].Journal of Wind Engineer-ing and Industrial Aerodynamics,2002,90:171—200.
[23]Chen L,Letchford C W.Proper orthogonal decomposition oftwo vertical profiles of full-scale nonstationary downburst windspeeds[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aero-dynamics,2005,93:187—216.
[24]张相庭.工程结构风荷载理论和抗风计算手册[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1990.
[25]Porterfield M L,Jones N P,Ghanem R.Issues in the Analysisof Full-Scale Wind and Structure Data[C].Proceeding 14thASCE Engineering Mechanics Conference,Austin,TX,2000.
[26]Kawai H.Pressure fluctuations on square prisms:applicationof strip and quasi-steady theories[J].Journal of Wind Engi-neering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1983,13:197—208.
[27]Hajj M R,Janajreh I M,Tieleman H W,et al.On frequencydomain analysis of the relation between incident turbulenceand fluctuating pressures[J].Journal of Wind Engineeringand Industrial Aerodynamics,1996,69-71:539—545.
[28]Bienkiewicz B,Ham H J,Tieleman H W.Wavelet study ofapproach-wind velocity and building pressure[J].Journal ofWind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1997,69-71:671—683.
[29]Jordan D A,Hajj MR,Tieleman HW.Wavelet analysis of therelation between atmospheric wind and pressure fluctuationson a low-rise building[J].Journal of Wind Engineering andIndustrial Aerodynamics,1997,69-71:647—655.
[30]Hajj MR,Jordan D A,Tieleman HW.Analysis of atmospher-ic wind and pressures on a low-rise building[J].Journal ofFluids and Structures,1998,12:537—547.
[31]Geurts C P W,Hajj MR,Tieleman HW.Continuous wavelettransform of wind and wind-induced pressures on a building insuburban terrain[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Indus-trial Aerodynamics,1998,74-76:609—617.
[32]Gurley K,Kijewski T,Kareem A.First-and higher-order corre-lation detection using wavelet transforms[J].Journal of Engi-neering Mechanics,ASCE,2003,129(2):188—201.
[33]Liu P C.Wavelet spectrum analysis and ocean wind waves inFoufoula-Georfiou E.and P.Kumar,eds[J].Wavelet in Geo-physics,1994:151—166.
[34]Torrence C,Compo G.A practical guide to wavelet analysis[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1998,79(1):61—78.
[35]Torrence C,Webster P.Interdecadal changees in the ESNO-Monsoon system[J].Journal of Climate,1999,12(8):2679—2690.
[36]Gurley K,Kareem A.Analysis interpretation modeling andsimulation of unsteady wind and pressure data[J].Journal ofWind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1997,69-71:657—669.
[37]Powers E J,Park S I,Mehta S,et al.Higher-order statisticsand extreme waves[C].IEEE Signal Processing Workshop onHigher Order Statistics,Alberta,Canada,1997,98—102.
[38]Tamura Y.Damping in building in Japan[C].Proceeding ofStructural Engineering World Congress,San Francisco,1998,7,CD-ROM T193-2.
[39]Kijewski T,Kareem A.Wavelet transforms for system identifi-cation in civil engineering[J].Computer-Aided civil and in-frastructure engineering,2003,18:339—355.
[40]Staszewski W J.Identification of damping in MDOF systems u-sing time-scale decomposition[J].Journal of Sound and Vi-bration,1997,203(2):283—305.
[41]Staszewski W J.Identification of non-linear systems usingmulti-scale ridges and skeletons of the wavelet transform[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1998,214(4):639—658.
[42]Meyers S D,Kelly B G,Brien J J.An introduction to waveletanalysis in oceanography and meteorology:with application tothe dispersion of Yanai waves[J].Monthly Weather Review,1993,121:2858—2866.
[43]Kijewski T,Kareem A.On the presence of end effects andtheir melioration in wavelet-based analysis[J].Journal ofSound and Vibration,2002,256(5):980—988.
[44]Miha B,Janko S.Enhancements to the continuous wavelettransform for damping identifications on short signals[J].Me-chanical Systems and Signal Processing,2004,(18):1065—1076.
[45]李宏男等著.结构健康监测[M].大连:大连理工大学出版社,2004.
[46]Kareem A,Kijewski T.Time-frequency analysis of wind effectson structures[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and IndustrialAerodynamics,2002,90:1435—1452.
[47]Meo M,Zumpano G,Meng X L,et al.Measurements of dy-namic properties of a medium span suspension bridge by usingthe wavelet transform[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Pro-cessing,2004,1:22.
[2]Grossmann A,Morlet J.Decomposition of Hardy functions intosquare integrable wavelets of constant shape[J].Journal ofMathematical Analysis.1984,15(4):723—736.
[3]李宏男,孙鸿敏.小波分析在土木工程中的应用[J].世界地震工程,2003,19(2):16—22.
[4]Gurley K,Kareem A.Application of wavelet transforms inearthquake,wind and ocean engineering[J].EngineeringStructures.1999,21:149—167.
[5]Chui C K.Wavelet analysis and applications:An introductionto wavelet[M].San Diego:Academic Press,1992.
[6]舒新玲,周岱,王泳芳.风荷载测试与模拟技术的回顾与展望[J].振动与冲击,2002,21(3):6—10.
[7]吴筑海,周岱,符旭晨,等.大跨结构风模拟及其小波分析[J].振动与冲击,2004,23(4):34—39.
[8]刘锡良,周颖.风荷载的几种模拟方法[J].工业建筑,2005,35(4):81—84.
[9]Bienkiewicz B.New tools in wind engineering[J].Journal ofWind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1996,65:279—300.
[10]Yamada M,Ohkitani K.Orthonormal wavelet analysis of tur-bulence[J].Fluid Dynamics Research,1991,8:101—115.
[11]Gurley K,Tognarelli MA,Kareem A.Analysis and SimulationTools for Wind Engineering[J].Probabilistic Engineering Me-chanics,1997,12(1):9—31.
[12]Kitagawa T,Nomura T.A wavelet-based method to generateartificial wind fluctuation data[J].Journal of Wind Engineer-ing and Industrial Aerodynamics,2003,91:943—964.
[13]She Z S,Leveque E.Uinversal scaling laws in fully developedturbulence[J].Physical review letters,1994,72(3):336—339.
[14]李立,廖锦翔,李亮.拟和带间歇性的人工风速序列[J].空气动力学学报,2004,22(3):365—370.
[15]陈艾荣,王毅.基于小波方法的随机脉动风模拟[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2004,33(4):427—431.
[16]Zeldin B A,Spanos P D.Random field representation andsynthesis using wavelet basis[J].Journal of Applied Mechan-ics,1996,63(12):946—952.
[17]Aksoy H,Toprak Z F,Aytek A,et al.Stochastic generation ofhourly mean wind speed data[J].Renewable energy,2004,29:2111—2131.
[18]项海帆.结构风工程研究的现状和展望[J].振动工程学报,1997,10(3):258—263.
[19]Dunyak J,Gilliam X N,Peterson R,et al.Coherent gust detec-tion by wavelet transform[J].Journal of Wind Engineeringand Industrial Aerodynamics,1998,77-78:467—478.
[20]Gilliam X N,Dunyak J,Doggett A,et al.Coherent structuredetection using wavelet analysis in long time-series[J].Jour-nal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2000,88:183—195.
[21]Farge M,Schneider N,Kevlahan.Non-gaussianity and coher-ent vortex simulation for two dimensional turbulence using anorthonormal wavelet basis[J].Physics of Fluids,1999,11:2187—2201.
[22]Pettit C L,Jones N P,Ghanem R.Detection and simulation ofroof-corner pressure transients[J].Journal of Wind Engineer-ing and Industrial Aerodynamics,2002,90:171—200.
[23]Chen L,Letchford C W.Proper orthogonal decomposition oftwo vertical profiles of full-scale nonstationary downburst windspeeds[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aero-dynamics,2005,93:187—216.
[24]张相庭.工程结构风荷载理论和抗风计算手册[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1990.
[25]Porterfield M L,Jones N P,Ghanem R.Issues in the Analysisof Full-Scale Wind and Structure Data[C].Proceeding 14thASCE Engineering Mechanics Conference,Austin,TX,2000.
[26]Kawai H.Pressure fluctuations on square prisms:applicationof strip and quasi-steady theories[J].Journal of Wind Engi-neering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1983,13:197—208.
[27]Hajj M R,Janajreh I M,Tieleman H W,et al.On frequencydomain analysis of the relation between incident turbulenceand fluctuating pressures[J].Journal of Wind Engineeringand Industrial Aerodynamics,1996,69-71:539—545.
[28]Bienkiewicz B,Ham H J,Tieleman H W.Wavelet study ofapproach-wind velocity and building pressure[J].Journal ofWind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1997,69-71:671—683.
[29]Jordan D A,Hajj MR,Tieleman HW.Wavelet analysis of therelation between atmospheric wind and pressure fluctuationson a low-rise building[J].Journal of Wind Engineering andIndustrial Aerodynamics,1997,69-71:647—655.
[30]Hajj MR,Jordan D A,Tieleman HW.Analysis of atmospher-ic wind and pressures on a low-rise building[J].Journal ofFluids and Structures,1998,12:537—547.
[31]Geurts C P W,Hajj MR,Tieleman HW.Continuous wavelettransform of wind and wind-induced pressures on a building insuburban terrain[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Indus-trial Aerodynamics,1998,74-76:609—617.
[32]Gurley K,Kijewski T,Kareem A.First-and higher-order corre-lation detection using wavelet transforms[J].Journal of Engi-neering Mechanics,ASCE,2003,129(2):188—201.
[33]Liu P C.Wavelet spectrum analysis and ocean wind waves inFoufoula-Georfiou E.and P.Kumar,eds[J].Wavelet in Geo-physics,1994:151—166.
[34]Torrence C,Compo G.A practical guide to wavelet analysis[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1998,79(1):61—78.
[35]Torrence C,Webster P.Interdecadal changees in the ESNO-Monsoon system[J].Journal of Climate,1999,12(8):2679—2690.
[36]Gurley K,Kareem A.Analysis interpretation modeling andsimulation of unsteady wind and pressure data[J].Journal ofWind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1997,69-71:657—669.
[37]Powers E J,Park S I,Mehta S,et al.Higher-order statisticsand extreme waves[C].IEEE Signal Processing Workshop onHigher Order Statistics,Alberta,Canada,1997,98—102.
[38]Tamura Y.Damping in building in Japan[C].Proceeding ofStructural Engineering World Congress,San Francisco,1998,7,CD-ROM T193-2.
[39]Kijewski T,Kareem A.Wavelet transforms for system identifi-cation in civil engineering[J].Computer-Aided civil and in-frastructure engineering,2003,18:339—355.
[40]Staszewski W J.Identification of damping in MDOF systems u-sing time-scale decomposition[J].Journal of Sound and Vi-bration,1997,203(2):283—305.
[41]Staszewski W J.Identification of non-linear systems usingmulti-scale ridges and skeletons of the wavelet transform[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1998,214(4):639—658.
[42]Meyers S D,Kelly B G,Brien J J.An introduction to waveletanalysis in oceanography and meteorology:with application tothe dispersion of Yanai waves[J].Monthly Weather Review,1993,121:2858—2866.
[43]Kijewski T,Kareem A.On the presence of end effects andtheir melioration in wavelet-based analysis[J].Journal ofSound and Vibration,2002,256(5):980—988.
[44]Miha B,Janko S.Enhancements to the continuous wavelettransform for damping identifications on short signals[J].Me-chanical Systems and Signal Processing,2004,(18):1065—1076.
[45]李宏男等著.结构健康监测[M].大连:大连理工大学出版社,2004.
[46]Kareem A,Kijewski T.Time-frequency analysis of wind effectson structures[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and IndustrialAerodynamics,2002,90:1435—1452.
[47]Meo M,Zumpano G,Meng X L,et al.Measurements of dy-namic properties of a medium span suspension bridge by usingthe wavelet transform[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Pro-cessing,2004,1:22.
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