南水北调西线千米深长隧洞围岩构造地球物理勘探
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摘要
2004年对南水北调引水隧洞西线一期工程中玛柯河-贾曲段20 km深埋长隧洞进行了地质结构面、岩性特征、赋水性等地球物理勘探、工程地质勘查,并进行综合解释以查清勘探区影响引水隧洞工程建设的不良地质体和不良地质构造.本文介绍了CSAMT法隧洞勘探的特点、资料采集的过程及应特别注意的复杂地形资料处理技术,结合其他补充物探手段及地面工程地质勘察结果对20 km深埋长隧洞围岩介质的结构特征进行了解释,指出了可能影响工程的断层、破碎带及异常区.
It is very important to explore for the weak geologic bodies and structures that may affect the tunnel safeness.We carried out geophysical and engineering geological exploration and integral interpretation to detect the geological structure,rock properties and water bearing characteristics in 2004 for the 20 km long deep tunnel between Make River and Jiaqu River on the west route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project.The paper presents the advantages of CSAMT tunnel exploration,data collection procedure and the data processing techniques for rough topography and complex media.According to the geophysical and engineering geological exploration results,the paper explains the geological structure characteristics of the 20 km tunnel media and indicates the faults,fractures and some anomalies that may cause danger for the tunnel construction.
It is very important to explore for the weak geologic bodies and structures that may affect the tunnel safeness.We carried out geophysical and engineering geological exploration and integral interpretation to detect the geological structure,rock properties and water bearing characteristics in 2004 for the 20 km long deep tunnel between Make River and Jiaqu River on the west route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project.The paper presents the advantages of CSAMT tunnel exploration,data collection procedure and the data processing techniques for rough topography and complex media.According to the geophysical and engineering geological exploration results,the paper explains the geological structure characteristics of the 20 km tunnel media and indicates the faults,fractures and some anomalies that may cause danger for the tunnel construction.
引文
[1]Di Q Y,Wang M Y,Shi K F,et al.CSAMT research survey forpreventing water-bursting disaster in mining.In:Proceedings of the106th SEGJ Conference,The Society of Exploration Geophysicists ofJapan,Tokyo,2002
[2]Zonge K L,Ostrander A G,Emer D F.Controlled-sourceaudiofrequency magnetotelluric measurements.In:Vozoff K ed.Magnetotelluric Methods.Soc.Expl.Geophys.Geophysics ReprintSeries 5,1986,749~763
[3]Basokur A T,Rasmussen T M,Kaya C,et al.Comparison ofinduced-polarisation and controlled-source audio-magnctotelluricsmethods for massive chalcopyrite exploration in a volcanic area.Geophysics,1997,62(6):1087~1096
[4]Sandberg S K,Hohmann G W.Controlled-source audio-magnetotellurics in geothermal exploration.Geophysics,1982,47(1):100~116
[5]底青云,王妙月,石昆法等.高分辩V6系统在矿山顶板涌水隐患中的应用研究.地球物理学报,2002,45(5):1~5Di Q Y,Wang M Y,Shi K F,et al.CSAMT research survey forpreventing water flooding in mining.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2002,45(5):1~5
[6]吴璐萍,石昆法.可控源音频大地电磁法在地下水勘查中的应用研究.地球物理学报,1996,39(5):712~717Wu L P,Shi K F.Applied study of CSAMT method on ground waterexploration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1996,39(5):712~717
[7]Wannamaker P E.Tensor CSAMT survey over the Sulphur Springsthermal area,Valles Caldera,New Mexico,U.S.A.,PartⅠ:Implications for structure of the western equations.Geophysics,1997,62(4):451~465
[8]Batrel L C,Jacobson R D.Results of a controlled-sourceaudiofrequency magnetotelluric survey at the Puhimau thermal area,Kilauea Volcano,Hawaii.Geophysics,1987,52(4):665~677
[9]Boerner D E,Wright J A,Thurlow J G,et al.Tensor CSAMTstudies at the Buchans Mine in central Newfoundland.Geophysics,1993,58(1):12~19
[10]Zonge K L,Hughes L J.Controlled source audio-frequencymagnetotellurics.In:Nabighian M N ed.Electromagnetic Methods inApplied Geophysics.Tulsa:Soc.Expl.Geophys.,1991.2(B),713~809
[11]刘国栋.我国大地电磁测深的发展.地球物理学报,1994,37(Suppl.):301~310Liu G D.The development of MT in China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1994,37(Suppl.):301~310
[12]张赛珍,王庆乙,罗延钟.中国电法勘探发展概况.地球物理学报,1994,37(Suppl.):425~428Zhang S Z,Wang Q Y,Luo Y Z.The development introduction ofelectric exploration in China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1994,37(Suppl.):425~428
[13]何继善.电法勘探的发展和展望.地球物理学报,1997,40(Suppl.):308~316He J S.The development and prospecting of electric method.ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),1997,40(Suppl.):308~316
[14]石昆法.可控源音频大地电磁法理论与应用.北京:科学出版社,1999Shi K F.The Theory and Applications of Control Source AudioFrequency Magnetotellurics Method.Beijing:Science Press,1999
[15]何继善.可控源音频大地电磁.长沙:中国工业大学出版社,1990He J S.Control Source Audio Frequency Magnetotellurics Method.Changsha:Chinese Industry University Press,1990
[16]Yamashita M,Hallof P G.CSAMT case histories with a multi-channel CSAMT system and discussion of near-field data correction.Phoenix Geophys.,Ltd,1985
[17]MacInner S C.Lateral effects in controlled sourceaudiomagnetotellurics[Ph.D.thesis].Tucson:Univ.of Arizona,1987
[18]徐世浙,赵生凯.地形对大地电磁勘探的影响.西北地震学报,1985,7(4):422~427Xu S Z,Zhao S K.Tomographic effect in MT exploration.Seismology Journal ofNorthwest(in Chinese),1985,7(4):422~427
[19]Jiracek G R.Near surface and topographic distortions in topographicinduction.Survey in Geophysics,1990,11(1):163~203
[20]Takeshhi K.The topographic effect in resistivity prospecting.Geophysical Exploration(Butsuri-Tansa),1953,6(1):51~54
[21]David E B,Ron D K,Alan G J.Orthogonality in CSAMT and MTmeasurements.Geophysics,58(7):924~934
[22]Jimmy S,Gokarn S G,Manoj C,et al.Effects of galvanic distortionson magnetotelluric data:Interpretation and its correction using deepelectrical data.Earth Planet.Sci.,112(1):27~36
[23]Sasaki Y,Yoshihiro Y,Matsuo K.Resistivity imaging of controlled-source audio frequency magnetotelluric dada.Geophysics,1992,57(3):952~955
[24]Routh P S,Oldenburg D W.Inversion of controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric data for a horizontally layered earth.66thAnn.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1996.257~260
[25]Lu X,Unsworth M,Booker J.Rapid relaxation inversion of CSAMTdata.Geophys.J.Int.,1999,138(1):381~392
[26]Eugene A B,Mark E E,Gregory A N,et al.Finite-element analysisof controlled-source electromagnetic induction using Coulomb-gaugedpotentials.Geophysics,2001,66(3):786~799
[2]Zonge K L,Ostrander A G,Emer D F.Controlled-sourceaudiofrequency magnetotelluric measurements.In:Vozoff K ed.Magnetotelluric Methods.Soc.Expl.Geophys.Geophysics ReprintSeries 5,1986,749~763
[3]Basokur A T,Rasmussen T M,Kaya C,et al.Comparison ofinduced-polarisation and controlled-source audio-magnctotelluricsmethods for massive chalcopyrite exploration in a volcanic area.Geophysics,1997,62(6):1087~1096
[4]Sandberg S K,Hohmann G W.Controlled-source audio-magnetotellurics in geothermal exploration.Geophysics,1982,47(1):100~116
[5]底青云,王妙月,石昆法等.高分辩V6系统在矿山顶板涌水隐患中的应用研究.地球物理学报,2002,45(5):1~5Di Q Y,Wang M Y,Shi K F,et al.CSAMT research survey forpreventing water flooding in mining.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2002,45(5):1~5
[6]吴璐萍,石昆法.可控源音频大地电磁法在地下水勘查中的应用研究.地球物理学报,1996,39(5):712~717Wu L P,Shi K F.Applied study of CSAMT method on ground waterexploration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1996,39(5):712~717
[7]Wannamaker P E.Tensor CSAMT survey over the Sulphur Springsthermal area,Valles Caldera,New Mexico,U.S.A.,PartⅠ:Implications for structure of the western equations.Geophysics,1997,62(4):451~465
[8]Batrel L C,Jacobson R D.Results of a controlled-sourceaudiofrequency magnetotelluric survey at the Puhimau thermal area,Kilauea Volcano,Hawaii.Geophysics,1987,52(4):665~677
[9]Boerner D E,Wright J A,Thurlow J G,et al.Tensor CSAMTstudies at the Buchans Mine in central Newfoundland.Geophysics,1993,58(1):12~19
[10]Zonge K L,Hughes L J.Controlled source audio-frequencymagnetotellurics.In:Nabighian M N ed.Electromagnetic Methods inApplied Geophysics.Tulsa:Soc.Expl.Geophys.,1991.2(B),713~809
[11]刘国栋.我国大地电磁测深的发展.地球物理学报,1994,37(Suppl.):301~310Liu G D.The development of MT in China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1994,37(Suppl.):301~310
[12]张赛珍,王庆乙,罗延钟.中国电法勘探发展概况.地球物理学报,1994,37(Suppl.):425~428Zhang S Z,Wang Q Y,Luo Y Z.The development introduction ofelectric exploration in China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1994,37(Suppl.):425~428
[13]何继善.电法勘探的发展和展望.地球物理学报,1997,40(Suppl.):308~316He J S.The development and prospecting of electric method.ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),1997,40(Suppl.):308~316
[14]石昆法.可控源音频大地电磁法理论与应用.北京:科学出版社,1999Shi K F.The Theory and Applications of Control Source AudioFrequency Magnetotellurics Method.Beijing:Science Press,1999
[15]何继善.可控源音频大地电磁.长沙:中国工业大学出版社,1990He J S.Control Source Audio Frequency Magnetotellurics Method.Changsha:Chinese Industry University Press,1990
[16]Yamashita M,Hallof P G.CSAMT case histories with a multi-channel CSAMT system and discussion of near-field data correction.Phoenix Geophys.,Ltd,1985
[17]MacInner S C.Lateral effects in controlled sourceaudiomagnetotellurics[Ph.D.thesis].Tucson:Univ.of Arizona,1987
[18]徐世浙,赵生凯.地形对大地电磁勘探的影响.西北地震学报,1985,7(4):422~427Xu S Z,Zhao S K.Tomographic effect in MT exploration.Seismology Journal ofNorthwest(in Chinese),1985,7(4):422~427
[19]Jiracek G R.Near surface and topographic distortions in topographicinduction.Survey in Geophysics,1990,11(1):163~203
[20]Takeshhi K.The topographic effect in resistivity prospecting.Geophysical Exploration(Butsuri-Tansa),1953,6(1):51~54
[21]David E B,Ron D K,Alan G J.Orthogonality in CSAMT and MTmeasurements.Geophysics,58(7):924~934
[22]Jimmy S,Gokarn S G,Manoj C,et al.Effects of galvanic distortionson magnetotelluric data:Interpretation and its correction using deepelectrical data.Earth Planet.Sci.,112(1):27~36
[23]Sasaki Y,Yoshihiro Y,Matsuo K.Resistivity imaging of controlled-source audio frequency magnetotelluric dada.Geophysics,1992,57(3):952~955
[24]Routh P S,Oldenburg D W.Inversion of controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric data for a horizontally layered earth.66thAnn.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1996.257~260
[25]Lu X,Unsworth M,Booker J.Rapid relaxation inversion of CSAMTdata.Geophys.J.Int.,1999,138(1):381~392
[26]Eugene A B,Mark E E,Gregory A N,et al.Finite-element analysisof controlled-source electromagnetic induction using Coulomb-gaugedpotentials.Geophysics,2001,66(3):786~799
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