地下洞穴对表面波表观相速度影响的数值分析
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摘要
通过有限元数值模拟,得到了含洞穴固体介质在动荷载下表面质点的速度响应。根据表面质点响应中瑞利波和反射体波能量分配分析表观相速度扰动机制,讨论振源、测点、洞穴三者相对位置及频率对表面波表观相速度影响。表观相速度扰动程度随频率减小而增加,直至出现大扰动。大扰动峰值频率与反射波基频有关,基频随振源、测点及洞穴间相对位置变化。最后讨论由大扰动峰值波长与洞穴埋深关系,并给出洞穴埋深估算方法。
The surface particle velocity responses of a solid medium with a cavity under dynamic loads are numerically obtained by the finite element method.Mechanism of disturbance of apparent phase velocity is analyzed from distribution of energies of Rayleigh waves and the reflected body waves in the responses.Influences of frequency and relative distances among the source,receivers and cavity on apparent phase velocity of surface waves are discussed.Disturbance degree of the apparent phase velocity increases with decrease of frequency until a maximum one occurs.The frequency corresponding to the maximum disturbance is related to fundamental frequency of the reflected body waves.The fundamental frequency is varied with relative distances among the sourcet,he receivers and cavity.The relationship between the depth of cavity below the surface and the wavelength corresponding to the maximum disturbance is discussed.The empirical method is suggested for the estimation of the depth of cavity.
The surface particle velocity responses of a solid medium with a cavity under dynamic loads are numerically obtained by the finite element method.Mechanism of disturbance of apparent phase velocity is analyzed from distribution of energies of Rayleigh waves and the reflected body waves in the responses.Influences of frequency and relative distances among the source,receivers and cavity on apparent phase velocity of surface waves are discussed.Disturbance degree of the apparent phase velocity increases with decrease of frequency until a maximum one occurs.The frequency corresponding to the maximum disturbance is related to fundamental frequency of the reflected body waves.The fundamental frequency is varied with relative distances among the sourcet,he receivers and cavity.The relationship between the depth of cavity below the surface and the wavelength corresponding to the maximum disturbance is discussed.The empirical method is suggested for the estimation of the depth of cavity.
引文
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[2]夏宇靖.稳态瑞利波实测洞穴D-VR曲线的类型[J].煤田地质与勘探,1996,24(1):50–55.(Xia Yujing.Types of D-VR curves obtained by steady Rayleigh wave testing[J].Coal Geology and Exploration,1996,24(1):50–55.(in Chinese))
[3]Gucunski N,Ganji V,Maher M H.Effects of obstacles on Rayleigh wave dispersion obtained from the SASW test[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,1996,15:223–231.
[4]Ganji V,Gucunski N,Maher A.Detection of underground obstacles by SASW method—numerical aspects[J].Journal of Geotechnique and Geoenvironmental Engineering,1997,123(3):212–220.
[5]Wolf J P.Dynamic Soil-structure Interaction[M].Englewood Cliffs,New Jersey:Prentic-Hall,Inc.,1985.
[6]伊文W M,贾戴茨基W S,普瑞斯F.层状介质中的弹性波[M].刘光鼎译.北京:科学出版社,1966.(Ewing W M,Jardetzky W S,Press F.Elastic Waves in Layered Media[M].Translated by Liu Guangding.Beijing:Science Press,1966.(in Chinese))
[7]柴华友.表面波有效相速度分析方法研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2004.(Chai Huayou.Studies on effective phase velocity of surface waves[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Graduate University,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2004.(in Chinese))
[8]Foinquinos R,Ro?sset J M.Elastic layered half-space subjected to dynamic surface loads[A].In:Kausel E ed.Wave Motion in Earthquake Engineering[C].Southampton,UK:WIT Press,2001.141–192.
[9]柴华友,卢应发,刘明贵,等.表面波谱分析影响因素研究[J].岩土力学,2004,23(3):347–353.(Chai Huayou,Lu Yingfa,Liu Minggui,et al.Influences of measuring factors on surface wave testing[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,23(3):347–353.(in Chinese))
[10]冯德益.地震波理论与应用[M].北京:地震出版社,1988.(Feng Deyi.Theory of Seismic Waves and Its Application[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1988.(in Chinese))
[11]Bruttomesso D A,Jacobs L J,Fiedler C.Experimental and numerical investigation of the interaction of Rayleigh surface waves with corners[J].Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation,1997,16(1):21–30.
[12]Hévin G,Abraham O,Pedersen H A,et al.Characterisation of surface cracks with Rayleigh waves:a numerical model[J].NDT and International,1998,31(4):289–297.
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