基于二维粘滞性波动方程的地震波衰减理论研究
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摘要
地震波在传播过程中的能量衰减特征一直是地球物理学研究的重点和难点,它直接和地层的岩性、粘滞性、内摩擦密切相关。由于地层的含流体,粘滞性和内摩擦都相对较大,使得地震波的衰减变得明显。如何才能合理地模拟出地震波在岩石中传播时其能量的衰减关系,如何有效地运用地震属性因子较准确地预测复杂地层的含流体油气特性,是本文研究的重点。品质因子可以表征地层中岩石的相关特性,但却不能从岩石的物性上解释地震波传播过程中的频率衰减情况。在基于常规波动方程正演理论的基础上,添加了弥散~粘滞性特征,从岩石的内摩擦和粘滞系数上模拟地震波的能量衰减变化特征,分析由于含流体地层的吸收衰减现象,有利于在实际处理中的应用。
It is the difficult and emphases point of the geophysics that the characters of the energy attenuation when the seismic promulgates in the strata,which are of the close relationship with the lithology and the liquid.Because of the higher viscous and diffusive in the bed which flushed with the liquid,the attenuation of the seismic energy gets very clear.How to reasonably simulate the attenuation of the seismic energy which promulgates in the strata,and how to efficiently use the seismic attribute to exactly forecast the characters of the intricate stratum with fluid,that all are the emphasis of the paper.Although Quality factor can show the properties of rocks in the bed,it can not radically interpret the attenuation of the signal frequency energy.The paper simulates change character of the signal frequency energy which aroused by the viscosity and diffusivity of the rocks and interpret the principle of the low-frequency shadow which caused by the absorbing and the attenuation.And finally an real case processing is given to illustrate the effeciency of the method.
It is the difficult and emphases point of the geophysics that the characters of the energy attenuation when the seismic promulgates in the strata,which are of the close relationship with the lithology and the liquid.Because of the higher viscous and diffusive in the bed which flushed with the liquid,the attenuation of the seismic energy gets very clear.How to reasonably simulate the attenuation of the seismic energy which promulgates in the strata,and how to efficiently use the seismic attribute to exactly forecast the characters of the intricate stratum with fluid,that all are the emphasis of the paper.Although Quality factor can show the properties of rocks in the bed,it can not radically interpret the attenuation of the signal frequency energy.The paper simulates change character of the signal frequency energy which aroused by the viscosity and diffusivity of the rocks and interpret the principle of the low-frequency shadow which caused by the absorbing and the attenuation.And finally an real case processing is given to illustrate the effeciency of the method.
引文
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[11]姚振兴,高星,李维新.用于深度域地震剖面衰减与频散补偿的反Q滤波方法[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(2):229.
[12]杜启振,杨慧珠.线性黏弹性各向异性介质速度频散和衰减特征研究[J].物理学报,2002,51(9):2101.
[13]杜正聪,贺振华,黄德济,等.基于弹性方程与声学方程的裂缝模型正演与偏移[J].物探化探计算技术,2005,27(1):1.
[14]赵宪生,梁桂蓉,罗运先.正Q模拟与反Q滤波层位标定[J].物探化探计算技术,2001,23(1):11.
[15]桂志先,贺振华,黄德济.两种类型裂隙介质的弹性参数分析[J].物探化探计算技术,2000,22(2):117.
[2]RAHUL DASGUPTA,ROGER A.Clark et al.Estima-tion of Q from surface seismic reflection data[J].Geo-physics.1995,63(6):2120.
[3]CHANGJUN ZHANG,TADEUSZ J ULRYCH,et al.Es-timation of quality factors from CMP records[J].Geo-physics.1999,67(5):1542.
[4]VALERI A KORNEEV,GENNADY M GOLOSHUBIN,THOMAS M DALEY,et al.silin.2004,Seismic low-frequency effects in monitoring fluid-saturated reser-voirs[J].Geophysics.2002,69(2):522.
[5]GENNADY GOLOSHUBIN,CONNIE VANSCHUYVER,et al.Reservior imaging using low frequencies of seis-mic reflections[J].The leading edge.2006,25(5):527
[6]李宏兵,赵文智,曹宏,等.小波尺度域含气储层地震波衰减特征[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):892.
[7]高静怀,陈文超,李幼铭,等.广义S变换与薄互层地震响应分析[J]地球物理学报,2003,46(4):526.
[8]孙成禹,张玉亮,万学娟.平面波在粘滞性界面上的反射特征研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(4):609.
[9]王维红,崔宝文,刘洪.表面多次波衰减的研究现状与进展[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):156.
[10]陈文超,高静怀.基于改进的最佳匹配地震子波的地震资料衰减特性分析[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3):837.
[11]姚振兴,高星,李维新.用于深度域地震剖面衰减与频散补偿的反Q滤波方法[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(2):229.
[12]杜启振,杨慧珠.线性黏弹性各向异性介质速度频散和衰减特征研究[J].物理学报,2002,51(9):2101.
[13]杜正聪,贺振华,黄德济,等.基于弹性方程与声学方程的裂缝模型正演与偏移[J].物探化探计算技术,2005,27(1):1.
[14]赵宪生,梁桂蓉,罗运先.正Q模拟与反Q滤波层位标定[J].物探化探计算技术,2001,23(1):11.
[15]桂志先,贺振华,黄德济.两种类型裂隙介质的弹性参数分析[J].物探化探计算技术,2000,22(2):117.
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