饱含流体介质的地震波场特征及频率分布
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摘要
地震波在含流体地层中传播时,由于受到流体的粘滞性和内摩擦等阻力的影响,其波场较不含流体时要发生显著变化。为了定性地研究地震波的这种波场特征及变化规律,该文将Korneev等人提出的一维弥散、粘滞型波动方程拓展为二维形式,推导了二维弥散、粘滞型波动方程的解,并通过数值模拟分析和归纳了含流体地震波场随粘滞性衰减系数和弥散耗损系数变化而变化的特征和规律,为储层识别和预测提供了理论依据和指导。结果显示,粘滞性衰减系数主要影响地震波的频率分布,随着其值的增大地震波的主频迅速低移;弥散耗损系数主要影响地震波振幅的衰减,而几乎不改变地震波的频率分布。
When the seismic wave propagates in fluid-saturated stratum, its wave field changes compared with the case of none fluid, because of the influence of resistance such as the viscosity and diffusion of the fluid. Based on the one-dimensional diffusive and viscous wave equation, two-dimensional diffusive and viscous wave equation is derived. The characteristics and rule of the change of seismic wave field are analyzed by numerical simulation, which provide guidance and criterion for the reservoir identification and prediction. The result shows that viscosity coefficient mainly affects the frequency distribution of seismic wave, and diffusion coefficient mainly controls the attenuation of seismic wave with no influence on the frequency distribution.
When the seismic wave propagates in fluid-saturated stratum, its wave field changes compared with the case of none fluid, because of the influence of resistance such as the viscosity and diffusion of the fluid. Based on the one-dimensional diffusive and viscous wave equation, two-dimensional diffusive and viscous wave equation is derived. The characteristics and rule of the change of seismic wave field are analyzed by numerical simulation, which provide guidance and criterion for the reservoir identification and prediction. The result shows that viscosity coefficient mainly affects the frequency distribution of seismic wave, and diffusion coefficient mainly controls the attenuation of seismic wave with no influence on the frequency distribution.
引文
[1]刘军迎,雍学善,高建虎.模型正演技术在碳酸盐岩油气藏地震资料解释中的应用[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(1):109-112.
[2]Goodway W,Chen T,Downton J.Im proved AVO fluid detection and lithology discrim ination using Lame petrophysicalparam eter from P and S inversion[C].68th AnnualInternationalM eeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,1997:183-186.
[3]RussellB H,Hedlin K,H ilterm an F J,etal.Fluid property discrim ination with AVO:A Biot-Gassm ann perspective[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):29-39.
[4]王西文.岩性油气藏的储层预测及评价技术研究[J].石油物探,2004,43(6):511-517.
[5]宁忠华,贺振华,黄德济.基于地震资料的高灵敏度流体识别因子[J].石油物探,2006,45(3):239-241.
[6]刘军迎,雍学善,高建虎,等.波动方程模型正演岩性油气藏波场研究[J].石油物探,2005,44(1):12-15.
[7]杨午阳,杨文采,刘全新,等.三维F-X域粘弹性波动方程保幅偏移方法[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(1):86-91.
[8]Korneev V A,Goloshubin G M.Seism ic low-frequency effectsin m onitoringfluid-saturated reservoirs[J].Geophysics,2004,69(2):522-532.
[9]Goloshubin G M,KorneevV A,Vingalov V M.Seism ic low-frequency effects from oil-saturated reservoirzones[C].International Exposition and 72nd AnnualM eeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2002:704-707.
[10]贺振华.反射地震资料偏移处理与反演方法[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,1989:56-72.
[11]CastagnaJP,Sun Shengjie,Siegfried R M.Instantaneousspectral analysis:Detection of low-frequency shadowsassociated with hydrocarbons[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(2):120-127.
[12]Cohen L.时-频分析:理论与应用[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1998:77-91.
[13]朱庆荣,张越迁,于兴河,等.分频解释技术在表征储层中的运用[J].矿物岩石,2003,23(3):104-108.
[14]刘丽娟,王山山.广义S变换窗函数的分析和改进[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(2):76-79.
[15]Goloshubin G M,SchuyverC V.Reservoirim aging using low frequencies of seismic reflections[J].The Leading Edge,2006,25(5):527-531.
[2]Goodway W,Chen T,Downton J.Im proved AVO fluid detection and lithology discrim ination using Lame petrophysicalparam eter from P and S inversion[C].68th AnnualInternationalM eeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,1997:183-186.
[3]RussellB H,Hedlin K,H ilterm an F J,etal.Fluid property discrim ination with AVO:A Biot-Gassm ann perspective[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):29-39.
[4]王西文.岩性油气藏的储层预测及评价技术研究[J].石油物探,2004,43(6):511-517.
[5]宁忠华,贺振华,黄德济.基于地震资料的高灵敏度流体识别因子[J].石油物探,2006,45(3):239-241.
[6]刘军迎,雍学善,高建虎,等.波动方程模型正演岩性油气藏波场研究[J].石油物探,2005,44(1):12-15.
[7]杨午阳,杨文采,刘全新,等.三维F-X域粘弹性波动方程保幅偏移方法[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(1):86-91.
[8]Korneev V A,Goloshubin G M.Seism ic low-frequency effectsin m onitoringfluid-saturated reservoirs[J].Geophysics,2004,69(2):522-532.
[9]Goloshubin G M,KorneevV A,Vingalov V M.Seism ic low-frequency effects from oil-saturated reservoirzones[C].International Exposition and 72nd AnnualM eeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2002:704-707.
[10]贺振华.反射地震资料偏移处理与反演方法[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,1989:56-72.
[11]CastagnaJP,Sun Shengjie,Siegfried R M.Instantaneousspectral analysis:Detection of low-frequency shadowsassociated with hydrocarbons[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(2):120-127.
[12]Cohen L.时-频分析:理论与应用[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1998:77-91.
[13]朱庆荣,张越迁,于兴河,等.分频解释技术在表征储层中的运用[J].矿物岩石,2003,23(3):104-108.
[14]刘丽娟,王山山.广义S变换窗函数的分析和改进[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(2):76-79.
[15]Goloshubin G M,SchuyverC V.Reservoirim aging using low frequencies of seismic reflections[J].The Leading Edge,2006,25(5):527-531.
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