某露天采场爆破震动特性及减震技术研究
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摘要
为解决某露天采场高陡边坡受生产爆破震动的影响,根据该采场的岩石性质和爆破规模,对采场进行了爆破振动测试,得出了该区域爆破地震波的传播特性,揭示了该矿区的爆破振动速度与药量和测点位置的关系,爆破振动速度随相对高程的增大而存在放大效应,放大系数的变化率随高程的增加而减小;通过控制段起爆最大药量,采用时差干扰降震技术较好地解决了生产规模与震动安全控制问题;现场试验表明,该矿的最佳段差时间为15 ms,平均降震率达到23.6%。
To solve the problem of slope caused by blasting vibration damage at a certain iron mine,YBJ-1 blasting vibration seismometer and CD-1 velocity-meter were used to observe the velocity of particle caused by blasting according to the rock properties and the scale of blasting.The spreading law of blasting wave in the iron mine were acquired to propose an effective method of controlling the maximum blasting vibration velocity,which will keep slope close to blasting area safe from blasting vibration damage.The vibration velocity was proved to be relevant to explosive quantity and the location of testing spot.The magnifying effect of velocity along the height of slope was proved to decline with the relative height increasing.In terms of control of the maximum explosive quantity at the same time and the millisecond delay interval,blasting vibration has been reduced at the ratio of 23.6%. 15 ms delay interval was proved to be rational through the experiments in an open pit.
To solve the problem of slope caused by blasting vibration damage at a certain iron mine,YBJ-1 blasting vibration seismometer and CD-1 velocity-meter were used to observe the velocity of particle caused by blasting according to the rock properties and the scale of blasting.The spreading law of blasting wave in the iron mine were acquired to propose an effective method of controlling the maximum blasting vibration velocity,which will keep slope close to blasting area safe from blasting vibration damage.The vibration velocity was proved to be relevant to explosive quantity and the location of testing spot.The magnifying effect of velocity along the height of slope was proved to decline with the relative height increasing.In terms of control of the maximum explosive quantity at the same time and the millisecond delay interval,blasting vibration has been reduced at the ratio of 23.6%. 15 ms delay interval was proved to be rational through the experiments in an open pit.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.中华人民共和国爆破安全规程[M].北京:中国标准出版社.2004.42~44
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[3]Dowing C H,Gilbert C.Dynamic stability of rock slopesand high frequency traveling waves[J].Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,1988,114(10):1 069~1 088
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[6]Dowing C H.Monitoring and control of blasting effects[A].Mining Engineering Handbook[M].Prentice Hall,1985.66~89
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[10]柴建设,张云鹏,甘德清.棒磨山铁矿爆破震动对边坡稳定性影响的分析[J].有色矿山,2000,29(2):12~14
[11]舒大强,何蕴龙,董振华.岩质高边坡开挖爆破震动荷载及其对边坡稳定性影响的研究[J].工程爆破,1996,2(4):39~43
[12]刘晓军,邢德勇,黄宁,等.三峡右岸地下电站进水口高边坡开挖爆破震动安全监测[J].长江科学院院报,2003,20(增):104~106
[13]马建军,蔡路军,叶洲元,等.高陡边坡爆破减震问题的探讨[J].有色金属(矿山部分),2002,54(2):23~25
[14]舒大强,赖世骥,朱传云,等.岩石高边坡爆破振动效应观测及分析[J].爆破,2000,17(增):245~248
[15]郭学彬.爆破振动作的坡面效应[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(1):83~87
[16]陈寿如,李雁翎,谢圣权.露天采场台阶干扰降震爆破技术试验研究[J].湖南科技大学学报,2004,19(2):10~13.
[2]宋光明,史秀志,陈寿如.露天矿边坡爆破振动破坏判据新方法及其应用[J].中南工业大学学报,2000,31(6):485~488
[3]Dowing C H,Gilbert C.Dynamic stability of rock slopesand high frequency traveling waves[J].Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,1988,114(10):1 069~1 088
[4]言志信,吴德伦,王漪,等.地震效应及安全研究[J].岩土力学,2002,21(2):201~203
[5]伍振志,胡国详,邓宗伟.爆破地震安全判据若干问题探讨[J].安全与环境工程,2003,10(4):64~66
[6]Dowing C H.Monitoring and control of blasting effects[A].Mining Engineering Handbook[M].Prentice Hall,1985.66~89
[7]张永哲.爆破地震波传播特性研究[J].爆破,2000,17(增):6~10
[8]唐春海,于亚伦,王建宙.爆破地震动安全判据的初步探讨[J].有色金属,2001,53(1):1~4
[9]毛志远,徐全军.考虑频率影响的爆破震动安全判据的工程实践[J].工程爆破,2001,7(3):19~22
[10]柴建设,张云鹏,甘德清.棒磨山铁矿爆破震动对边坡稳定性影响的分析[J].有色矿山,2000,29(2):12~14
[11]舒大强,何蕴龙,董振华.岩质高边坡开挖爆破震动荷载及其对边坡稳定性影响的研究[J].工程爆破,1996,2(4):39~43
[12]刘晓军,邢德勇,黄宁,等.三峡右岸地下电站进水口高边坡开挖爆破震动安全监测[J].长江科学院院报,2003,20(增):104~106
[13]马建军,蔡路军,叶洲元,等.高陡边坡爆破减震问题的探讨[J].有色金属(矿山部分),2002,54(2):23~25
[14]舒大强,赖世骥,朱传云,等.岩石高边坡爆破振动效应观测及分析[J].爆破,2000,17(增):245~248
[15]郭学彬.爆破振动作的坡面效应[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(1):83~87
[16]陈寿如,李雁翎,谢圣权.露天采场台阶干扰降震爆破技术试验研究[J].湖南科技大学学报,2004,19(2):10~13.
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