分段式地铁隧道穿越地裂缝带的模型试验研究
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摘要
以西安某段地裂缝为原型,通过几何比1∶25的模型试验,研究了地裂缝活动对分段式衬砌结构受力变形的影响效应。由试验结果得出:由于分段式衬砌每一段均可以满足一定量的独立变形,且对附近的衬砌段影响较小,所以较能适应地裂缝环境。当地裂缝活动时,衬砌顶部10cm处土压力在上盘靠近裂缝两段及下盘靠近裂缝一段均减小;衬砌底部5cm处土压力在上盘靠近裂缝段减小,在下盘靠近裂缝段增大;其余段影响较小。上盘靠近裂缝两段衬砌顶部和底部均受纵向压力;下盘靠近裂缝段衬砌顶部受拉,底部受压;其余段影响较小。上盘靠近裂缝段衬砌两侧面受压,下盘影响较小。衬砌的破坏模式主要为侧壁受环向挤压破坏,多发生在上盘尤其是靠近裂缝的结构段;土体内次生裂缝不发育,仅出现在上盘顶部预设裂缝附近以及下盘土体内部,土体受张拉剪切作用,形成张剪裂缝。
By use of a 1 ∶2 5 model to simulate one section of the ground fissure in Xi’an, the effect of ground fissure activities on segmental lining is studied. The results indicate that each segment of lining can satisfy the quantitative unattached deformation and there is very small effect between each segment lining, so it can adapt to the ground fissure surroundings. When a fissure moves, the earth pressure at the lining top at the depth of 10 cm of two segments in the hanging wall and one segment in the footwall near the fissure decreases. The earth pressure at the lining bottom at the depth of 5 cm of one segment in the hanging wall near the fissure decreases, but that in the footwall increases. The top and bottom of two segment linings near the fissure in the hanging wall are longitudinally pressed. The top of one segmental lining in the footwall is pulled, but its bottom is pressed. Both sides of the lining near the fissure in the hanging wall are pressed, and the effect is smaller in the footwall. The main failure mode for the linings is that sidewall suffers hoop extrusion, which often occurs in the hanging wall, especially near the fissure. The secondary fissures in the soil do not develop, and they only appear on the top of the hanging wall near the fissure and inside the soil of the footwall. The soil is pulled and sheared to form the fissure.
By use of a 1 ∶2 5 model to simulate one section of the ground fissure in Xi’an, the effect of ground fissure activities on segmental lining is studied. The results indicate that each segment of lining can satisfy the quantitative unattached deformation and there is very small effect between each segment lining, so it can adapt to the ground fissure surroundings. When a fissure moves, the earth pressure at the lining top at the depth of 10 cm of two segments in the hanging wall and one segment in the footwall near the fissure decreases. The earth pressure at the lining bottom at the depth of 5 cm of one segment in the hanging wall near the fissure decreases, but that in the footwall increases. The top and bottom of two segment linings near the fissure in the hanging wall are longitudinally pressed. The top of one segmental lining in the footwall is pulled, but its bottom is pressed. Both sides of the lining near the fissure in the hanging wall are pressed, and the effect is smaller in the footwall. The main failure mode for the linings is that sidewall suffers hoop extrusion, which often occurs in the hanging wall, especially near the fissure. The secondary fissures in the soil do not develop, and they only appear on the top of the hanging wall near the fissure and inside the soil of the footwall. The soil is pulled and sheared to form the fissure.
引文
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[11]袁文忠.相似理论与静力学模型试验[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1998.(YUAN Wen-zhong.Similarity theory and statics model tests[M].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,1998.(in Chinese))
[12]李永善,等.西安地裂及渭河盆地活断层研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.(LI Yong-shan,et al.Research on ground fissures in Xi’an region and active faults in Weihei basin[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1992.(in Chinese))
[2]长安大学.西安市城市快速轨道交通二号线穿过地裂缝带的结构措施专题研究[R].西安:长安大学,2007.(Chang’an University.Research on structure technique of No.2Subway tunnel crossing the ground fissure belt of Xi’an[R].Xi’an:Changan Uniersity,2007.(in Chinese))
[3]陕西省地质矿产局.西安地裂缝勘查研究综合报告[R].西安:陕西省地质矿产局,1990.(Shaanxi Provincial Bureau of Geo-exploration and Mineral Development.The general research report of Xi’an ground fissures exploration[R].Xi’an:Shaanxi Provincial Bureau of Geo-Exploration and Mineral Development,1990.(in Chinese))
[4]范文,邓龙胜,彭建兵,等.地铁隧道穿越地裂缝带的物理模型实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1917–1923.(FAN Wen,DENG Long-sheng,PENG Jian-bing,et al.Research on physical model experiment of metro tunnel crossing ground fissure belt[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1917–1923.(in Chinese))
[5]李新生,王静,等.西安地铁二号线沿线地裂缝特征、危害及对策[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(4):463–468.(LI Xin-sheng,WANG Jing,et al.Ground fissures along Xi’an subway line2:characteristics,harms and measures[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2007,15(4):463–468.(in Chinese))
[6]刘晓文,王璐,王进峰.西安地铁区间隧道通过地裂缝带的施工方案[J].山西建筑,2007,33(32):316–318.(LIU Xiao-wen,WANG Lu,WANG Jin-feng.Investigation on construction scheme of the interzone tunnel which crosses the earth fissure in Xi’an metro[J].Shanxi Architecture,2007,33(32):316–318.(in Chinese))
[7]丁先立,季同月.西安地铁地裂缝处理[J].山西建筑,2007,33(13):336.(DING Xian-li,JI Tong-yue.Process of cracks in Xi’an subway[J].Shanxi Architecture,2007,33(13):336.(in Chinese))
[8]杨育僧,杨骏.西安地铁区间隧道通过地裂缝带的方案探讨[J].都市快轨交通,2006,19(3):67–69.(YANG Yu-seng,YANG Jun.A scheme for the transit tunnels of Xi’an metro to pass through ground crack[J].City Quick Railway Transportation,2006,19(3):67–69.(in Chinese))
[9]SHAHIDI A R,VAFAEIAN M.Analysis of longitudinal profile of the tunnels in active faulted zone and designing the flexible lining(for Koohrang-Ⅲtunnel)[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2005,20:213–221.
[10]黄强兵,彭建兵,范文,等.西安地铁二号线沿线地裂缝未来位错量估算及工程分级[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(4):469–474.(HUANG Qiang-bing,PENG Jian-bing,FAN Wen,et al.Estimation of the maximum displacement of ground fissures along Xi’an metro line2and its engineering classification[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2007,15(4):469–474.(in Chinese))
[11]袁文忠.相似理论与静力学模型试验[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1998.(YUAN Wen-zhong.Similarity theory and statics model tests[M].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,1998.(in Chinese))
[12]李永善,等.西安地裂及渭河盆地活断层研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.(LI Yong-shan,et al.Research on ground fissures in Xi’an region and active faults in Weihei basin[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1992.(in Chinese))
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