外载扰动诱发灾害发生的突变机理及其非线性动力特征
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摘要
基于突水灾害类型和突水灾变模式的系统分析,提出防突关键体概念,建立防突关键层与关键块的力学模型,外力扰动则简化为平面应力波,建立防突关键层失稳与动荷载诱发岩块失稳突水的突变模型,并基于系统能量的平衡分析获得局部突变的分岔集,导出了突水(泥)的失稳判据,发现不但取决于防突结构的几何尺寸、材料性质、水压等因素,还与外荷载的强度和频率有很大关系。基于动载动力特性的数值分析,研究了不同动载振幅、频率对最小防突关键体厚度的影响,进而提出"小进尺、弱爆破"等预防突水灾害的防治措施。
According to the water burst type and its mode,the concept of key mass for water preventing was put forward,based on solid rock structure and its size difference,the mechanical model of key block and key strata was established.Based on the external disturbance form of harmonic wave,the catastrophic model of double cusp for instability of the critical rock layer for water bursting induced by dynamic disturbances was established,and its condition of instability is worked out.The instability criterion and minimum critical rock layer was confirmed according to the instability condition,which are effected not only by the geometry size,material properties and water pressure of key stratum,but also the amplitude and frequency of external force disturbance.The influence of amplitude,frequency of dynamic disturbances on critical rock layer was studied by numerical analysis,and the mechanism of small footage and weak blast to lessen rock damage is put forward.
According to the water burst type and its mode,the concept of key mass for water preventing was put forward,based on solid rock structure and its size difference,the mechanical model of key block and key strata was established.Based on the external disturbance form of harmonic wave,the catastrophic model of double cusp for instability of the critical rock layer for water bursting induced by dynamic disturbances was established,and its condition of instability is worked out.The instability criterion and minimum critical rock layer was confirmed according to the instability condition,which are effected not only by the geometry size,material properties and water pressure of key stratum,but also the amplitude and frequency of external force disturbance.The influence of amplitude,frequency of dynamic disturbances on critical rock layer was studied by numerical analysis,and the mechanism of small footage and weak blast to lessen rock damage is put forward.
引文
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[16]左宇军,李术才,秦泗凤,等.动力扰动诱发承压水底板关键层失稳的突变理论研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(8):2 361-2 366.Zuo Yujun,Li Shucai,Qin Sifeng,et al.A catastrophe model frofloor water-resisting key stratum instability induced by dynamic dis-turbance[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(8):2 361-2 362.
[2]Salis M,Duckstein L.Mining under a limestone aquifer in southernSardinia:a multiobjective approach[J].Geotechnical and GeologicalEngineering,1983,1(4):357-374.
[3]Kuzentsov S V,Troflmov V A.Hydrodynamic effect of coal seamcompression[J].Journal of Mining Science,2002,39(3):205-212.
[4]彭苏萍,王金安.承压水体上安全采煤[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2001.Peng Suping,Wang Jin’an.Safety coal mine on the confined aquifer[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,2001.
[5]施龙青,韩进.底板突水机制及预测预报[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2004.Shi Longqing,Han Jin.Floor water-inrush mechanism and prediction[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2004.
[6]赵阳升,胡耀青.承压水采煤理论与技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2004.Zhao Yangsheng,Hu Yaoqing.Theory and technology of coal mineon the confined aquifer[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry PublishingHouse,2004.
[7]仵彦卿,张倬元.岩体水力学导论[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1995.Wu Yanqing,Zhang Zhuoyuan.Introduction to rock mass hydraulics[M].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,1995.
[8]张金才,张玉卓,刘天泉.岩体渗流与煤层地板突水[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.Zhang Jincai,Zhang Yuzhuo,Liu Tianquan.Rock mass permeabilityand coal mine water inrush[M].Beijing:The Geological PublishingHouse,1997.
[9]李顺才,陈占清,缪协兴,等.破碎岩体中气体渗流的非线性动力学研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(7):1 372-1380.Li Shuncai,Chen Zhanqing,Miao Xiexing,et al.Nonlinear dynamicstudy on gas flow in broken rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2007,26(7):1 372-1 380.
[10]邵爱军,彭建萍,刘唐生.矿坑底板突水突变模型研究[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(1):38-41.Shao Aijun,Peng Jianping,Liu Tangsheng.Research on a cusp cat-astrophic model of water busting in pit floors[J].Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,2001,23(1):38-41.
[11]周辉,翟德元,王泳嘉.薄隔水层井筒底板突水的突变模型[J].中国安全科学学报,1999,9(3):44-48.Zhou Hui,Zhai Deyuan,Wang Yongjia.The sudden change modelof water outburst at vertical shaft floor of thin water-resisting layer[J].China Safey Science Jouranl,1999,9(3):44-48.
[12]左宇军,李夕兵,赵国彦.受载作用的岩石的动态断裂的突变模型[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(6):654-658.Zuo Yujun,Li Xibing,Zhao Guoyan.A catastrophe model for dy-namic fracture of static loaded rock[J].Journal of China Coal Soci-ety,2004,29(6):654-658.
[13]许强,黄润秋.地震作用下结构非线性响应的突变分析[J].岩土工程学报,1997,19(4):25-30.Xu Qiang,Huang Runqiu.Catastrophic analysis of nonlinear re-sponse of structure under earthquake[J].Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,1997,19(4):25-30.
[14]闫长斌,徐国元.动荷载诱发上下交叠硐室间顶柱失稳的突变理论分析[J].工程力学,2007,24(4):46-51.Yan Changbin,Xu Guoyuan.Analysis on instability of the top pillarbetween overlap underground chambers induced by dynamic load-ings with catastrophy theory[J].Engineering Mechanics,2007,24(4):46-51.
[15]沈茂山,魏德敏.弹性拱振动失稳的突变模型[J].应用数学和力学,1990,11(12):1 099-1 102.Shen Maoshan,Wei Demin.A catastrophe model for vibration buck-ling of elastic arches[J].Applied Mathematics and Mechanics,1990,11(12):1 099-1 102.
[16]左宇军,李术才,秦泗凤,等.动力扰动诱发承压水底板关键层失稳的突变理论研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(8):2 361-2 366.Zuo Yujun,Li Shucai,Qin Sifeng,et al.A catastrophe model frofloor water-resisting key stratum instability induced by dynamic dis-turbance[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(8):2 361-2 362.
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