地下介质三维模型中界面的描述方法
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摘要
介质模型可分为离散模型和连续模型 .离散模型 ,使用规则网格或不规则网格将空间离散化 ,网格内介质参数不变 .对连续模型 ,可用解析函数描述 ,或者由插值方法得到介质参数的空间分布 .连续模型的描述 ,要素之一是界面的描述方法 .本文借助计算机图形学和计算机辅助几何设计中发展起来的曲线和曲面技术 ,使用参数形式的Coons曲面、Bezier曲面、B样条曲面和三角形面片 ,描述三维地质构造 .结合地震勘探采集系统设计的实际需要 ,给出一种三角形面片的模型描述方案 .
The methods describing models can be classified into two categories: discrete and continuous. The discrete methods divide the model into many little blocks using regular or irregular grids. The continuous methods use analytic functions or interpolation methods. One important element of the continuous method is how the interface is described. Considering the techniques developed greatly in the subjects of computer graphics and computer aided geometry design, the modele introduced with Coons surfaces?Bezier surfaces?B-spline surfaces and triangle meshes. Especially, for the need of the exploration's data acquisition system, a scheme using triangle meshes is giving.
The methods describing models can be classified into two categories: discrete and continuous. The discrete methods divide the model into many little blocks using regular or irregular grids. The continuous methods use analytic functions or interpolation methods. One important element of the continuous method is how the interface is described. Considering the techniques developed greatly in the subjects of computer graphics and computer aided geometry design, the modele introduced with Coons surfaces?Bezier surfaces?B-spline surfaces and triangle meshes. Especially, for the need of the exploration's data acquisition system, a scheme using triangle meshes is giving.
引文
[1] 谢小碧,郑天愉,姚振兴.理论地震图计算方法[J].地球物理学报,1992,35:790～800.
[2] 安艺敬一,P .G .理查兹.定量地震学[M].北京:地震出版社,1986.
[3] E .艾斯纳.地震勘探中的超级计算机[M ].北京:石油工业出版社,1992.
[4] AkiK ,ChritofferssonA ,HusebyeES .Determinationofthethreedimensionalseismicstructureofthelithosphere[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1977,82:277～296.
[5] 刘福田,李强,吴华,等.用于速度图像重建的层析成象法[J].地球物理学报,1989,32:46～61.
[6] 杨文采,李幼铭.应用地震层析成像[M].北京:地质出版社,1993.
[7] 张钋,刘洪,李幼铭.射线追踪方法的发展现状[J].地球物理学进展,2000,15:36～45.
[8] CervenyV .三维结构中完全地震射线追踪[A].见:DurkJ.Doornbos,地震学算法理论[M],北京:地震出版社,1992.
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[10] CervenyV .地震学中的射线方法[M].刘福田译,北京:地质出版社,1986.
[11] 马争鸣,李衍达.二步法射线追踪[J].地球物理学报,1992,34:501～508.
[12] 范会吉,刘启元.分块三维速度模型生成及理论地震图的计算[J].地球物理学报,1992,35:721～732.
[13] 朱介寿.地震学中的计算方法[M].北京:地震出版社,1988.
[14] 冯锐,陶裕录.地震—重力联合反演中的非块状一致性模型[J].地球物理学报,1993,36:463～475.
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[19] 孙家广,杨长贵.计算机图形学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1995.
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[21] MaoWJ ,StuartGW .Rapidmulti wave typeraytracingincomplex2Dand3Disotropicmedia[J].Geophysics,1997,62(1):298～308.
[22] 毛小平,黄延祜.体元结构模型在三维地震模型正演模拟研究中的应用[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(6):833～840.
[23] 刘洪,高红伟,李幼铭,等.三维复杂地质模型剖分及显示[A].寸丹集,庆祝刘光鼎院士工作50周年学术论文集[M]:196～205,北京:科学出版社,1998.
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[25] 高红伟,李幼铭.约束Delaunay剖分及其在构造地质模型中的应用[J].现代地质,1999,B(增刊):87～91.
[26] KajiyaJ.Raytracingparametricpatches,ProceedingofSIGGRAPH’82[J].ComputerGraphics,1982,16(3):245～254.
[27] TothD ,Onraytracingparametricsurfaces,ProceedingofSIGGRAPH’85[J],ComputerGraphics,1985,19(3):171～179.
[28] JoyKI,BhetanabhotlaMN .Raytracingparametricsurfacepatchesutilizingnumericaltechniquesandraycoherence,ProceedingofSIGGRAPH’86[J].ComputerGraphics,1986,20(4):279～285.
[29] BarthW ,SturzlingerW .EfficientraytracingforBezierandB -splinesurfaces[J].Computers&Graphics,1993,17(4):423～430.
[30] KaihuaiQin,MinglunGong.AnewmethodforspeedingupraytracingNURBSsurfaces[J].Computers&Graphics,1997,21(5):577～586.
[31] ManochaD ,KrishnanS .Algebraicpruning:afasttech niqueforcurveandsurfaceintersection[J].Computer-AidedGeometricDesign,1997,14(9):823～845.
[32] NishitaT ,SederbergTW .RaytracingTrimmedRationalSurfacePatches,ProceedingofSIGGRAPH’90[J].Com puterGraphics,1990,24(4):337～345.
[2] 安艺敬一,P .G .理查兹.定量地震学[M].北京:地震出版社,1986.
[3] E .艾斯纳.地震勘探中的超级计算机[M ].北京:石油工业出版社,1992.
[4] AkiK ,ChritofferssonA ,HusebyeES .Determinationofthethreedimensionalseismicstructureofthelithosphere[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1977,82:277～296.
[5] 刘福田,李强,吴华,等.用于速度图像重建的层析成象法[J].地球物理学报,1989,32:46～61.
[6] 杨文采,李幼铭.应用地震层析成像[M].北京:地质出版社,1993.
[7] 张钋,刘洪,李幼铭.射线追踪方法的发展现状[J].地球物理学进展,2000,15:36～45.
[8] CervenyV .三维结构中完全地震射线追踪[A].见:DurkJ.Doornbos,地震学算法理论[M],北京:地震出版社,1992.
[9] LanganRT ,LercheI,CulterRT .Tracingofraysthroughheterogenousmedia:Anaccurateandefficientprocedure[J].Geophysics,1985,50:1456～1465.
[10] CervenyV .地震学中的射线方法[M].刘福田译,北京:地质出版社,1986.
[11] 马争鸣,李衍达.二步法射线追踪[J].地球物理学报,1992,34:501～508.
[12] 范会吉,刘启元.分块三维速度模型生成及理论地震图的计算[J].地球物理学报,1992,35:721～732.
[13] 朱介寿.地震学中的计算方法[M].北京:地震出版社,1988.
[14] 冯锐,陶裕录.地震—重力联合反演中的非块状一致性模型[J].地球物理学报,1993,36:463～475.
[15] Michelini,A .Anadaptive gridformalismfortraveltimeto mograph[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1995,121:489～510.
[16] 李松林,吴宁远,宋占隆,等.速度分布和界面位置的联合反演[J].地震学报,1997,19:383～392.
[17] 苏步青,刘鼎元.计算几何[M].上海:上海科技出版社,1981.
[18] 王得人、杨忠华.数值逼近引论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1990.
[19] 孙家广,杨长贵.计算机图形学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1995.
[20] GjoystdalH ,ReinhardsenJE ,AstebolK .Computerrepre sentationofcomplex3Dgeologicalstructuresusinganew“solidmodeling”technique[J].GeophysicalProspecting,1985,33(8):1195～1211.
[21] MaoWJ ,StuartGW .Rapidmulti wave typeraytracingincomplex2Dand3Disotropicmedia[J].Geophysics,1997,62(1):298～308.
[22] 毛小平,黄延祜.体元结构模型在三维地震模型正演模拟研究中的应用[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(6):833～840.
[23] 刘洪,高红伟,李幼铭,等.三维复杂地质模型剖分及显示[A].寸丹集,庆祝刘光鼎院士工作50周年学术论文集[M]:196～205,北京:科学出版社,1998.
[24] 孟小红,王卫民,姚长利,等.地质模型计算机辅助设计原理与应用[M].北京:地质出版社,2001.
[25] 高红伟,李幼铭.约束Delaunay剖分及其在构造地质模型中的应用[J].现代地质,1999,B(增刊):87～91.
[26] KajiyaJ.Raytracingparametricpatches,ProceedingofSIGGRAPH’82[J].ComputerGraphics,1982,16(3):245～254.
[27] TothD ,Onraytracingparametricsurfaces,ProceedingofSIGGRAPH’85[J],ComputerGraphics,1985,19(3):171～179.
[28] JoyKI,BhetanabhotlaMN .Raytracingparametricsurfacepatchesutilizingnumericaltechniquesandraycoherence,ProceedingofSIGGRAPH’86[J].ComputerGraphics,1986,20(4):279～285.
[29] BarthW ,SturzlingerW .EfficientraytracingforBezierandB -splinesurfaces[J].Computers&Graphics,1993,17(4):423～430.
[30] KaihuaiQin,MinglunGong.AnewmethodforspeedingupraytracingNURBSsurfaces[J].Computers&Graphics,1997,21(5):577～586.
[31] ManochaD ,KrishnanS .Algebraicpruning:afasttech niqueforcurveandsurfaceintersection[J].Computer-AidedGeometricDesign,1997,14(9):823～845.
[32] NishitaT ,SederbergTW .RaytracingTrimmedRationalSurfacePatches,ProceedingofSIGGRAPH’90[J].Com puterGraphics,1990,24(4):337～345.
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