利用表层模型的波场延拓基准面校正方案(英文)
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摘要
在复杂近地表条件下采集的地震资料,由于地形起伏剧烈、低降速带变化大,采用传统的铅垂时移静校正方法使地震波场发生扭曲,不利于波动方程偏移成像。本文提出了一种近地表层析反演与波场延拓联合基准面校正的方法,解决复杂近地表条件下采集地震资料的静校正问题。首先是利用折射波层析反演得到近地表模型;其次是炮检点波场延拓。将基准面置于地形之上,根据惠更斯—菲涅尔原理和波场互易原理以及炮检点的空间分布位置,以地表上接收的地震数据为二次震源,将炮检点分别先向下、后向上延拓到地表之上的水平基准面上,从而实现复杂近地表条件下,地震数据层析反演与波场延拓联合基准面校正。
When topography and low velocity zone differences vary greatly, conventional vertical static time shifts will cause wavefield distortion and influence wave equation seismic imaging for seismic data acquired on a complex near surface. In this paper, we propose an approach to datum correction that combines a joint tomography inversion with wavefield continuation to solve the static problem for seismic data on rugged acquisition topography. First, the near surface model is obtained by refracted wave tomography inversion. Second, the wavefield of sources and receivers are continued downward and upward to accomplish datum correction starting from a flat surface and locating the datum above topography. Based on the reciprocal theorem, Huygens’ and Fresnel principles, the location of sources and receivers, and regarding the recorded data on the surface as a secondary emission, the sources and receivers are upward-continued to the datum above topography respectively. Thus, the datum correction using joint tomography inversion and wavefield continuation with the condition of a complex near surface is accomplished.
When topography and low velocity zone differences vary greatly, conventional vertical static time shifts will cause wavefield distortion and influence wave equation seismic imaging for seismic data acquired on a complex near surface. In this paper, we propose an approach to datum correction that combines a joint tomography inversion with wavefield continuation to solve the static problem for seismic data on rugged acquisition topography. First, the near surface model is obtained by refracted wave tomography inversion. Second, the wavefield of sources and receivers are continued downward and upward to accomplish datum correction starting from a flat surface and locating the datum above topography. Based on the reciprocal theorem, Huygens’ and Fresnel principles, the location of sources and receivers, and regarding the recorded data on the surface as a secondary emission, the sources and receivers are upward-continued to the datum above topography respectively. Thus, the datum correction using joint tomography inversion and wavefield continuation with the condition of a complex near surface is accomplished.
引文
Beasley, C. J., and Lynn, W., 1989, The zero-velocity layer: Migration from irregular surfaces: 59th Ann. Internat. Mtg., Soc. Expl. Geophys., Expanded Abstracts, 1179 - 1183.
Berryhill, J. R., 1979, Wave equation datuming: Geophysics, 44, 1329 - 1344.
Berryhill, J. R., 1984, Wave equation datuming before stack: Geophysics, 49 (11), 2064 - 2067.
Bevc, D., 1997, Flooding the topography: wave-equationdatuming of land data with rugged acquisitiontopography: Geophysics, 62 (5), 1558 - 1569.
Cui X. F., Xu L., and Chen L. K., 2006, Wave equation continuation static correction for complex surface: Petroleum Exploration and Development (in Chinese), 33 (1), 80 - 82.
Li H. F., and Zhou Q., 2005, Discussion of surface inconsistence static correction: Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese), 40 (B11), 128 - 133.
He G. M., He Z. H., Huang J. D., and Wang C. H., 2006, Comparison of several kinds of static correction methods: Computing Techniques for Geological and Geochemical Exploration (in Chinese), 28 (4), 310 - 314.
Kelamis,P., Erickson,K., Taner,T.,Verschuur,D., and Berkhout,A., 2000, CFP-based redatuming;Synthetic and field data examples:70th SEG Annual Meeting,Expanded Abstracts, 509 - 512.
Kelamis, P., Erickson, K. E., Verschuur, D. J., and Berkhout, A. J., 2002, Velocity-independent redatuming: A new approach to the near-surface problem in land seismic data processing, The Leading Edge, 21, 730 - 735.
Lin B. X., Sun J. M., Xu Y., and Li B., 2006, Discussion of several usual static correction methods: Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum (in Chinese), 45 (4), 367 - 372.
Reshef, M., 1991, Depth migration from irregular surfaces with depth extrapolation methods: Geophysics, 56 (1), 119 - 122.
Schneider, W. A. J., Philip, L. D., and Paal, E. F., 1995, Wave equation velocity replacement of the low-velocity layer for overthrust belt data: Geophysics, 60, 573 - 580.
Shtivelman, V., and Canning, A., 1988, Datum correction by wave equation extrapolation: Geophysics, 53 (10), 1311 - 1322.
Wang S. D., 2005, Complex surface static using inversion continuation of wave equation: Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese), 40 (1), 31 - 34.
Wiggins, J. W., 1984, Kirchhoff integral extrapolation and migration of nonplanar data: Geophysics, 49 (8), 1239 - 1248.
Yan H. S., Jiang X. Y., Gao Y. L., Wang L. G., 2005, 3D refraction static techniques and application effect: Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese), 40 (2), 219- 225.
Yilmaz, O., and Lucas, D.,1986, Prestack layer replacement: Geophysics, 51, 1355 - 1369.
Zhang J. G., and Liu L. S., 2006, First-arrival wave tomography inversion static correction for complex areas: Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese), 41 (4), 383 - 385.
Berryhill, J. R., 1979, Wave equation datuming: Geophysics, 44, 1329 - 1344.
Berryhill, J. R., 1984, Wave equation datuming before stack: Geophysics, 49 (11), 2064 - 2067.
Bevc, D., 1997, Flooding the topography: wave-equationdatuming of land data with rugged acquisitiontopography: Geophysics, 62 (5), 1558 - 1569.
Cui X. F., Xu L., and Chen L. K., 2006, Wave equation continuation static correction for complex surface: Petroleum Exploration and Development (in Chinese), 33 (1), 80 - 82.
Li H. F., and Zhou Q., 2005, Discussion of surface inconsistence static correction: Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese), 40 (B11), 128 - 133.
He G. M., He Z. H., Huang J. D., and Wang C. H., 2006, Comparison of several kinds of static correction methods: Computing Techniques for Geological and Geochemical Exploration (in Chinese), 28 (4), 310 - 314.
Kelamis,P., Erickson,K., Taner,T.,Verschuur,D., and Berkhout,A., 2000, CFP-based redatuming;Synthetic and field data examples:70th SEG Annual Meeting,Expanded Abstracts, 509 - 512.
Kelamis, P., Erickson, K. E., Verschuur, D. J., and Berkhout, A. J., 2002, Velocity-independent redatuming: A new approach to the near-surface problem in land seismic data processing, The Leading Edge, 21, 730 - 735.
Lin B. X., Sun J. M., Xu Y., and Li B., 2006, Discussion of several usual static correction methods: Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum (in Chinese), 45 (4), 367 - 372.
Reshef, M., 1991, Depth migration from irregular surfaces with depth extrapolation methods: Geophysics, 56 (1), 119 - 122.
Schneider, W. A. J., Philip, L. D., and Paal, E. F., 1995, Wave equation velocity replacement of the low-velocity layer for overthrust belt data: Geophysics, 60, 573 - 580.
Shtivelman, V., and Canning, A., 1988, Datum correction by wave equation extrapolation: Geophysics, 53 (10), 1311 - 1322.
Wang S. D., 2005, Complex surface static using inversion continuation of wave equation: Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese), 40 (1), 31 - 34.
Wiggins, J. W., 1984, Kirchhoff integral extrapolation and migration of nonplanar data: Geophysics, 49 (8), 1239 - 1248.
Yan H. S., Jiang X. Y., Gao Y. L., Wang L. G., 2005, 3D refraction static techniques and application effect: Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese), 40 (2), 219- 225.
Yilmaz, O., and Lucas, D.,1986, Prestack layer replacement: Geophysics, 51, 1355 - 1369.
Zhang J. G., and Liu L. S., 2006, First-arrival wave tomography inversion static correction for complex areas: Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese), 41 (4), 383 - 385.
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