叠前弹性阻抗反演及其在含气储层预测中的应用
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摘要
叠前弹性阻抗反演方法,由于充分利用振幅随偏移距变化的信息,与叠后波阻抗反演相比、对岩性及流体的分辨能力和可信度有较大提高,是当前叠前方演的一个重要方向.本文讨论了弹性阻抗反演的基本原理和流程.指出了该方法的应用条件和关键步骤.对J地区东营组浊积砂岩的实例研究表明,大角度弹性阻抗对含气砂岩具有非常理想的分辨能力,利用近角度和远角度弹性阻抗的交会分析,能够可靠地识别含气砂岩的分布范围.研究结果对该区砂岩气藏的勘探具有重要意义.
The post stack inversion can't obtain reliable lithologic information and liquid content. With the increasing demand for higher precision and resolution of oil and gas prospecting, pre-stack techniques including elastic impedance inversion are among the promising ones for solving the problem. In this paper, the theory of the pre-stack impedance inversion, the application conditions and the key steps are discussed. A field case study targeted at the turbidite sands in the Dongying formation of the J area is provided, showing that the far angle elastic impedance derived is quite sensitive to sand gas. Cross plots between near angle and far angle elastic impedances can discern the gas sands with high resolution and reliability.
The post stack inversion can't obtain reliable lithologic information and liquid content. With the increasing demand for higher precision and resolution of oil and gas prospecting, pre-stack techniques including elastic impedance inversion are among the promising ones for solving the problem. In this paper, the theory of the pre-stack impedance inversion, the application conditions and the key steps are discussed. A field case study targeted at the turbidite sands in the Dongying formation of the J area is provided, showing that the far angle elastic impedance derived is quite sensitive to sand gas. Cross plots between near angle and far angle elastic impedances can discern the gas sands with high resolution and reliability.
引文
[1] 张宏兵,杨长春,尚作萍.基于软约束模式的波阻抗反演[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3) :837-844． Zhang H B,Yang C C,Shang Z P.Impedance inversion with soft constrained mode [J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese).2006,21(3) :837-844．
[2] 张宏兵,尚作萍,杨长春,段秋梁.波阻抗反演正则参数估计[J].地球物理学报,2005． 48(1) :181-188． Zhang H B,Shang Z P,Yang C C,Duan Q L.Estimation of regular parameters for the impedance inversion[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(1) : 181-188．
[3] Connolly P.Elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18(4) : 438-452．
[4] 甘利灯,等.弹性阻抗在岩性与流体预测中的潜力分析[J].石油物探,2005,44(5) :504-508． Gan L D,et al.The potential analysis of elastic impedance in the lithology and fluid prediction[J].GPP,2005,44 (5) : 504-508．
[5] Guillaume C.AVO inversion and elastic impedance[J].SEG Expanded Abstracts,2000) ,19: 142 .
[6] Mallick S,Western G,Houston T.U.S.AVO and elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,2001,1094-1104．
[7] Mallick S,et al.Hybrid seismic inversion: A reconnaissance exploration tool [J].1999,SEG Expanded Abstracts.
[8] Mallick S,Huang X,Lauve J,Ahmad R.Hybrid seismic inversion : a reconnaissance tool for deepwater exploration [J].The Leading Edge,2000,1230-1237．
[9] 彭真明,李亚林,巫盛洪,等.碳酸盐岩储层多角度弹性阻抗流体识别方法[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3) :881-885． Peng Z M,Li Y L,Wu S H,et al.Discriminating gas and water using multi-angle extended elastic impedance inversion in carbonate reservoirs [J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese), 2008,51(3) :881-885．
[10] 王保丽,印兴耀,等.弹性阻抗反演及应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2005． 20(1) :89-92． Wang B L,Yin X Y,et al.Elastic impedance inversion and its application [J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2005,20(1) :89-92．
[11] 王保丽,印兴耀,等.基于Gray近似的弹性波阻抗方程及反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4) :435-43． Wang B L,Yin X Y,et al.Gray approximation-based elastic wave impedance equation and inversion.OGP,2007,42(4) :435-439．
[12] 王保丽,印兴耀,等.基于Fatti近似的弹性阻抗方程及反演[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1) :192-197． Wang B L,Yin X Y,et al.Elastic impedance equation based on Fatti approximation and inversion [J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2008,23(1) :192-197．
[13] Whitcombe D N.Elastic impedance normalization [J].Geophysics,2002,67: 60-62．
[14] Bruce V,et al.Elastic impedance inversion.Expanded Abstracts of70th SEG Mtg,2000,1580-1582．
[15] 马劲风.地震勘探中广义弹性阻抗的正反演[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(3) :118-124． Ma J F.Forward modeling and inversion method of generalized elastic impedance in seismic exploration [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46 (3) : 118-124．
[16] Ma J F,Morozov I B.Fluid detection study from Zoeppritz elastic impedance,75th Annual Internat.Mtg.Soc.ExplGeophys.Expanded Abstracts.2006．
[17] 许升辉,马劲风.波阻抗反演中多井条件下的子波提取方法[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(4) :623-627． Xu S H,Ma J F.Wavelet extraction method of wave impedance inverse with muhi-well restriction[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2003,18(4) :62-627．
[18] 倪逸.弹性波阻抗计算的一种新方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(2) :147-150,155． Ni Y.A new method for calculation of elastic wave impedance[J].OGP,2003,38(2) : 147-150,155．
[19] 陈建江,印兴耀.基于贝叶斯理论的AVO三参数波形反演[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4) :1251-1260． Chen J J,Yin X Y.Three-parameter AVO waveform inversion based on Bayesian theorem [J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese) ,2007,50(4) :1251-1260．
[20] 杨培杰.印兴耀.非线性二次规划贝叶斯叠前反演[J].地球物理学报,2008,(06) :1876-1882． Yang P J,Yin X Y.Non-linear quadratic programming Bayesian prestack inversion [J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(6) :1876-188．
[21] 黄伟传,杨长春.王彦飞.利用叠前地震数据预测裂缝储层的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,(05) :1602-1606． Huang W C,Yang C C,Wang Y F.The application of pre-stack seismic data in predicting the fractured reservoir[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2007,(05) :1602-1606．
[22] 蒋鸿亮,陈湛文.陈小宏.高分辨率AVO反演技术研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006． 21(2) :478-482． Jiang H L,Chen Z W,Chen X W.High Resolution Research of AVO Inversion Technique[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2006,21(2) :478-482．
[23] 苑书金,于常青.各向异性介质中的弹性阻抗及其反演[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2) :520-523． Yuan S J.Elastic impedance and seismic inversion in anisotropic media[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2006,21(2) :520-523．
[24] 张奎,倪逸.三种弹性波阻抗公式比较[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(增刊):7-11． Zhang K,Ni Y.Comparison among three elastic wave impedances formulas[J].OGP,2006,41 (Supplement) : 7-10．
[25] Ostrander W J.Plane-wave reflection coefficients for gas sands at non-normal angles of incidence [J].Geophysics,1984,49(10) : 1637-1648．
[26] Jan L F,George C S,Peter J V,Peter J S,Philip R L.Detection of gas in sandstone reservoirs using AVO analysis:A 3-D seismic case history using the Geostack technique [J].Geophysics,1994,59(9: 1362-1376．
[27] Shuey R T.A simplification of the Zoeppritz equations [J]·Geophysics,1985,50 (4) : 160-197．
[2] 张宏兵,尚作萍,杨长春,段秋梁.波阻抗反演正则参数估计[J].地球物理学报,2005． 48(1) :181-188． Zhang H B,Shang Z P,Yang C C,Duan Q L.Estimation of regular parameters for the impedance inversion[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(1) : 181-188．
[3] Connolly P.Elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18(4) : 438-452．
[4] 甘利灯,等.弹性阻抗在岩性与流体预测中的潜力分析[J].石油物探,2005,44(5) :504-508． Gan L D,et al.The potential analysis of elastic impedance in the lithology and fluid prediction[J].GPP,2005,44 (5) : 504-508．
[5] Guillaume C.AVO inversion and elastic impedance[J].SEG Expanded Abstracts,2000) ,19: 142 .
[6] Mallick S,Western G,Houston T.U.S.AVO and elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,2001,1094-1104．
[7] Mallick S,et al.Hybrid seismic inversion: A reconnaissance exploration tool [J].1999,SEG Expanded Abstracts.
[8] Mallick S,Huang X,Lauve J,Ahmad R.Hybrid seismic inversion : a reconnaissance tool for deepwater exploration [J].The Leading Edge,2000,1230-1237．
[9] 彭真明,李亚林,巫盛洪,等.碳酸盐岩储层多角度弹性阻抗流体识别方法[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3) :881-885． Peng Z M,Li Y L,Wu S H,et al.Discriminating gas and water using multi-angle extended elastic impedance inversion in carbonate reservoirs [J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese), 2008,51(3) :881-885．
[10] 王保丽,印兴耀,等.弹性阻抗反演及应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2005． 20(1) :89-92． Wang B L,Yin X Y,et al.Elastic impedance inversion and its application [J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2005,20(1) :89-92．
[11] 王保丽,印兴耀,等.基于Gray近似的弹性波阻抗方程及反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4) :435-43． Wang B L,Yin X Y,et al.Gray approximation-based elastic wave impedance equation and inversion.OGP,2007,42(4) :435-439．
[12] 王保丽,印兴耀,等.基于Fatti近似的弹性阻抗方程及反演[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1) :192-197． Wang B L,Yin X Y,et al.Elastic impedance equation based on Fatti approximation and inversion [J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2008,23(1) :192-197．
[13] Whitcombe D N.Elastic impedance normalization [J].Geophysics,2002,67: 60-62．
[14] Bruce V,et al.Elastic impedance inversion.Expanded Abstracts of70th SEG Mtg,2000,1580-1582．
[15] 马劲风.地震勘探中广义弹性阻抗的正反演[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(3) :118-124． Ma J F.Forward modeling and inversion method of generalized elastic impedance in seismic exploration [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46 (3) : 118-124．
[16] Ma J F,Morozov I B.Fluid detection study from Zoeppritz elastic impedance,75th Annual Internat.Mtg.Soc.ExplGeophys.Expanded Abstracts.2006．
[17] 许升辉,马劲风.波阻抗反演中多井条件下的子波提取方法[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(4) :623-627． Xu S H,Ma J F.Wavelet extraction method of wave impedance inverse with muhi-well restriction[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2003,18(4) :62-627．
[18] 倪逸.弹性波阻抗计算的一种新方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(2) :147-150,155． Ni Y.A new method for calculation of elastic wave impedance[J].OGP,2003,38(2) : 147-150,155．
[19] 陈建江,印兴耀.基于贝叶斯理论的AVO三参数波形反演[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4) :1251-1260． Chen J J,Yin X Y.Three-parameter AVO waveform inversion based on Bayesian theorem [J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese) ,2007,50(4) :1251-1260．
[20] 杨培杰.印兴耀.非线性二次规划贝叶斯叠前反演[J].地球物理学报,2008,(06) :1876-1882． Yang P J,Yin X Y.Non-linear quadratic programming Bayesian prestack inversion [J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(6) :1876-188．
[21] 黄伟传,杨长春.王彦飞.利用叠前地震数据预测裂缝储层的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,(05) :1602-1606． Huang W C,Yang C C,Wang Y F.The application of pre-stack seismic data in predicting the fractured reservoir[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2007,(05) :1602-1606．
[22] 蒋鸿亮,陈湛文.陈小宏.高分辨率AVO反演技术研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006． 21(2) :478-482． Jiang H L,Chen Z W,Chen X W.High Resolution Research of AVO Inversion Technique[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2006,21(2) :478-482．
[23] 苑书金,于常青.各向异性介质中的弹性阻抗及其反演[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2) :520-523． Yuan S J.Elastic impedance and seismic inversion in anisotropic media[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2006,21(2) :520-523．
[24] 张奎,倪逸.三种弹性波阻抗公式比较[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(增刊):7-11． Zhang K,Ni Y.Comparison among three elastic wave impedances formulas[J].OGP,2006,41 (Supplement) : 7-10．
[25] Ostrander W J.Plane-wave reflection coefficients for gas sands at non-normal angles of incidence [J].Geophysics,1984,49(10) : 1637-1648．
[26] Jan L F,George C S,Peter J V,Peter J S,Philip R L.Detection of gas in sandstone reservoirs using AVO analysis:A 3-D seismic case history using the Geostack technique [J].Geophysics,1994,59(9: 1362-1376．
[27] Shuey R T.A simplification of the Zoeppritz equations [J]·Geophysics,1985,50 (4) : 160-197．
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