太原晋阳西山大佛松动岩体边坡地震稳定性研究
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摘要
根据太原晋阳西山大佛所处的地形地貌、地质构造、气象水文条件和场地工程地质条件,分析影响大佛边坡岩体稳定性的主要因素,建立大佛松动岩体边坡稳定性分析概化模型,提出大佛边坡岩体所处的主要工况类型。运用拟静力法和极限平衡法分析地震和降雨多种工况组合条件下大佛松动岩体边坡的顺层抗滑动稳定性和抗倾覆稳定性。分析结果表明,单独在地震荷载作用下,大佛陡崖岩体不会发生顺岩层的滑动破坏;但是在排水不畅条件下松动岩体裂隙充水对大佛陡崖边坡的抗滑稳定性会有非常大的影响;在裂隙水压力和水平地震力联合作用下,大佛陡崖不能保持稳定;在地震荷载作用下,大佛陡崖松动岩体存在向外倾覆崩落的危险。这些研究结果可为大佛松动岩体的加固整修提供依据,并可为类似石质文物边坡稳定性分析提供借鉴。
Jinyang west mountain Grand Buddha,with significant value of culture and history,was excavated in the Permian sand rock mass on a steep slope 1 400 years ago.At present,the steep slope of the Grand Buddha is in a dangerous situation because of its broken and loosened rock mass.According to the conditions of topography,geological structure,climate,hydrology and engineering geology,the main factors influencing the slope stability of the Grand Buddha rock mass are discussed;the generalized model of the slope for stability analysis is set up,and the main working situations of the slope are put forward.By pseudostatic and limit equilibrium analysis,anti-slip and anti-overturning stability of the steep slope with broken and loosened rock mass under the main working situations affected by earthquake and rainfall are analyzed.The analytical results show that the bedding slide of the rock mass on the steep slope will not occur if there is only seismic load acting on.However,the water filling in the cracks of the loosened rock mass will greatly weaken the anti-slip and anti-overturning stability of the slope;the steep slope will not keep stable under water pressure and horizontal seismic force.Moreover,the loosened rock mass of the steep slope has the overturn risk under seismic load.These results offer a base for the mending of the broken and loosened rock mass of the Grand Buddha,and can also be a reference to the stability analysis of similar lithoid cultural relics.
Jinyang west mountain Grand Buddha,with significant value of culture and history,was excavated in the Permian sand rock mass on a steep slope 1 400 years ago.At present,the steep slope of the Grand Buddha is in a dangerous situation because of its broken and loosened rock mass.According to the conditions of topography,geological structure,climate,hydrology and engineering geology,the main factors influencing the slope stability of the Grand Buddha rock mass are discussed;the generalized model of the slope for stability analysis is set up,and the main working situations of the slope are put forward.By pseudostatic and limit equilibrium analysis,anti-slip and anti-overturning stability of the steep slope with broken and loosened rock mass under the main working situations affected by earthquake and rainfall are analyzed.The analytical results show that the bedding slide of the rock mass on the steep slope will not occur if there is only seismic load acting on.However,the water filling in the cracks of the loosened rock mass will greatly weaken the anti-slip and anti-overturning stability of the slope;the steep slope will not keep stable under water pressure and horizontal seismic force.Moreover,the loosened rock mass of the steep slope has the overturn risk under seismic load.These results offer a base for the mending of the broken and loosened rock mass of the Grand Buddha,and can also be a reference to the stability analysis of similar lithoid cultural relics.
引文
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[14]汪益敏,陈页开,韩大建,等.降雨入渗对边坡稳定影响的实例分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(6):920–924.(WANG Yimin,CHEN Yekai,HAN Dajian,et al.Case study on influence of rainfall permeation on slope stability[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(6):920–924.(in Chinese))
[15]陈蜀俊,党晓英,曾心传,等.奉节长江大桥北岸边坡在地震荷载作用下的稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(4):657–662.(CHEN Shujun,DANG Xiaoying,ZENG Xinchuan,et al.Seismic stability analysis of slope at north bank of Fengjie Changjiang River Bridge[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(4):657–662.(in Chinese))
[16]刘立平,雷尊宇,周富春.地震边坡稳定分析方法综述[J].重庆交通学院学报,2001,20(3):83–88.(LIU Liping,LEI Zunyu,ZHOU Fuchun.The evaluation of seismic slope stability analysis methods[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University,2001,20(3):83–88.(in Chinese))
[2]周骏一.乐山大佛基岩酸雨影响评价及防治对策[J].乐山师范学院学报,2004,19(2):107–110.(ZHOU Junyi.World cultural,natural heritage—the comment and countermeasures on the influence of acid rain on the basic rock of Grand Buddha[J].Journal of Leshan Teachers College,2004,19(2):107–110.(in Chinese))
[3]祁生文,伍法权,刘春玲,等.地震边坡稳定性的工程地质分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2 792–2 797.(QI Shengwen,WU Faquan,LIU Chunling,et al.Engineering geology analysis on stability of slope under earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(16):2 792–2 797.(in Chinese))
[4]蒋溥,戴丽思.工程地震学概论[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.(JIANG Pu,DAI Lisi.Introduction to engineering earthquake[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1993.(in Chinese))
[5]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB 50021–2001岩土工程勘察规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.GB 50021–2001 Code for investigation geotechnical engineering[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[6]山西省地质矿产局第三水文地质工程地质队.中华人民共和国太原市灾害地质图(1∶100 000)说明书[R].晋中:山西省地质矿产局第三水文地质工程地质队,1987.(The Third Hydrogeology Engineering Team of Shanxi Geological and Mineral Bureau.Instruction book of geological disaster map of Taiyuan,PRC(scale:1∶100 000)[R].Jinzhong:The Third Hydrogeology Engineering Team of Shanxi Geological and Mineral Bureau,1987.(in Chinese))
[7]山西省地质矿产局区域地质调查大队.中华人民共和国太原市地质构造图(1∶10 000)说明书[R].晋中:山西省地质矿产局区域地质调查大队,1986.(Regional Geological Investigation Team of Shanxi Geological and Mineral Bureau.Instruction book of geological structure map of Taiyuan,PRC(scale:1∶100 000)[R].Jinzhong:Regional Geological Investigation Team of Shanxi Geological and Mineral Bureau,1986.(in Chinese))
[8]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB 50011–2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.GB 50011–2001 Code for aseismatic design of building[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[9]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB 50218–94工程岩体分级标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1995.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.GB 50218–94 Standard for engineering classification of rock masses[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,1995.(in Chinese))
[10]陶连金,苏生瑞,张倬元.节理边坡动力稳定性分析[J].工程地质学报,2001,9(1):32–38.(TAO Lianjin,SU Shengrui,ZHANG Zhuoyuan.Dynamic stability analysis of jointed rock slope[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2001,9(1):32–38.(in Chinese))
[11]田华.影响边坡稳定的因素分析[J].山西水利,2004,(6):63.(TIAN Hua.Analysis of factors influencing slope stability[J].Shanxi Water Resources,2004,(6):63.(in Chinese))
[12]山西省地质矿产局区域地质调查队.中华人民共和国太原市地质图(1∶50000)说明书[R].晋中:山西省地质矿产局区域地质调查队,1986.(Regional Geological Investigation Team of Shanxi Geological and Mineral Bureau.Instruction book of geological map of Taiyuan,PRC(scale:1∶50000)[R].Jinzhong:Regional Geological Investigation Team of Shanxi Geological and Mineral Bureau,1986.(in Chinese))
[13]何满潮,姚爱军,鹿粗,等.边坡岩体水力学作用的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(6):662–666.(HE Manchao,YAO Aijun,LU Cu,et al.Study on mechanical function of underground water in slope rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(6):662–666.(in Chinese))
[14]汪益敏,陈页开,韩大建,等.降雨入渗对边坡稳定影响的实例分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(6):920–924.(WANG Yimin,CHEN Yekai,HAN Dajian,et al.Case study on influence of rainfall permeation on slope stability[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(6):920–924.(in Chinese))
[15]陈蜀俊,党晓英,曾心传,等.奉节长江大桥北岸边坡在地震荷载作用下的稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(4):657–662.(CHEN Shujun,DANG Xiaoying,ZENG Xinchuan,et al.Seismic stability analysis of slope at north bank of Fengjie Changjiang River Bridge[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(4):657–662.(in Chinese))
[16]刘立平,雷尊宇,周富春.地震边坡稳定分析方法综述[J].重庆交通学院学报,2001,20(3):83–88.(LIU Liping,LEI Zunyu,ZHOU Fuchun.The evaluation of seismic slope stability analysis methods[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University,2001,20(3):83–88.(in Chinese))
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