引文
Agosta F and Kirschner D L,2003,Fluid conduits in carbonate-hosted seismogenic normal faults of central Italy,J Geophys Res,108(B4),2221.
Agosta F,Mulch A,Chamberlain P et al,2008,Geochemical traces of CO2-rich fluid flow along normal faults in central Italy,Geophysical Journal International,174(2),758~770.
Agosta F,Prasad M and Aydin A,2007,Physical properties of carbonate fault rocks,fucino basin(Central Italy):implicationsfor fault seal in platform carbonates,Geofluids,7(1),19~32.
Andrews D J,2002,A fault constitutive relation accounting for thermal pressurization of pore fluid,J Geophys Res,doi:107(B12),ESE15-1~ESE15-8.
Angerer E,Crampin S,Li X Y et al,2002,Processing,modelling and predicting time-lapse effects of overpressured fluid-injection in a fractured reservoir,Geophysical Journal International,149(2),268~281.
Antonioli A,Piccinini D,Chiaraluce L et al,2005,Fluid flow and seismicity pattern:Evidence from the1997Umbria-Marche(central Italy)seismic sequence,Geophys Res Lett,32(L10311).
Becken M,Ritter O,Park S K et al,2008,A deep crustal fluid channel into the San Andreas Fault system near Parkfield,California,Geophysical Journal International,173(2),718~732.
Blanpied M L,Lockner D A and Byerlee J D,1995,Frictional slip of granite at hydrothermal conditions,J Geophys Res,100(B7),13045~13064.
Boero M,Terakura K,Ikeshoji T et al,2000,Hydrogen Bonding and Dipole Moment of Water at Supercritical Conditions:AFirst-Principles Molecular Dynamics Study,Physical Review Letters,85(15),3245.
Brodsky E and Kanamori H,2001,Elastohydrodynamic lubrication of faults,J Geophys Res,106(B8),16357~16374.
Brodsky E E,Rowe C D,Meneghini F et al,2009,A geological fingerprint of low-viscosity fault fluids mobilized during anearthquake,J Geophys Res,114(B1),1~14.
Brune J,Henyey T and Roy R,1969,Heat Flow,Stress,and Rate of Slip along the San Andreas Fault,California,J GeophysRes,74(15),3821~3827.
Byerlee J,1990,Friction,overpressure and fault normal compression,Geophys Res Lett,17(12),2109~2112.
Byerlee J,1993,Model for episodic flow of high-pressure water in fault zones before earthquakes,Geology,21(4),303~306.
Camfield P A et al,1989,Electromagnetic sounding and crustal electrical conductivity in the region of the Wopmay Orogen,Northwest Territories,Canada,Can J Earth Sci,26(11),2385~2395.
Chavarria J A,Malin P,Catchings R D et al,2003,A Look Inside the San Andreas fault at Parkfield Through Vertical SeismicProfiling,Science,302(5651),1746~1748.
Chen C C,Chi S C,Chen C S et al,2007,Electrical structures of the source area of the1999Chi-Chi,Taiwan,earthquake:Spatial correlation between crustal conductors and aftershocks,Tectonophysics,443(3~4),280~288.
Chiarabba C,Gori P D and Boschi E,2009,Pore-pressure migration along a normal-fault system resolved by time-repeated seismictomography,Geology,37(1),67~70.
Crampin S,Evans R,Ucer B et al,1980,Observations of dilatancy-induced polarization anomalies and earthquake prediction,Nature,286(5776),874~877.
Crampin S and Zatsepin S V,1997,Modelling the compliance of crustal rock:II.-Response to temporal changes beforeearthquakes,Geophysical Journal International,129(3),495~506.
Crampin S,Volti T,Chastin S et al,2002,Indication of high pore-fluid pressures in a seismically-active fault zone,GeophysicalJournal International,151(2),1~5.
d'Alessio M A,Williams C F and Bürgmann R,2006,Frictional strength heterogeneity and surface heat flow:Implications for thestrength of the creeping San Andreas fault,J Geophys Res,111(B5),1~15.
Doan M L,Brodsky E E,Kano Y et al,2006,In situ measurement of the hydraulic diffusivity of the active Chelungpu Fault,Taiwan,Geophys Res Lett,33(16),1~5.
Dvorkin J,Mavko G and Nur A,1999,Overpressure Detection from Compressional-and Shear-Wave data,Geophys Res Lett,26(22),3417~3420.
Evans J P,Forster C B and Goddard J V,1997,Permeability of fault-related rocks,and implications for hydraulic structure offault zones,Journal of Structural Geology,19(11),1393~1404.
Forneris J F and Holloway J R,2003,Phase equilibria in subducting basaltic crust:implications for H2O release from the slab,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,214(1~2),187~201.
Frost B R,Fyfe WS,Tazaki K et al,1989,Grain-boundary graphite in rocks and implications for high electrical conductivity inthe lower crust,Nature,340(6229),134~136.
Fulton P M,Saffer D M,Harris R N et al,2004,Re-evaluation of heat flow data near Parkfield,CA:Evidence for a weak SanAndreas Fault,Geophys Res Lett,31(15),1~4.
Glover P W J and Vine F J,1992,Electrical conductivity of carbon-bearing granulite at raised temperatures and pressures,Nature,360(6406),723~726.
Gunasekera R C,Foulger G R and Julian B R,2003,Reservoir depletion at The Geysers geothermal area,California,shown byfour-dimensional seismic tomography,J Geophys Res,108(B3),2134.
Hardebeck J L and Hauksson E,1999,Role of Fluids in Faulting Inferred from Stress Field Signatures,Science,285(5425),236~239.
Hickman S,Sibson R and Bruhn R,1995,Introduction to special section:Mechanical involvement of fluids in faulting,JGeophys Res,100(B7),12831~12840.
Hickman S and Zoback M,2004,Stress orientations and magnitudes in the SAFOD pilot hole,Geophys Res Lett,31(15),1~4.
Hyndman R D,Vanyan L L,Marquis G et al,1993,The origin of electrically conductive lower continental crust:saline water orgraphite?Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,81(1~4),325~345.
Ji C,Helmberger D V,Wald D J et al,2003,Slip history and dynamic implications of the1999Chi-Chi,Taiwan,earthquake,J Geophys Res,108(B9),2412.
Kanamori H and Heaton T H,2000,Microscopic and Macroscopic Physics of Earthquakes,Geophysical Monograph,120,147~164.
Kanamori H and Brodsky E E,2004,The physics of earthquakes,Reports on Progress in Physics,67(8),1435~1441.
Kano Y,Mori J,Ito H et al,2006,Heat signature on the Chelungpu fault associated with the1999Chi-Chi,Taiwan earthquake,Geophys Res Lett,33(14),1~4.
Karato S,1990,The role of hydrogen in the electrical conductivity of the upper mantle,Nature,347(6290),272~273.
Katsube T J and Mareschal M,1993,Petrophysical Model of Deep Electrical Conductors:Graphite Lining as a Source and ItsDisconnection Due to Uplift,J Geophys Res,98(B5),8019~8030.
Kennedy B M et al,1997,Mantle Fluids in the San Andreas Fault System,California,Science,278(5341),1278~1281.
Kerrich R,Tour T L and Willmore L,1984,Fluid Participation in Deep Fault Zones:Evidence From Geological,Geochemical,and18O/16O Relations,J Geophys Res,89(B6),4331~4343.
Lachenbruch A and Sass J,1980,Heat Flow and Energetics of the San Andreas Fault Zone,J Geophys Res,85(B11),6185~6222.
Lachenbruch A and Sass J,1988,The Stress Heat-Flow Paradox and Thermal Results from Cajon Pass,Geophys Res Lett,15(9),981~984.
Lachenbruch A and Sass J,1992,Heat Flow From Cajon Pass,Fault Strength,and Tectonic Implications,J Geophys Res,97(B4),4995~5015.
Lewicki J L and Brantley S L,2000,CO2Degassing along the San Andreas Fault,Parkfield,California,Geophys Res Lett,27(1),5~8.
Lewicki J L,Evans W C,Hilley G E et al,2003,Shallow soil CO2flow along the San Andreas and Calaveras Faults,California,J Geophys Res,108(B4),2187.
Liu Y,Crampin S and Main I,1997,Shear-wave anisotropy:spatial and temporal variations in time delays at Parkfield,CentralCalifornia,Geophysical Journal International,130(3),771~785.
Lockner D,Naka H,Tanaka H et al,2000,Permeability and strength of core samples from the Nojima Fault of the1995KobeEarthquake.in Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Nojima Fault Core and Borehole Data Analysis,U.S,GeolSurv Open File Rep,00~129,147~152.
Lockner D A and Beeler N M,2002,Rock failure and earthquakes.In:W.H.K.Lee,P.Jennings,C.Kisslinger and H.Kanamori(Editors),International Handbook of Earthquake&Engineering Seismology,Part A.CA:Academic,San Diego,505~537.
Lu K,Brodsky E E and Kavehpour H P,2007,Shear-weakening of the transitional regime for granular flow,Journal of FluidMechanics,587(1),347~372.
Ma K F,Brodsky E E,Mori J et al,2003,Evidence for fault lubrication during the1999Chi-Chi,Taiwan,earthquake(MW7.6),Geophys Res Lett,30(5),1244.
Ma K F,Lee C T,Tsai Y B et al,1999,The1999ChiChi,Taiwan(ML=7.3,MW=7.7)Earthquake-Large SurfaceDisplacement on an Inland Thrust-fault,EOS Transactions,80,605~611.
Mareschal M,Fyfe W S,Percival J et al,1992,Grain-boundary graphite in Kapuskasing gneisses and implications for lower-crustal conductivity,Nature,357(6380),674~676.
Marquis G and Hyndman R D,1992,Geophysical support for aqueous fluids in the deep crust:seismic and electricalrelationships,Geophysical Journal International,110(1),91~105.
McPhee D K,Jachens R C and Wentworth C M,2004,Crustal structure across the San Andreas Fault at the SAFOD site frompotential field and geologic studies,Geophys Res Lett,31(L12S03),1~4.
Miller S A,1996,Fluid-mediated influence of adjacent thrusting on the seismic cycle at Parkfield,Nature,382(6594),799~802.
Miller S A,Collettini C,Chiaraluce L et al,2004,Aftershocks driven by a high-pressure CO2source at depth,Nature,427,724~727.
Moore D E,Lockner D A,Shengli M et al,1997,Strengths of serpentinite gouges at elevated temperatures,J Geophys Res,102(B7),14787~14801.
Moore D E and Rymer M J,2007,Talc-bearing serpentinite and the creeping section of the San Andreas fault,Nature,448(7155),795~797.
Nur A,1972,Dilatancy,pore fluids,and premonitory variations of ts/tp travel times,Bulletin of the Seismological Society ofAmerica,62(5),1217~1222.
O'Connell R J and Budiansky B,1974,Seismic Velocities in Dry and Saturated Cracked Solids,J Geophys Res,79(35),5412~5426.
Padhy S and Crampin S,2006,High pore-fluid pressures at Bhuj,inferred from90-flips in shear-wave polarizations,GeophysicalJournal International,164(2),370~376.
PatanèD,Barberi G,Cocina O et al,2006,Time-resolved seismic tomography detects magma intrusions at Mt.Etna,Science,313,821~823.
Peacock S A,1990,Fluid Processes in Subduction Zones,Science,248(4953),329~337.
Peacock S,Crampin S,Booth D C et al,1988,Shear Wave Splitting in the Anza Seismic Gap,Southern California:TemporalVariations as Possible Precursors,J Geophys Res,93(B4),3339~3356.
Poliakoff M and King P,2001,Phenomenal fluids,Nature,412(6843),125~125.
Prejean S G and Ellsworth W L,2001,Observation of earthquake source parameters and attenuation at2km depth in the LongValley Caldera,Eastern California,Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,91,165~177.
Rice J R,1992,Fault stress states,pore pressure redistributions,and the weakness of the San Andreas fault.In:B.Evans andT.-F.Wong(Editors),Fault Mechanics and Transport Properties of Rock.Academic Press,London,pp.476~503.
Rice J R,2006,Heating and weakening of faults during earthquake slip,J Geophys Res,111(B5),1~29.
Saffer D M,Bekins B A and Hickman S,2003,Topographically driven groundwater flow and the San Andreas heat flow paradoxrevisited,J Geophys Res,108(B5),ETG12-1~ETG12-14.
Sagy A and Brodsky E E,2009,Geometric and rheological asperities in an exposed fault zone,J Geophys Res,114(B2),1~15.
Scholz C H,2000,Evidence for a strong San Andreas fault,Geology,28(2),163~166.
Scholz C H,2002,The debate on the strength of crustal fault zones,In:The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting,CambridgeUniv Press,New York,158~167pp.
Sibson R H,1981,Controls on low-stress hydro-fracture dilatancy in thrust,wrench and normal fault terrains,Nature,289(5799),665~667.
Sibson R H,1990,Rupture nucleation on unfavorably oriented faults,Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,80(6A),1580~1604.
Simpson R W,Jachens R C and Wentworth C M,1988,Average topography,isostatic residual gravity,and aeromagnetic maps ofthe Parkfield region,California.U.S.Geol Surv Open File Rep,13.
Sibson R H,2002,Geology of the crustal earthquake source.In:W.H.K.Lee,P.Jennings,C.Kisslinger and H.Kanamori(Editors),International Handbook of Earthquake&Engineering Seismology,Part A.CA:Academic,San Diego,455~470.
Sirbescu M L C and Nabelek P I,2003,Crustal melts below400℃,Geology,31(8),685~688.
Spikes H,1997,Mixed lubrication——an overview,Lubric Sci,(9),221~253.
Spray J G,2005,Evidence for melt lubrication during large earthquakes,Geophys Res Lett,32(L07301),doi:10.1029/2004GL022293.
Tanaka H,2006,Frictional heat from faulting of the1999Chi-Chi,Taiwan earthquake,Geophys Res Lett,33(16),1~5.
Tatsumi Y,1989,Migration of fluid phases and genesis of basalt magmas in subduction zones,J Geophys Res,94(B4),4697~4707.
Terada T,1930,On the heat generated by the deformation of the earth crust,Bull Earthquake Res Inst Univ,Tokyo,377~383pp.
Tsutsumi A,2004,Principal fault zone width and permeability of the active Neodani fault,Nobi fault system,Southwest Japan,Tectonophysics,379(1~4),93~108.
Uehara S I and Shimamoto T,2004,Gas permeability evolution of cataclasite and fault gouge in triaxial compression andimplications for changes in fault-zone permeability structure through the earthquake cycle,Tectonophysics,378(3~4),183~195.
Ulmer P and Trommsdorff V,1995,Serpentine Stability to Mantle Depths and Subduction-Related Magmatism,Science,268(5212),858~861.
Unsworth M J,Malin P E,Egbert G D et al,1997,Internal structure of the San Andreas fault at Parkfield,California,Geology,25(4),359~362.
Vredevoogd M A,Oglesby D D and Park S K,2007,Fluid pressurization due to frictional heating on a fault at a permeabilitycontrast,Geophys Res Lett,34(L18304).
Wang C Y,1984,On the constitution of the San Andreas fault,J Geophys Res,89,58~66.
Wang J H,2002,A Dynamic Study of Two One-State-Variable,Rate-Dependent,and State-Dependent Friction Laws,Bulletin ofthe Seismological Society of America,92(2),687~694.
Wang J H,2006,Energy release and heat generation during the1999MS7.6Chi-Chi,Taiwan,earthquake,J Geophys Res,111(B11312),doi:10.1029/2005JB004018.
White D E,Barnes I and O'Neil J R,1973,Thermal and Mineral Waters of Nonmeteoric Origin,California Coast Ranges,Geological Society of America Bulletin,84(2),547~560.
Wibberley C A J and Shimamoto T,2005,Earthquake slip weakening and asperities explained by thermal pressurization,Nature,436(7051),689~692.
Wiersberg T and Erzinger J,2007,A helium isotope cross-section study through the San Andreas Fault at seismogenic depths,Geochem Geophys Geosyst,8(Q01002).
Williams C F and Narasimhan T N,1989,Hydrogeologic constraints on heat flow along the San Andreas fault:a testing ofhypotheses,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,92(2),131~143.
Wilson B,Dewers T,Reches Z E et al,2005,Particle size and energetics of gouge from earthquake rupture zones,Nature,434(7034),749~752.
Zatsepin S V and Crampin S,1997,Modelling the compliance of crustal rock:I-Response of shear-wave splitting to differentialstress,Geophysical Journal International,129(3),477~494.
Zhao D,Kanamori H,Negishi H et al,1996,Tomography of the Source Area of the1995Kobe Earthquake:Evidence for Fluidsat the Hypocenter?Science,274(5294),1891~1894.
Zoback M,Hickman S and Ellsworth W,2006,Structure and properties of the San Andreas fault in central California:preliminaryresults from the SAFOD experiment,Geophys Res Abstracts,8:EGU.
Zoback M D,Zoback M L,Mount V S et al,1987,New Evidence on the State of Stress of the San Andreas Fault System,Science,238(4830),1105~1111.