活动构造研究及其应用——谨以此文深切悼念先师陈国达院士
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摘要
活动构造反映的是现代构造活动,与地震及多种地质灾害密切相关,是地震预测、减灾及城市和工程安全评价工作的重要基础,也是研究现代地球动力学的重要基础资料。断裂分段及其长度,滑动速率,同震位移,古地震及重复间隔,最近一次事件至今的离逝时间是活动构造的基本定量参数。立足于这些定量参数,可以进一步开展活动构造地震危险性和未来断裂错动量和构造变形量的评价,并进行现代构造运动学和动力学理论研究。
Active tectonics results from recent tectonic deformation and is closely linked to earthquake and other geological disasters. It is therefore an essential base for earthquake disaster reduction, seismic hazard evaluation of major cities, and seismic safety assessments of major engineering. It also provides important data to geodynamic studies. The quantitative parameters provided by active tectonic studies include fault segmentation and segment length, fault slip rate, co-seismic displacement, paleoearthquake and recurrent interval, and the elapsed time since the last major earthquake. These parameters enable to assess future earthquake risks, future fault displacement, and magnitude of future deformation. These parameters also bear important information that can be used for theoretical studies of kenematics and dynamics of present tectonic deformation.
Active tectonics results from recent tectonic deformation and is closely linked to earthquake and other geological disasters. It is therefore an essential base for earthquake disaster reduction, seismic hazard evaluation of major cities, and seismic safety assessments of major engineering. It also provides important data to geodynamic studies. The quantitative parameters provided by active tectonic studies include fault segmentation and segment length, fault slip rate, co-seismic displacement, paleoearthquake and recurrent interval, and the elapsed time since the last major earthquake. These parameters enable to assess future earthquake risks, future fault displacement, and magnitude of future deformation. These parameters also bear important information that can be used for theoretical studies of kenematics and dynamics of present tectonic deformation.
引文
陈立春,冉勇康.2002.京西北强震复发概率模型及地震潜势定量评价.地震地质,24(1):91-100.
陈文寄,彭贵.1991.年轻地质体系的年代测定.北京:地震出版社,1-297.
陈文寄,计凤桔,王非.1999.年轻地质体系的年代测定(续)———新方法、新进展.北京:地震出版社,1-269.
邓起东,张裕明,许桂林,范福田.1979.中国构造应力场特征及其与板块运动的关系.地震地质,1(1):11-22.
邓起东.1980.中国新生代断块构造的主要特征.见:国际交流地质学术论文集———为26届国际地质大会撰写(构造地质、地质力学).北京:地质出版社,101-108.
邓起东.1984a.青藏高原活动断裂晚第四纪的运动性质和错动速率兼论青藏高原和内部次级块体的运动学特征.见:喜马拉雅地质科学国际讨论会论文摘要,119-122.
邓起东.1984b.断层性状、盆地类型及其形成机制.第五部分,断层多次错动和古地震研究.地震科学研究,6:51-59.
邓起东,汪一鹏,廖玉华,张维歧,李孟鸾.1984.断层崖崩积楔及贺兰山山前断裂全新世活动历史.科学通报,9:557-560.
邓起东,于贵华,叶文华.1992a.地震地表破裂参数与震级关系的研究.活动断裂研究,2:247-264.
邓起东,刘百篪,张培震,袁道阳.1992b.活动断裂工程安全评价和位错量的定量评估.活动断裂研究,2:236-246.
邓起东,张培震.1995.活动断裂分段研究的原则和方法(一).现代地壳运动研究,(6):196-207.
邓起东.1996.中国活动构造研究.地质论评,42(4):295-299.
邓起东,张培震,冉勇康,杨晓平,闵伟,楚全芝.2002.中国活动构造基本特征.中国科学(D辑),32(12):1020-1030.
邓起东.2002.中国活动构造研究的进展与展望.地质论评,48(2):168-177.
丁国瑜.1992.有关活断层分段的一些问题.中国地震,8(2):1-10.
丁国瑜,田勤俭,孔凡臣等.1993.活断层分段原则、方法及应用.北京:地震出版社.
国家地震局地质研究所,宁夏自治区地震局.1990.海原活动断裂带.北京:地震出版社.
冉勇康,邓起东.1999.古地震学研究的历史、现状和发展趋势.科学通报,44(1):12-20.
王彦斌,王永,李建成,詹瑜璋.2000.1999年台湾集集大地震的地表断层破裂特征.地震地质,22(2):97-103.
闻学泽.1991.活断层的定量研究与长期地震潜势的概率估计问题.活动断裂研究,1:174-183.
张培震,邓起东.1995.活动断裂分段研究的原则和方法(二).现代地壳运动研究,(6):208-215.
张培震,毛凤英.1996.活动断裂定量研究与中长期强地震危险性概率评价.活动断裂研究,5:12-31.
张培震,王琪,马宗晋.2002.青藏高原现今构造变形特征与GPS速度场.地学前缘,9(2):442-450.
ChenLichunandRanYongkang.2002.Probabilitymodelforstrongearthquakerecurrenceandquantitativeestimatesofseismicpotentialinthebasin-and-rangeprovince,northwestofBeijing.SeismologyandGeology,24(1):91-100(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
ChenWenjiandPengGui.1991.Agedatingtotheyounggeo logicalsystem.Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1-297(inChinese).
ChenWenji,JiFengjuandWangFei.1999.Agedatingtotheyounggeologicalsystem(continued)-newmethodsandprogresses.Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1-269(inChi nese).
DengQidong.1980.MaincharacteristicsofCenozoicfault-blocktectonicsinChina.In:ScientificPapersonGeologyforInternationalExchange-Preparedforthe26thInterna tionalGeologicalCongress,TectonicsandGeomechanics.Beijing:GeologicalPublisingHouse,101-108.
DengQidong.1984a.KinematicfeaturesandslipratesofLateQuaternaryactivefaultingofQinghai-Xizang(Tibet)plateauandkinematiccharacteristicsoftheplateauandsecondaryblockswithinit.In:HimalayanGeologyInterna tionalSymposiumAbstracts,Chengdu,China,70-72.
DengQidong,1984b.Thebehavioroffaultandbasintypeandtheirformationmechanism.JournalofEarthquakeStudies,(6):51-59(inChinese).
DengQidong,WangYipeng,LiaoYuhua,ZhangWeiqiandLiMengluan.1984.ColluvialwedgesoffaultscarpandthehistoryoftheHoloceneactivityofHelanshanrange-frontfault.ChineseScienceBulletin,(9):557-560(inChi nese).
DengQidong,YuGuihuaandYeWenhua.1992a.Relationshipbetweenearthquakemagnitudeandparametersofsurfaceruptureassociatedwithhistoricalearthquakes.ResearchonActiveFault,2:247-261(inChinesewithEnglishab stract).
DengQidong,LiuBaichi,ZhangPeizhenandYunDaoyang.1992b.Researchofactivefaultinevaluatingengineeringsafetyandassessingamountofdisplacement.ResearchonActiveFault,2:236-246(inChinesewithEnglishab stract).
DengQidongandZhangPeizhen.1995.Principlesandmethodsforstudyofsegmentationofactivefaults(1).ResearchonRecentCrustalMovement,(6):196-207(inChinese).
DengQidong.1996.ActivetectonicsinChina.GeologicalRe view,42(4):295-299(inChinesewithEnglishab stract).
DingGuoyu.1992.Someproblemsonsegmentationofactivefaults.EarthquakeResearchinChina,8(2):1-10(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
DingGuoyu,TianQinjian,KongFanchen,XieXiaofeng,ZhangLirenandWangLiping.1993.Principlesandmeth odsforsegmentationofactivefaultsandtheirapplications.Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1-143(inChinese).
EnglandPandHousemanGA.1986.Finitestraincalculationsofcontinentaldeformation,2,ComparisonwiththeIndia-Asiacollision.JGeophysRes,91:3664-3667.
HousemanGAandEnglandP.1993.CrustalthickeningversuslateralexpulsionintheIndia-Asiancontinentalcollision.JGeophysRes,98:12233-12249.
InstituteofGeology,ChinaSeismologicalBureauandSeismolog icalBureauofNingxiaHuiAutonomousRegion.1990.TheHaiyuanactivefault.Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1-286(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
LarsonKM,BurgmannR,BilhamRetal.1999.KinematicoftheIndia-EurasiacollisionzonefromGPSmeasurements.JGeophysRes,104:1077-1093.
LaveJandAvouacJP.2000.ActivefoldingoffluvialterracesarosstheSiwalikesHills,HimalayasofcentralNepal.JGeophysRes,105:5735-5770.
MolnarPandTapponnierP.1975.CenozoictectonicsofAsia:effectofacontinentalcollision.Science,189:419-426.
MolnarP.1988.Continentaltectonicsintheaftermathofplatetectonics.Nature,335:131-137.
PeltzerGandTapponnierP.1988.Formationandevolutionofstrike-slipfaults, riftsandbasinsduringIndia-Asiacol lision: anexperimentapproach.JGeophysRes,93:15085-15117.
RanYongkangandDengQidong.1999.History, statusandtrendabouttheresearchofpaleoseismology.ChineseSci enceBulletin,44(10):880-889.
SchwartzDPandCoppersmithKJ.1984.Faultbehaviourandcharacteristicearthquake:ExamplesfromtheWasatchandSanAndreasfaultzones.JGeophysRes,89:5681-5698.
ShenZK,ZhaoC,YinA,LiYanxingandDavidDJackson.2000.ContemporarycrustaldeformationineasternAsiaconstrainedbyglobalpositioningsystemmeasurements.JGeophysRes,105:5721-5734.
SiehKE.1978.PrehistoriclargeearthquakesproducedbyslipontheSanAndreasfaultzoneatPallettCreek,California.JGeophysRes,83:3907-3939.
TapponnierP,PeltzerG,LeDainAYandArmijoR.1982.PropagatingextrusiontectonicsinAsia:Newinsightsfromsimpleexperimentswithplasticine.Geology,10:611-616.
TengChitung,ChangYuming,HsuKweilinandFanFutian.1979.OnthetectonicstressfieldinChinaanditsrelationtoplatemovement.PhysicsoftheEarthandplanetaryInte riors,18:257-273.
WallaceRE.1970.EarthquakerecurrenceintervalsonSanAndreasfault.GeolSocAmBull,81:2875-2890.
WallaceRE.1977.Profilesandagesofyoungfaultscarps,northcentralNevada.BullGeolSocAm,88,1267-1281.
WangYanbin,WangYong,LiJianchengandZhangYuzhang.2000.Characteristicsofgroundrupturescausedbythe1999M7.3earthquakeofChi-chi,Taiwan.SeismologyandGeology,22(2):97-103(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
WenXueze.1991.Problemonquantitativestudyofactivefaultandprobabilisticestimationoflong-termseismicpoten tial.ResearchonActiveFault,(1):174-183(inChi nesewithEnglishabstract).
ZhangPeizhenandDengQidong.1995.Principlesandmethodsforstudyofsegmentationofactivefaults(2).ResearchonRecentCrustalMovement,(6):208-215(inChinese).
ZhangPeizhenandMaoFengying.1996.Activefaultingandfaultspecificprobabilisticseismichazardassessment.Re searchonActiveFault,(5):12-31(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
ZhangPeizhen,WangQiandMaZongjin.2002.GPSvelocityfieldandactivecrustaldeformationinandaroundtheQing hai-Tibetplateau.EarthScienceFrontier,9(2):442-450(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
陈文寄,彭贵.1991.年轻地质体系的年代测定.北京:地震出版社,1-297.
陈文寄,计凤桔,王非.1999.年轻地质体系的年代测定(续)———新方法、新进展.北京:地震出版社,1-269.
邓起东,张裕明,许桂林,范福田.1979.中国构造应力场特征及其与板块运动的关系.地震地质,1(1):11-22.
邓起东.1980.中国新生代断块构造的主要特征.见:国际交流地质学术论文集———为26届国际地质大会撰写(构造地质、地质力学).北京:地质出版社,101-108.
邓起东.1984a.青藏高原活动断裂晚第四纪的运动性质和错动速率兼论青藏高原和内部次级块体的运动学特征.见:喜马拉雅地质科学国际讨论会论文摘要,119-122.
邓起东.1984b.断层性状、盆地类型及其形成机制.第五部分,断层多次错动和古地震研究.地震科学研究,6:51-59.
邓起东,汪一鹏,廖玉华,张维歧,李孟鸾.1984.断层崖崩积楔及贺兰山山前断裂全新世活动历史.科学通报,9:557-560.
邓起东,于贵华,叶文华.1992a.地震地表破裂参数与震级关系的研究.活动断裂研究,2:247-264.
邓起东,刘百篪,张培震,袁道阳.1992b.活动断裂工程安全评价和位错量的定量评估.活动断裂研究,2:236-246.
邓起东,张培震.1995.活动断裂分段研究的原则和方法(一).现代地壳运动研究,(6):196-207.
邓起东.1996.中国活动构造研究.地质论评,42(4):295-299.
邓起东,张培震,冉勇康,杨晓平,闵伟,楚全芝.2002.中国活动构造基本特征.中国科学(D辑),32(12):1020-1030.
邓起东.2002.中国活动构造研究的进展与展望.地质论评,48(2):168-177.
丁国瑜.1992.有关活断层分段的一些问题.中国地震,8(2):1-10.
丁国瑜,田勤俭,孔凡臣等.1993.活断层分段原则、方法及应用.北京:地震出版社.
国家地震局地质研究所,宁夏自治区地震局.1990.海原活动断裂带.北京:地震出版社.
冉勇康,邓起东.1999.古地震学研究的历史、现状和发展趋势.科学通报,44(1):12-20.
王彦斌,王永,李建成,詹瑜璋.2000.1999年台湾集集大地震的地表断层破裂特征.地震地质,22(2):97-103.
闻学泽.1991.活断层的定量研究与长期地震潜势的概率估计问题.活动断裂研究,1:174-183.
张培震,邓起东.1995.活动断裂分段研究的原则和方法(二).现代地壳运动研究,(6):208-215.
张培震,毛凤英.1996.活动断裂定量研究与中长期强地震危险性概率评价.活动断裂研究,5:12-31.
张培震,王琪,马宗晋.2002.青藏高原现今构造变形特征与GPS速度场.地学前缘,9(2):442-450.
ChenLichunandRanYongkang.2002.Probabilitymodelforstrongearthquakerecurrenceandquantitativeestimatesofseismicpotentialinthebasin-and-rangeprovince,northwestofBeijing.SeismologyandGeology,24(1):91-100(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
ChenWenjiandPengGui.1991.Agedatingtotheyounggeo logicalsystem.Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1-297(inChinese).
ChenWenji,JiFengjuandWangFei.1999.Agedatingtotheyounggeologicalsystem(continued)-newmethodsandprogresses.Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1-269(inChi nese).
DengQidong.1980.MaincharacteristicsofCenozoicfault-blocktectonicsinChina.In:ScientificPapersonGeologyforInternationalExchange-Preparedforthe26thInterna tionalGeologicalCongress,TectonicsandGeomechanics.Beijing:GeologicalPublisingHouse,101-108.
DengQidong.1984a.KinematicfeaturesandslipratesofLateQuaternaryactivefaultingofQinghai-Xizang(Tibet)plateauandkinematiccharacteristicsoftheplateauandsecondaryblockswithinit.In:HimalayanGeologyInterna tionalSymposiumAbstracts,Chengdu,China,70-72.
DengQidong,1984b.Thebehavioroffaultandbasintypeandtheirformationmechanism.JournalofEarthquakeStudies,(6):51-59(inChinese).
DengQidong,WangYipeng,LiaoYuhua,ZhangWeiqiandLiMengluan.1984.ColluvialwedgesoffaultscarpandthehistoryoftheHoloceneactivityofHelanshanrange-frontfault.ChineseScienceBulletin,(9):557-560(inChi nese).
DengQidong,YuGuihuaandYeWenhua.1992a.Relationshipbetweenearthquakemagnitudeandparametersofsurfaceruptureassociatedwithhistoricalearthquakes.ResearchonActiveFault,2:247-261(inChinesewithEnglishab stract).
DengQidong,LiuBaichi,ZhangPeizhenandYunDaoyang.1992b.Researchofactivefaultinevaluatingengineeringsafetyandassessingamountofdisplacement.ResearchonActiveFault,2:236-246(inChinesewithEnglishab stract).
DengQidongandZhangPeizhen.1995.Principlesandmethodsforstudyofsegmentationofactivefaults(1).ResearchonRecentCrustalMovement,(6):196-207(inChinese).
DengQidong.1996.ActivetectonicsinChina.GeologicalRe view,42(4):295-299(inChinesewithEnglishab stract).
DingGuoyu.1992.Someproblemsonsegmentationofactivefaults.EarthquakeResearchinChina,8(2):1-10(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
DingGuoyu,TianQinjian,KongFanchen,XieXiaofeng,ZhangLirenandWangLiping.1993.Principlesandmeth odsforsegmentationofactivefaultsandtheirapplications.Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1-143(inChinese).
EnglandPandHousemanGA.1986.Finitestraincalculationsofcontinentaldeformation,2,ComparisonwiththeIndia-Asiacollision.JGeophysRes,91:3664-3667.
HousemanGAandEnglandP.1993.CrustalthickeningversuslateralexpulsionintheIndia-Asiancontinentalcollision.JGeophysRes,98:12233-12249.
InstituteofGeology,ChinaSeismologicalBureauandSeismolog icalBureauofNingxiaHuiAutonomousRegion.1990.TheHaiyuanactivefault.Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1-286(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
LarsonKM,BurgmannR,BilhamRetal.1999.KinematicoftheIndia-EurasiacollisionzonefromGPSmeasurements.JGeophysRes,104:1077-1093.
LaveJandAvouacJP.2000.ActivefoldingoffluvialterracesarosstheSiwalikesHills,HimalayasofcentralNepal.JGeophysRes,105:5735-5770.
MolnarPandTapponnierP.1975.CenozoictectonicsofAsia:effectofacontinentalcollision.Science,189:419-426.
MolnarP.1988.Continentaltectonicsintheaftermathofplatetectonics.Nature,335:131-137.
PeltzerGandTapponnierP.1988.Formationandevolutionofstrike-slipfaults, riftsandbasinsduringIndia-Asiacol lision: anexperimentapproach.JGeophysRes,93:15085-15117.
RanYongkangandDengQidong.1999.History, statusandtrendabouttheresearchofpaleoseismology.ChineseSci enceBulletin,44(10):880-889.
SchwartzDPandCoppersmithKJ.1984.Faultbehaviourandcharacteristicearthquake:ExamplesfromtheWasatchandSanAndreasfaultzones.JGeophysRes,89:5681-5698.
ShenZK,ZhaoC,YinA,LiYanxingandDavidDJackson.2000.ContemporarycrustaldeformationineasternAsiaconstrainedbyglobalpositioningsystemmeasurements.JGeophysRes,105:5721-5734.
SiehKE.1978.PrehistoriclargeearthquakesproducedbyslipontheSanAndreasfaultzoneatPallettCreek,California.JGeophysRes,83:3907-3939.
TapponnierP,PeltzerG,LeDainAYandArmijoR.1982.PropagatingextrusiontectonicsinAsia:Newinsightsfromsimpleexperimentswithplasticine.Geology,10:611-616.
TengChitung,ChangYuming,HsuKweilinandFanFutian.1979.OnthetectonicstressfieldinChinaanditsrelationtoplatemovement.PhysicsoftheEarthandplanetaryInte riors,18:257-273.
WallaceRE.1970.EarthquakerecurrenceintervalsonSanAndreasfault.GeolSocAmBull,81:2875-2890.
WallaceRE.1977.Profilesandagesofyoungfaultscarps,northcentralNevada.BullGeolSocAm,88,1267-1281.
WangYanbin,WangYong,LiJianchengandZhangYuzhang.2000.Characteristicsofgroundrupturescausedbythe1999M7.3earthquakeofChi-chi,Taiwan.SeismologyandGeology,22(2):97-103(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
WenXueze.1991.Problemonquantitativestudyofactivefaultandprobabilisticestimationoflong-termseismicpoten tial.ResearchonActiveFault,(1):174-183(inChi nesewithEnglishabstract).
ZhangPeizhenandDengQidong.1995.Principlesandmethodsforstudyofsegmentationofactivefaults(2).ResearchonRecentCrustalMovement,(6):208-215(inChinese).
ZhangPeizhenandMaoFengying.1996.Activefaultingandfaultspecificprobabilisticseismichazardassessment.Re searchonActiveFault,(5):12-31(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
ZhangPeizhen,WangQiandMaZongjin.2002.GPSvelocityfieldandactivecrustaldeformationinandaroundtheQing hai-Tibetplateau.EarthScienceFrontier,9(2):442-450(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
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