斜坡地震响应的物理模拟试验研究
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摘要
"5.12"汶川大地震不仅诱发了数以万计的崩滑灾害,这些灾害还表现出非常独特的动力学特征。为了研究和探索强震诱发地质灾害的成因机理,利用振动台物理模拟试验手段,系统地研究了强震作用下地震力作用方向、坡体结构、坡体形态特征等因素对斜坡变形破坏的影响规律,探讨了强震诱发斜坡失稳破坏的主要模式和过程。研究发现:地震过程中所产生的强大惯性力是导致斜坡变形破坏的主要原因。强大的水平地震惯性力,首先在斜坡坡顶产生走向垂直于地震力作用方向的竖向拉裂缝,同时带动裂缝外侧变形体沿水平方向运动,产生近水平或外倾的拉剪结构面(滑动面),最后沿此面整体失稳破坏。强震作用下,坡体中岩性及岩性组合特征、岩体中控制性结构面组合特征是影响斜坡变形破坏模式的重要因素。
Wenchuan Earthquake induced thousands of rock fall and collapses,with some unique kinetic characteristics of geohazard.In order to study the genetic mechanism of the geohazards induced by strong earthquake,the influence of the factors such as the direction of the seismic force,texture of the slope,shape characteristics of slopes,on the slope' failure and discussed the main model and process of the slope'failure under strong earthquake were investigated,by the means of shakding table model test of physical modeling.The results showed that strong inertia force formed in the process of earthquake is the main reason of the slope's distortion and failure.The strong horizontal seismic inertia force brought vertical tensional cracks which strike perpendicular to the direction of the seismic force on the top of the slope firstly.At the same time,it drived the plasmodium on the out side of the crack move along the horizontal direction,brought the tensional and shearing texture face or slip face which is horizontal or incline outside.At last the slope failed along this face.The lithology of slope and the characteristic combination of lithology,the characteristic combination of the control texture faces are the main factor of the model of slope's distortion and failure under the strong earthquake.
Wenchuan Earthquake induced thousands of rock fall and collapses,with some unique kinetic characteristics of geohazard.In order to study the genetic mechanism of the geohazards induced by strong earthquake,the influence of the factors such as the direction of the seismic force,texture of the slope,shape characteristics of slopes,on the slope' failure and discussed the main model and process of the slope'failure under strong earthquake were investigated,by the means of shakding table model test of physical modeling.The results showed that strong inertia force formed in the process of earthquake is the main reason of the slope's distortion and failure.The strong horizontal seismic inertia force brought vertical tensional cracks which strike perpendicular to the direction of the seismic force on the top of the slope firstly.At the same time,it drived the plasmodium on the out side of the crack move along the horizontal direction,brought the tensional and shearing texture face or slip face which is horizontal or incline outside.At last the slope failed along this face.The lithology of slope and the characteristic combination of lithology,the characteristic combination of the control texture faces are the main factor of the model of slope's distortion and failure under the strong earthquake.
引文
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