基于双相介质理论的AVO属性交汇图识别天然气水合物(英文)
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摘要
天然气水合物(gas hydrates)作为一种新的潜在能源 是目前世界范围内研究的热点和难点之一。目前 普遍认为拟海底反射(简称BSR)是天然气水合物存 在的重要标志之一,但有关水合物的识别仍有很 多问题需要解决。例如世界各地已发现水合物的 例证表明在没有BSR的情况下仍然存在水合物,在 没有BSR的情况下如何识别水合物仍是没有解决 的研究课题。本文以天然气水合物的识别为研究 目的,以AVO属性交汇图为研究手段,通过双相介 质正演理论模型研究了当地层含有天然气水合物 或游离气时的AVO属性特征,并与由双相介质的 交错网格有限差分法得到的合成地震记录所反演 得出的AVO交汇图进行了对比,得到高度一致的 对比结果,表明利用AVO属性交汇图是识别天然 气水合物和游离气并能估测其含量的有效技术。
Gas hydrate is gradually considered as a potential energy resource. The presence of gas hydrate is commonly inferred from the appearance of "bottom simulating reflector"(BSR) on seismic section. Understanding the properties of hydrate-bearing sediments and studying the AVO characteristics of BSR are of great significance. Although more and more domestic and international studies have been conducted on the subjects mentioned above, they are still in the primary stage and need a long way to go to be appled in practice, especially in the field of gas hydrate. Aiming at the identification of gas hydrate, we studied the characteristics of the AVO attributes based on the Biot's theory when the sediments were bearing gas hydrate or free gas. The AVO attribute crossplots obtained from seismic sections with the forward simulation by means of staggered-grid finite-difference were compared with that of theoretic models. The coincidence shows that utilization of AVO attribute crossplots is an effective way to recognize gas hydrate and free gas.
Gas hydrate is gradually considered as a potential energy resource. The presence of gas hydrate is commonly inferred from the appearance of "bottom simulating reflector"(BSR) on seismic section. Understanding the properties of hydrate-bearing sediments and studying the AVO characteristics of BSR are of great significance. Although more and more domestic and international studies have been conducted on the subjects mentioned above, they are still in the primary stage and need a long way to go to be appled in practice, especially in the field of gas hydrate. Aiming at the identification of gas hydrate, we studied the characteristics of the AVO attributes based on the Biot's theory when the sediments were bearing gas hydrate or free gas. The AVO attribute crossplots obtained from seismic sections with the forward simulation by means of staggered-grid finite-difference were compared with that of theoretic models. The coincidence shows that utilization of AVO attribute crossplots is an effective way to recognize gas hydrate and free gas.
引文
Aki, K. and Richards, P. G., 1980, Quantitative seismology: W. H. Freeman & Co.
Altan T. and Tokuo Y., Synthetic seismograms for marine sediments and determination of porosity and permeability: Geophysics, 53,1056-1067.
Biot, M. A., 1956, Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid saturated porous solid, I, Low frequency range; I, higher frequency range: J. Acoustic. Soc. Am, 28,168-191.
Biot, M. A., 1962, Mechanics of deformation and acoustic propagation in porous media: J. Appl. Phys. 33,1482-1498.
Biot, M. A., 1962, Generalized theory of acoustic propagation in porous dissipative media: J. Acoustic. Soc. Am. 34,1254-1264.
Dai N., Vafidis A., and Kamasewish E. R., 1995, Wave propagation in heterogeneous, porous media: A velocity-stress, finite-difference method: Geophysics, Vol. 60(2), 327-340.
Dvorkin J., and Prasad M., 1999, Elasticity of marine sediments: Rock physics modeling: Geophysical Research Letters, 26 (12),1781-1784.
Ecker, C., 2001, Seismic characterization of methane hydrate structure: A dissertation submitted to the department of geophysics and the committee on graduate studies of Stanford university.
Ecker, C., and Lumley, D. E., 1994, Seismic AVO analysis of methane hydrate structures: SEP-80, 277-292.
Helgerud, M., Dvorkin, J., Nur, A., Sakai, A., and Collerr, T., 1999, Electric-wave velocity in marine sediments with gas hydrate: Effective medium modeling: Geophysical Research Letters, 26(13), 2021-2024.
Levander, A. R., 1988, Fouth-order finite-difference P-SV seismograms: Geophysics, Vol. 53,1425-1436.
Ma Zaitian, Song Haibin, Sun Jianguo, 2000, New geophysical technology for exploring gas hydrate: Geophysical Progress, 15(3), 1-6
McGee T M., 2000, A single-channel seismic reflection method for quantifying lateral variation in BSR reflectivity: Marine Geology, 164,29-35.
Shiply T H, Houstan M H, Buffier R T, et al, 1979, Seismic evidence for widespread possible gas hydrate horizons on continental slopes and rises: AAPG Bulletin, 63(12), 2204-2213.
Shuey, R. D., 1985, A simplification of the Zoeppritz equations: Geophysics, 50,609-614.
Smith G. G., and Gidlow P.M., 1987, Weighted Stacking for rock Proprty estimation and detection of gas: Geophys. Prosp.,35,993-1014.
Song Haibin et al, 2001, Primary study on gas hydrate in the Dongsha Sea Waters in the north of South China Sea: Geophysical Bulletin, 44 (5), 687-694.
Tinivella, U., 1999, A method for estimating gas hydrate and free gas concentrations in marine sediments: Boll. Geof. Teor. Appl., 40,19-30.
Zhang Yuwen, Liu Xuewei, Li Hai'ou, 2004, AVO analysis of pseudo seafloor reflections (BSRs) based on the single-phase and two-phase media: Petroleum Geophysical Prospecting, Vol.43, No. 3.
Altan T. and Tokuo Y., Synthetic seismograms for marine sediments and determination of porosity and permeability: Geophysics, 53,1056-1067.
Biot, M. A., 1956, Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid saturated porous solid, I, Low frequency range; I, higher frequency range: J. Acoustic. Soc. Am, 28,168-191.
Biot, M. A., 1962, Mechanics of deformation and acoustic propagation in porous media: J. Appl. Phys. 33,1482-1498.
Biot, M. A., 1962, Generalized theory of acoustic propagation in porous dissipative media: J. Acoustic. Soc. Am. 34,1254-1264.
Dai N., Vafidis A., and Kamasewish E. R., 1995, Wave propagation in heterogeneous, porous media: A velocity-stress, finite-difference method: Geophysics, Vol. 60(2), 327-340.
Dvorkin J., and Prasad M., 1999, Elasticity of marine sediments: Rock physics modeling: Geophysical Research Letters, 26 (12),1781-1784.
Ecker, C., 2001, Seismic characterization of methane hydrate structure: A dissertation submitted to the department of geophysics and the committee on graduate studies of Stanford university.
Ecker, C., and Lumley, D. E., 1994, Seismic AVO analysis of methane hydrate structures: SEP-80, 277-292.
Helgerud, M., Dvorkin, J., Nur, A., Sakai, A., and Collerr, T., 1999, Electric-wave velocity in marine sediments with gas hydrate: Effective medium modeling: Geophysical Research Letters, 26(13), 2021-2024.
Levander, A. R., 1988, Fouth-order finite-difference P-SV seismograms: Geophysics, Vol. 53,1425-1436.
Ma Zaitian, Song Haibin, Sun Jianguo, 2000, New geophysical technology for exploring gas hydrate: Geophysical Progress, 15(3), 1-6
McGee T M., 2000, A single-channel seismic reflection method for quantifying lateral variation in BSR reflectivity: Marine Geology, 164,29-35.
Shiply T H, Houstan M H, Buffier R T, et al, 1979, Seismic evidence for widespread possible gas hydrate horizons on continental slopes and rises: AAPG Bulletin, 63(12), 2204-2213.
Shuey, R. D., 1985, A simplification of the Zoeppritz equations: Geophysics, 50,609-614.
Smith G. G., and Gidlow P.M., 1987, Weighted Stacking for rock Proprty estimation and detection of gas: Geophys. Prosp.,35,993-1014.
Song Haibin et al, 2001, Primary study on gas hydrate in the Dongsha Sea Waters in the north of South China Sea: Geophysical Bulletin, 44 (5), 687-694.
Tinivella, U., 1999, A method for estimating gas hydrate and free gas concentrations in marine sediments: Boll. Geof. Teor. Appl., 40,19-30.
Zhang Yuwen, Liu Xuewei, Li Hai'ou, 2004, AVO analysis of pseudo seafloor reflections (BSRs) based on the single-phase and two-phase media: Petroleum Geophysical Prospecting, Vol.43, No. 3.
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