利用地震层曲率进行煤层小断层预测
|
摘要
煤层中的小断层是诱发煤矿安全事故的重要因素之一,准确地预测小断层是当前煤矿安全的迫切需求。现有的地震解释方法适用于解释落差3m以上的断层,因此对煤层中落差小于3m的断层解释需要探索新的技术方法。地震层曲率是根据三维地震解释层位计算得到的曲率,反映解释层位上任一点的弯曲程度。地震层曲率的计算建立在解释层位网格化的基础上,通过构造曲面拟合方程系数来实现。煤层中落差小于3m的小断层在常规地震剖面上表现为同相轴的微小变化、扭曲、振幅突然变弱等特征,这些微小的变化在地震层曲率属性上表现为线性构造,因此利用线性构造异常可进行小断层预测,异常的长度和方向分别代表着断层的延展长度和断层的走向。实例表明,利用地震层曲率进行煤层小断层预测,可以提高小断层的解释效率。
Small faults in coalseam are one of the important factors that cause coal mine safety accident. It is an urgent and necessary thing for current coal mine safety to predict exactly small faults in coamseam. General seismic interpretation method is suitable for interpreting the fault over 3m throw,so it is necessary to find new technical method to interpret faults below 3m throw in coalseam. Seismic horizon curvature is calculated from 3D seismic interpretation horizon and reflects the curving degree to the given horizon at a point. The calculation of seismic horizon curvature is based on the girding horizon,and it is realized through the coefficient of structure surface fitting equation. Curvature attribute of coalseam reflects curving degree of horizon when coalseam was extruded by structure stress. Coalseam faults below 3 m throw on general seismic section have the features such as even tiny variety,twist,weaking abruptly of the amplitude,these tiny varieties show small linear structure on the seismic horizon curvature attribute,so small faults can be predicated according to linear structure abnormity. The length of abnormity and directions represent the continued length and directions of faults respectively. The case shows that predicting small faults with seismic horizon curvature can raise fault interpretation efficiency.
Small faults in coalseam are one of the important factors that cause coal mine safety accident. It is an urgent and necessary thing for current coal mine safety to predict exactly small faults in coamseam. General seismic interpretation method is suitable for interpreting the fault over 3m throw,so it is necessary to find new technical method to interpret faults below 3m throw in coalseam. Seismic horizon curvature is calculated from 3D seismic interpretation horizon and reflects the curving degree to the given horizon at a point. The calculation of seismic horizon curvature is based on the girding horizon,and it is realized through the coefficient of structure surface fitting equation. Curvature attribute of coalseam reflects curving degree of horizon when coalseam was extruded by structure stress. Coalseam faults below 3 m throw on general seismic section have the features such as even tiny variety,twist,weaking abruptly of the amplitude,these tiny varieties show small linear structure on the seismic horizon curvature attribute,so small faults can be predicated according to linear structure abnormity. The length of abnormity and directions represent the continued length and directions of faults respectively. The case shows that predicting small faults with seismic horizon curvature can raise fault interpretation efficiency.
引文
[1]MURRAY G H.Quantitative fracture study,sanish pool,Mc Kenzie County,North Dakota[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1968,52(1):57–65.
[2]李志勇,曾佐勋,罗文强.裂缝预测主曲率法的新探索[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(6):83–85.(LI Zhiyong,ZENG Zuoxun,LUO Wenqiang.A new approach for predicting fractures using principal curvature[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(6):83–85.(in Chinese))
[3]李志勇,曾佐勋,罗文强.构造面曲率分析及三维可视化3DCAVF开发与实践[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2003,42(5):101–104.(LI Zhiyong,ZENG Zuoxun,LUO Wenqiang.Development and application of software—3DCAVF for curvature analysis and3D visibility of structural surfaces[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,2003,42(5):101–104.(in Chinese))
[4]李志勇,曾佐勋,罗文强.褶皱构造的曲率分析及其裂缝估算[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2004,34(4):517–521.(LI Zhiyong,ZENG Zuoxun,LUO Wenqiang.Curvature analysis and fracture estimating of folds[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science),2004,34(4):517–521.(in Chinese))
[5]陶洪辉,秦国伟,徐文波,等.地层主曲率在研究储层裂缝发育中的应用[J].新疆石油天然气,2005,1(2):22–28.(TAO Honghui,QIN Guowei,XU Wenbo,et al.The application of principal curvatures in study in reservoir fracture[J].Xinjiang Oil and Gas,2005,1(2):22–28.(in Chinese))
[6]胡宗全,廖红伟,刘人和.分砂层地质曲率分析在裂缝预测中的应用[J].石油实验地质,2002,24(5):450–454.(HU Zongquan,LIAO Hongwei,LIU Renhe.Application of single sandlayer geologic curvature analysis to fracture prediction[J].Petroleum Geology and Experiment,2002,24(5):450–454.(in Chinese))
[7]黄光玉,卢双舫,杨峰平.曲率法在松辽盆地徐家围子断陷营城组地层裂缝预测中的应用[J].大庆石油学院学报,2003,27(4):9–11.(HUANG Guangyu,LU Shuangfang,YANG Fengping.Application of curvature method to fissure forecast of the Yingcheng formation stratum of Xujiaweizi fault depression[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2003,27(4):9–11.(in Chinese))
[8]郭科,胥泽银,倪根生.用主曲率法研究裂缝性油气藏[J].物探化探计算技术,1998,20(4):335–337.(GUO Ke,XU Zeyin,NI Gensheng.Research on the main curvature method and its application to cracky oil-gas deposits[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,1998,20(4):335–337.(in Chinese))
[9]彭红利,熊钰,孙良田,等.主曲率法在碳酸盐岩气藏储层构造裂缝预测中的应用研究[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(3):343–346.(PENG Hongli,XIONG Yu,SUN Liantian,et al.The research on main curvature method application in carbonate gas reservior′s structural fracture prediction[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2005,16(3):343–346.(in Chinese))
[10]彭红利,熊钰,孙良田,等.主曲率法在麻柳场嘉陵江组裂缝预测中的应用研究[J].特种油气藏,2005,12(4):21–23,43–44.(PENG Hongli,XIONG Yu,SUN Liangtian,et al.Research on main curvature method for fracture prediction in Jialingjiang formation of Maliuchang[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2005,12(4):21–23,43–44.(in Chinese))
[11]孙尚如.预测储层裂缝的两种曲率方法应用比较[J].地质科技情报,2003,22(4):71–74.(SUN Shangru.Application comparison of two curvature methods for predicating reservoir fractures[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2003,22(4):71–74.(in Chinese))
[12]苏培东,秦启荣,黄润秋.储层裂缝预测研究现状与展望[J].西南石油学院学报,2005,27(5):14–18.(SU Peidong,QIN Qirong,HUANG Runqiu.Prospects and status for the study on reservoir fractures[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,2005,27(5):14–18.(in Chinese))
[13]孙宗颀,张景和.地应力在地质断层构造发生前后的变化[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(23):3964–3969.(SUN Zongqi,ZHANG Jinghe.Variation of in-situ stresses before and after occurrence of geologic fault structure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(23):3964–3969.(in Chinese))
[14]李志勇,曾佐勋,罗文强.微分几何学在地质构造定量研究中的应用[J].地质力学学报,2005,11(4):370–376.(LI Zhiyong,ZENG Zuoxun,LUO Wenqiang.Applications of differential geometry to quantitative analysis of structural geology[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2005,11(4):370–376.(in Chinese))
[15]宋惠珍,曾海容,孙君秀,等.储层古应力场的数值模拟[J].地震地质,1999,21(3):193–203.(SONG Huizhen,ZENG Hairong,SUN Junxiu,et al.Numerical model of reservoir paleostress field[J].Seismology and Geology,1999,21(3):193–203.(in Chinese))
[16]杜文凤,彭苏萍,黎咸威.基于地震层曲率属性预测煤层裂隙[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(增):30–33.(DU Wenfeng,PENG Suping,LI Xianwei.Seismic horizon curvature attribute for predicting coalseam fracture[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(Supp.):30–33.(in Chinese))
[17]刘升贵,安里千,薛茹,等.运用高斯曲率法预测煤层天然裂隙发育区[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(5):573–577.(LIU Shenggui,AN Liqian,XUE Ru,et al.Application of gaussian curvature method in forecasting natural fracture zones in coal seam[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2004,33(5):573–577.(in Chinese))
[18]ROBERTS A.Curvature attributes and their application to3D interpreted horizons[J].First Break,2001,19(2):85–100.
[19]SIGISMONDI M E,SOLDO J C.Curvature attributes and seismic interpretation:case studies from argentina basins[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(11):1122–1126.
[20]CHOPRA S,MARFURT K,ALEXEEV V.Practical aspects of curvature computations from seismic horizons[C]//SEG/New Orleans2006Annual Meeting.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2006:1712–1716.
[2]李志勇,曾佐勋,罗文强.裂缝预测主曲率法的新探索[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(6):83–85.(LI Zhiyong,ZENG Zuoxun,LUO Wenqiang.A new approach for predicting fractures using principal curvature[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(6):83–85.(in Chinese))
[3]李志勇,曾佐勋,罗文强.构造面曲率分析及三维可视化3DCAVF开发与实践[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2003,42(5):101–104.(LI Zhiyong,ZENG Zuoxun,LUO Wenqiang.Development and application of software—3DCAVF for curvature analysis and3D visibility of structural surfaces[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,2003,42(5):101–104.(in Chinese))
[4]李志勇,曾佐勋,罗文强.褶皱构造的曲率分析及其裂缝估算[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2004,34(4):517–521.(LI Zhiyong,ZENG Zuoxun,LUO Wenqiang.Curvature analysis and fracture estimating of folds[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science),2004,34(4):517–521.(in Chinese))
[5]陶洪辉,秦国伟,徐文波,等.地层主曲率在研究储层裂缝发育中的应用[J].新疆石油天然气,2005,1(2):22–28.(TAO Honghui,QIN Guowei,XU Wenbo,et al.The application of principal curvatures in study in reservoir fracture[J].Xinjiang Oil and Gas,2005,1(2):22–28.(in Chinese))
[6]胡宗全,廖红伟,刘人和.分砂层地质曲率分析在裂缝预测中的应用[J].石油实验地质,2002,24(5):450–454.(HU Zongquan,LIAO Hongwei,LIU Renhe.Application of single sandlayer geologic curvature analysis to fracture prediction[J].Petroleum Geology and Experiment,2002,24(5):450–454.(in Chinese))
[7]黄光玉,卢双舫,杨峰平.曲率法在松辽盆地徐家围子断陷营城组地层裂缝预测中的应用[J].大庆石油学院学报,2003,27(4):9–11.(HUANG Guangyu,LU Shuangfang,YANG Fengping.Application of curvature method to fissure forecast of the Yingcheng formation stratum of Xujiaweizi fault depression[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2003,27(4):9–11.(in Chinese))
[8]郭科,胥泽银,倪根生.用主曲率法研究裂缝性油气藏[J].物探化探计算技术,1998,20(4):335–337.(GUO Ke,XU Zeyin,NI Gensheng.Research on the main curvature method and its application to cracky oil-gas deposits[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,1998,20(4):335–337.(in Chinese))
[9]彭红利,熊钰,孙良田,等.主曲率法在碳酸盐岩气藏储层构造裂缝预测中的应用研究[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(3):343–346.(PENG Hongli,XIONG Yu,SUN Liantian,et al.The research on main curvature method application in carbonate gas reservior′s structural fracture prediction[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2005,16(3):343–346.(in Chinese))
[10]彭红利,熊钰,孙良田,等.主曲率法在麻柳场嘉陵江组裂缝预测中的应用研究[J].特种油气藏,2005,12(4):21–23,43–44.(PENG Hongli,XIONG Yu,SUN Liangtian,et al.Research on main curvature method for fracture prediction in Jialingjiang formation of Maliuchang[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2005,12(4):21–23,43–44.(in Chinese))
[11]孙尚如.预测储层裂缝的两种曲率方法应用比较[J].地质科技情报,2003,22(4):71–74.(SUN Shangru.Application comparison of two curvature methods for predicating reservoir fractures[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2003,22(4):71–74.(in Chinese))
[12]苏培东,秦启荣,黄润秋.储层裂缝预测研究现状与展望[J].西南石油学院学报,2005,27(5):14–18.(SU Peidong,QIN Qirong,HUANG Runqiu.Prospects and status for the study on reservoir fractures[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,2005,27(5):14–18.(in Chinese))
[13]孙宗颀,张景和.地应力在地质断层构造发生前后的变化[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(23):3964–3969.(SUN Zongqi,ZHANG Jinghe.Variation of in-situ stresses before and after occurrence of geologic fault structure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(23):3964–3969.(in Chinese))
[14]李志勇,曾佐勋,罗文强.微分几何学在地质构造定量研究中的应用[J].地质力学学报,2005,11(4):370–376.(LI Zhiyong,ZENG Zuoxun,LUO Wenqiang.Applications of differential geometry to quantitative analysis of structural geology[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2005,11(4):370–376.(in Chinese))
[15]宋惠珍,曾海容,孙君秀,等.储层古应力场的数值模拟[J].地震地质,1999,21(3):193–203.(SONG Huizhen,ZENG Hairong,SUN Junxiu,et al.Numerical model of reservoir paleostress field[J].Seismology and Geology,1999,21(3):193–203.(in Chinese))
[16]杜文凤,彭苏萍,黎咸威.基于地震层曲率属性预测煤层裂隙[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(增):30–33.(DU Wenfeng,PENG Suping,LI Xianwei.Seismic horizon curvature attribute for predicting coalseam fracture[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(Supp.):30–33.(in Chinese))
[17]刘升贵,安里千,薛茹,等.运用高斯曲率法预测煤层天然裂隙发育区[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(5):573–577.(LIU Shenggui,AN Liqian,XUE Ru,et al.Application of gaussian curvature method in forecasting natural fracture zones in coal seam[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2004,33(5):573–577.(in Chinese))
[18]ROBERTS A.Curvature attributes and their application to3D interpreted horizons[J].First Break,2001,19(2):85–100.
[19]SIGISMONDI M E,SOLDO J C.Curvature attributes and seismic interpretation:case studies from argentina basins[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(11):1122–1126.
[20]CHOPRA S,MARFURT K,ALEXEEV V.Practical aspects of curvature computations from seismic horizons[C]//SEG/New Orleans2006Annual Meeting.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2006:1712–1716.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心