基于3D GIS的城市灾害应急系统初步研究——以北师大北太平庄校区为例
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摘要
随着近几十年GIS、空间数据库、三维可视化等技术的发展,3D GIS技术已经被广泛应用到城市规划、城市设计、公共安全以及城市工程等各个方面。同时,3D GIS为防灾减灾以及应急响应和管理,特别是城市区域内的应急处置提供了一个可靠的工具。通过3D GIS提供的实时环境和分析工具,可以实现灾害事件重现、推演和和灾害管理分析,为减灾和应急处置提供有效的策略支持。主要分析了城市灾害应急系统的结构,研究了基于网络结构的城市逻辑结构及分析方法,以北京师范大学北太平庄校区为例,通过对城市内部复杂结构的抽象,提取城市应急管理中最重要的因素和信息,利用3D GIS技术建立城市三维环境和城市网络逻辑模型,模拟了城市应急处置过程。同时,通过对以社区为单元的城市应急系统的建设考察了该系统在整个城市应急管理系统中应用的可行性。
Along with development of GIS,spatial database,visualization tools and virtual reality applications in recent decades,the 3D GIS technology has been widely used in urban planning,urban design,public security and civil engineering and architecture projects.And it also provides a useful tool for disaster reduction and emergency response,especially for the emergency management in urban areas.GIS based 3D real-time simulation system is helpful not only to management and analysis of disaster spatial data,but also to providing reliable tool for disaster reduction and emergency management.In this paper,we also outline the structure and data model of a 3D GIS-based disaster analysis and response system.And taking Beitaipingzhuang campus of Beijing Normal University as a case study,the urban emergency management process was simulated.The result shows that the 3D GIS-based emergency response system can provide reliable tool for the disaster reduction and emergency response.
Along with development of GIS,spatial database,visualization tools and virtual reality applications in recent decades,the 3D GIS technology has been widely used in urban planning,urban design,public security and civil engineering and architecture projects.And it also provides a useful tool for disaster reduction and emergency response,especially for the emergency management in urban areas.GIS based 3D real-time simulation system is helpful not only to management and analysis of disaster spatial data,but also to providing reliable tool for disaster reduction and emergency management.In this paper,we also outline the structure and data model of a 3D GIS-based disaster analysis and response system.And taking Beitaipingzhuang campus of Beijing Normal University as a case study,the urban emergency management process was simulated.The result shows that the 3D GIS-based emergency response system can provide reliable tool for the disaster reduction and emergency response.
引文
[1]邹铭,李保俊,王静爱,杨春燕,徐伟,史培军.中国救灾物资代储点优化布局研究[J].自然灾害学报,2004,13(4):135-140.
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[3]石丽红,张清浦,刘纪平,栗斌.面向突发事件的防范应急GIS系统的设计与实现[J].测绘科学,2005,30(1):67-72.
[4]刘士驻,任亿.论城市应急管理[J].风险管理,2006,7(20):44-59.
[5]Beverly A Cigler.Emergency management and public administration[M]//In Crisis Management:A Casebook,In Mishael T Charles and JChoon.Charles C Thomas publishing,Illinois,1988.
[6]Dennis McGrath,Amy Hunt,Marion Bates.A simple Distribute Simulation Architecture for Emergency Response Exercises[C]//Proceeding ofthe 2005 Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Application(DS-RT05).
[7]Gwyndaf Williams,Stuart Batho,Lynne Russell.Responding to Urban Crisis:the emergency planning response to the bombing of Manchester citycenter[J].Cities,2000,17(4):291-304.
[8]Jiyeong Lee.A spatial access oriented implementation of a topological data model for 3D urban entities.In University Consortium for GeographicInformation Science(UCGIS)Summer Assembly,Buffalo,New York,2001:21-24.
[9]Mei-Po Kwan,Jiyeong Lee.Emergency response after9/11:the potential of real-time 3D GIS for quick emergency response in micro-spatialenvironments.Computers Environment and Urban System,2005,29:93-113.
[10]Teresa Harrision.Learn about interoperability for emergency response:geographic information technologies and the world trade center crisis[C]//Proceeding of the 39thHawaii International Conference on System Sciences-2006.
[2]徐伟,王静爱,史培军,周俊华.中国城市地震灾害危险度评价[J].自然灾害学报,2004,13(1):9-16.
[3]石丽红,张清浦,刘纪平,栗斌.面向突发事件的防范应急GIS系统的设计与实现[J].测绘科学,2005,30(1):67-72.
[4]刘士驻,任亿.论城市应急管理[J].风险管理,2006,7(20):44-59.
[5]Beverly A Cigler.Emergency management and public administration[M]//In Crisis Management:A Casebook,In Mishael T Charles and JChoon.Charles C Thomas publishing,Illinois,1988.
[6]Dennis McGrath,Amy Hunt,Marion Bates.A simple Distribute Simulation Architecture for Emergency Response Exercises[C]//Proceeding ofthe 2005 Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Application(DS-RT05).
[7]Gwyndaf Williams,Stuart Batho,Lynne Russell.Responding to Urban Crisis:the emergency planning response to the bombing of Manchester citycenter[J].Cities,2000,17(4):291-304.
[8]Jiyeong Lee.A spatial access oriented implementation of a topological data model for 3D urban entities.In University Consortium for GeographicInformation Science(UCGIS)Summer Assembly,Buffalo,New York,2001:21-24.
[9]Mei-Po Kwan,Jiyeong Lee.Emergency response after9/11:the potential of real-time 3D GIS for quick emergency response in micro-spatialenvironments.Computers Environment and Urban System,2005,29:93-113.
[10]Teresa Harrision.Learn about interoperability for emergency response:geographic information technologies and the world trade center crisis[C]//Proceeding of the 39thHawaii International Conference on System Sciences-2006.
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