地震灾害风险管理和实施技术
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摘要
本文根据笔者在参与“亚太地区减轻地震和海啸灾害技术开发及其整合(EqTAP)”大型研究项目所做的1976年中国年唐山地震和1995年日本阪神.淡路地震灾害的比较研究写成,着重论述减轻城市地震灾害的风险管理和实施技术。为了使论述更为全面,本文还联系1990年代发生在美国、土耳其、印度、墨西哥和中国台湾地区的地震灾害,进行了比较和分析讨论。
The paper was written on the basis of the comparative study between 1976 Tangshan China earthquake and 1995 Hanshin-Awaji Japan earthquake,which is a part of the research project entitled "Development of earthquake and tsunami disaster mitigation technologies and their integration for the Asia-Pacific Region(EqTAP)" financed by the Japanese government.The paper focuses on the urban earthquake disaster risk management and implementation technology,whereby taken as reference earthquakes,the devastating earthquakes happened in around 1990s in the United States,Turkey,India,Mexico,and Taiwan,China are also discussed.
The paper was written on the basis of the comparative study between 1976 Tangshan China earthquake and 1995 Hanshin-Awaji Japan earthquake,which is a part of the research project entitled "Development of earthquake and tsunami disaster mitigation technologies and their integration for the Asia-Pacific Region(EqTAP)" financed by the Japanese government.The paper focuses on the urban earthquake disaster risk management and implementation technology,whereby taken as reference earthquakes,the devastating earthquakes happened in around 1990s in the United States,Turkey,India,Mexico,and Taiwan,China are also discussed.
引文
[1]AIJ(Arch itectural Institute of Japan).Prelim inary reconnaissance report of the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake[R].English Ed ition.,1995.
[2]AIJ(Arch itectural Institute of Japan)and et al.Report on Hansh in-Awaji earthquake d isaster[R].Tokyo:Showa Information Process Press(日文),2000.
[3]陈英方,陈长林.地震保险[M].北京:地震出版社,1996.
[4]The C ity ofKobe.The great hansh in-Awaji earthquake statistics and restoration progress[R].2002.http://www.city.kobe.jp/cityoffice/06/013/report/1-1.htm l.
[5]DongW eim ing.Bu ild ing a d isaster-resistant commun ity[R].FEMA Project Impact,RMS,1999[C].
[6]EQE.Evolution of Seism ic Bu ild ing D esign Practice in Turkey[R].1999,see.http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:MybkbqhrLagC:n i-see.berkeley.edu/turkey/Fturkrch2.pdf+seism ic+design+code+in+Turkey&h1=en&ie=UTF-8.
[7]EQE.Izm it,Turkey Earthquake ofAugust 17,1999(M7.4)[R].An EQE B riefing.,1999.http://www.eqe.com/revamp/izm itreport/in-dex.htm l.
[8]Ghosh,S.K.Seism ic D esign Provisions in U.S.Codes and Standards:A look Back and Ahead[R].PC I,2002.
[9]IISEE.2002.Seism ic D esign Code Index[S].http://iisee.kenken.go.jp/net/seism ic_design_code/index.htm.
[10]Kam eda,H..GeneralReport,EqTAP-A New Challenge forRealizing Safety and Sustainab ility against earthquake and Tsunam i D isasters in theAsia-Pacific Region-Steps Toward the EqTAP Master P lan,3 rd EqTAP W orkshop[C].Man ila,Ph ilipp ines.Nov.28-30,2000.http://comndocs.house.gov/comm ittes/science/hsy293140.000/hsy293140_1.HTM.
[11]刘恢先(主编).唐山大地震震害[M].第(一)、(二)、(三)、(四),北京:地震出版社,1986.
[12]Okada,Norio et al.Modeling,Urban D iagnosis and Policy Analysis for Integrated D isaster R isk Managem ent-Illustrations by Use D iMSIS,N iche Analysis and Topological Index.Proceed ings of Japan-USW orkshop on D isaster R isk Managem ent forUrban Infrastructure System s[C].May 15-16,2001.campus P laza Kyoto.
[13]Okada,Tsuneo.Lessons on bu ild ing performance from the greatHansh in-Awaji Earthquake d isaster in 1995[R].2000.http://www.nd.edu/~quake/Beijing_Symposium/p-21/I-Okada.pdf).
[14]Person,W averly.Hearing on the Turkey,Taiwan,andM exico earthquakes:Lessons Learned SEAONC.2002.AboutUs O rigin and H istory[R].1999.http://www.seaonc.org/m ember/about/origin.htm l.
[15]SGH.Ji-Ji Taiwan earthquake.A Report on Bu ild ing Performance,Bu ild ing Codes[R].2002.http://www.sgh.com/taiwan99/code.htm l
[16]河北省地震局.唐山抗震救灾决策纪实[M].北京:地震出版社,2000.
[17]Tierney,Kathleen J.and Goltz,Jam es D.Em ergency response:lessons learned from the Kobe earthquake[R].1999.http://www.udel.edu/DRC/prelim inary/260.pdf.
[18]Tong,S in-Tsuen et al.Seism ic retrofit of Californ ia B ridges[R].1995.http://www.eqe.com/pub lications/revf95/cabridge.htm.
[19]Ye,Yaoxian(叶耀先).Seism ic strengthen ing of existing structures and earthquake d isasterm itigation,Proceed ings ofUS-PRC-JAPAN Tri-lateral Symposium on Engineering forMu ltiple NaturalHazard M itigation[C].Beijing,1985.
[20]Ye,Yaoxian(叶耀先)&Okada,Norio..Improving managem ent of urban earthquake d isaster risks,Proceed ings of Ch ina-US M illenn iumSymposium on Earthquake Engineering[C].Ch ina,2000.
[21]Ye,Yaoxian(叶耀先).F irst Annual IIASA-DPR IM eeting.Integrated D isaster R isk Managem ent Reducing Socio-Econom ic Vu lnerab ility[R].IIASA.Laxenburg,Austria,2001.
[2]AIJ(Arch itectural Institute of Japan)and et al.Report on Hansh in-Awaji earthquake d isaster[R].Tokyo:Showa Information Process Press(日文),2000.
[3]陈英方,陈长林.地震保险[M].北京:地震出版社,1996.
[4]The C ity ofKobe.The great hansh in-Awaji earthquake statistics and restoration progress[R].2002.http://www.city.kobe.jp/cityoffice/06/013/report/1-1.htm l.
[5]DongW eim ing.Bu ild ing a d isaster-resistant commun ity[R].FEMA Project Impact,RMS,1999[C].
[6]EQE.Evolution of Seism ic Bu ild ing D esign Practice in Turkey[R].1999,see.http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:MybkbqhrLagC:n i-see.berkeley.edu/turkey/Fturkrch2.pdf+seism ic+design+code+in+Turkey&h1=en&ie=UTF-8.
[7]EQE.Izm it,Turkey Earthquake ofAugust 17,1999(M7.4)[R].An EQE B riefing.,1999.http://www.eqe.com/revamp/izm itreport/in-dex.htm l.
[8]Ghosh,S.K.Seism ic D esign Provisions in U.S.Codes and Standards:A look Back and Ahead[R].PC I,2002.
[9]IISEE.2002.Seism ic D esign Code Index[S].http://iisee.kenken.go.jp/net/seism ic_design_code/index.htm.
[10]Kam eda,H..GeneralReport,EqTAP-A New Challenge forRealizing Safety and Sustainab ility against earthquake and Tsunam i D isasters in theAsia-Pacific Region-Steps Toward the EqTAP Master P lan,3 rd EqTAP W orkshop[C].Man ila,Ph ilipp ines.Nov.28-30,2000.http://comndocs.house.gov/comm ittes/science/hsy293140.000/hsy293140_1.HTM.
[11]刘恢先(主编).唐山大地震震害[M].第(一)、(二)、(三)、(四),北京:地震出版社,1986.
[12]Okada,Norio et al.Modeling,Urban D iagnosis and Policy Analysis for Integrated D isaster R isk Managem ent-Illustrations by Use D iMSIS,N iche Analysis and Topological Index.Proceed ings of Japan-USW orkshop on D isaster R isk Managem ent forUrban Infrastructure System s[C].May 15-16,2001.campus P laza Kyoto.
[13]Okada,Tsuneo.Lessons on bu ild ing performance from the greatHansh in-Awaji Earthquake d isaster in 1995[R].2000.http://www.nd.edu/~quake/Beijing_Symposium/p-21/I-Okada.pdf).
[14]Person,W averly.Hearing on the Turkey,Taiwan,andM exico earthquakes:Lessons Learned SEAONC.2002.AboutUs O rigin and H istory[R].1999.http://www.seaonc.org/m ember/about/origin.htm l.
[15]SGH.Ji-Ji Taiwan earthquake.A Report on Bu ild ing Performance,Bu ild ing Codes[R].2002.http://www.sgh.com/taiwan99/code.htm l
[16]河北省地震局.唐山抗震救灾决策纪实[M].北京:地震出版社,2000.
[17]Tierney,Kathleen J.and Goltz,Jam es D.Em ergency response:lessons learned from the Kobe earthquake[R].1999.http://www.udel.edu/DRC/prelim inary/260.pdf.
[18]Tong,S in-Tsuen et al.Seism ic retrofit of Californ ia B ridges[R].1995.http://www.eqe.com/pub lications/revf95/cabridge.htm.
[19]Ye,Yaoxian(叶耀先).Seism ic strengthen ing of existing structures and earthquake d isasterm itigation,Proceed ings ofUS-PRC-JAPAN Tri-lateral Symposium on Engineering forMu ltiple NaturalHazard M itigation[C].Beijing,1985.
[20]Ye,Yaoxian(叶耀先)&Okada,Norio..Improving managem ent of urban earthquake d isaster risks,Proceed ings of Ch ina-US M illenn iumSymposium on Earthquake Engineering[C].Ch ina,2000.
[21]Ye,Yaoxian(叶耀先).F irst Annual IIASA-DPR IM eeting.Integrated D isaster R isk Managem ent Reducing Socio-Econom ic Vu lnerab ility[R].IIASA.Laxenburg,Austria,2001.
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