汶川地震启示:结构设计中若干抗震措施的建议
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摘要
5.12汶川地震造成了建筑物的巨大破坏,其中大量的是砖混结构和钢筋混凝土框架结构,以及一些特殊位置的结构构件。本文试图通过对这些重点结构、重点部位结构构件的典型震害分析,并结合工程结构设计的特点和习惯,提出若干结构抗震措施,供结构工程师们参考。
The 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake result in serious destructions.From analysis on seismic damage of buildings, some suggestions on seismic fortification measures are put forward:to important buildings,multi - lines defence should be set and pure frames should be used less.When frame structures are checked following"strong column - weak beam",the strengthen effect that the cast - in - situ slab,reinforcing steel bar,compressed reinforcing steel bar to frames should be considered.When the curb walls and partitions are arranged in frames,the disadvantage should be considered.The wind columns of high gable in single - story mill buildings should be considered and in the meantime sudden change stiffness in up and down columns should be avoided.The work plane in single - story mill buildings should be parted away or connected to the column basing on the fact case.If connecting the two components,the seismic fortification check should be carried out carefully and proper constructional measures can be adopted.Columns without foundation should be reduced when part structures project the roof.In frame structures,staircase beams should be set close stirrups and waist bars in the mid -span;between stair plane slabs and end walls,gaps should be set;displacement between structural columns should be shorter,when the structural columns are set in the brickwork partitions of the staircases.
The 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake result in serious destructions.From analysis on seismic damage of buildings, some suggestions on seismic fortification measures are put forward:to important buildings,multi - lines defence should be set and pure frames should be used less.When frame structures are checked following"strong column - weak beam",the strengthen effect that the cast - in - situ slab,reinforcing steel bar,compressed reinforcing steel bar to frames should be considered.When the curb walls and partitions are arranged in frames,the disadvantage should be considered.The wind columns of high gable in single - story mill buildings should be considered and in the meantime sudden change stiffness in up and down columns should be avoided.The work plane in single - story mill buildings should be parted away or connected to the column basing on the fact case.If connecting the two components,the seismic fortification check should be carried out carefully and proper constructional measures can be adopted.Columns without foundation should be reduced when part structures project the roof.In frame structures,staircase beams should be set close stirrups and waist bars in the mid -span;between stair plane slabs and end walls,gaps should be set;displacement between structural columns should be shorter,when the structural columns are set in the brickwork partitions of the staircases.
引文
[1]金来建.汶川地震中多层钢筋混凝土框架典型震害分析[J].设计与科研,2008(IS).
[2]金来建,贾洁,朱丹汶川地震中单层钢筋混凝土柱厂房典型震害分析[J].建筑结构学报,2008,(4).
[3]中国航空工业规划设计研究院.建筑工程设计技术细则(结构专业),2006.
[4]缪志伟,陆新征,叶列平.出屋面结构震害分析与设计建议[C]//汶川地震建筑震害调查及灾后重建分析报告.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.
[5]尹保江,黄世敏,程绍革,等.汶川地震中建筑楼梯震害原因分析[R]//汶川地震建筑震害调查及灾后重建分析报告.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.
[2]金来建,贾洁,朱丹汶川地震中单层钢筋混凝土柱厂房典型震害分析[J].建筑结构学报,2008,(4).
[3]中国航空工业规划设计研究院.建筑工程设计技术细则(结构专业),2006.
[4]缪志伟,陆新征,叶列平.出屋面结构震害分析与设计建议[C]//汶川地震建筑震害调查及灾后重建分析报告.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.
[5]尹保江,黄世敏,程绍革,等.汶川地震中建筑楼梯震害原因分析[R]//汶川地震建筑震害调查及灾后重建分析报告.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.
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