地震作用下输电塔体系塑性极限状态分析
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摘要
选用实际工程中常用的2种不同类型的输电铁塔,首先计算它们的动力特性,分析了影响动力特性的主要因素。根据简化抗震计算方法,分别研究了硬、中硬和软弱3类场地土条件下它们在侧向、纵向振动情形时的塑性极限状态,其中每类场地土选用2条地震波,每条地震波都通过调整加速度峰值的方法探讨输电铁塔的非线性行为以及塑性极限状态。分析结果表明,作为高耸结构的输电铁塔,塔架的主材和附材抗弯线刚度比值,塔架的根开尺寸对动力特性有较大影响,产生塑性应变的杆件集中于塔架的下部,且作为悬臂部分的横担在地震作用下也发生了塑性变形。
The dynamic characters of two different kinds of towers were calculated. The influencing factors of their dynamic characters were discussed subsequently. Based on the simplified method of aseismic calculation, for the sock, medium, solid site, tow transmission towers were calculated with two different pieces of seismic records. In order to ascertain the plastic limit under in-plane and out-of-plane vibration, the peak values of the seismic records were scaled up and down until solution was not converged. In the end, the nonlinear behaviors and plastic limit of transmission towers in different vibration directions subjected to earthquake action were summarized. And the results show that the flexural rigidity ratio between the main leg and bracing component has a great influence on the dynamic characters of the tower. The study reveals that a lot of components, which located in the lower of the transmission tower, have plastic deformations when the tower reaches in critical state.
The dynamic characters of two different kinds of towers were calculated. The influencing factors of their dynamic characters were discussed subsequently. Based on the simplified method of aseismic calculation, for the sock, medium, solid site, tow transmission towers were calculated with two different pieces of seismic records. In order to ascertain the plastic limit under in-plane and out-of-plane vibration, the peak values of the seismic records were scaled up and down until solution was not converged. In the end, the nonlinear behaviors and plastic limit of transmission towers in different vibration directions subjected to earthquake action were summarized. And the results show that the flexural rigidity ratio between the main leg and bracing component has a great influence on the dynamic characters of the tower. The study reveals that a lot of components, which located in the lower of the transmission tower, have plastic deformations when the tower reaches in critical state.
引文
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[19]Albermani F G A,Kitipornchai S.Numerical simulation of structural behavior of transmission towers[J].Thin-walled Structures,2003,41(2-3):167-177.
[20]Albermani F G A,Mahendran M,Kitipornchai S.Upgrading of transmission towers using a diaphragm bracing system[J].Engineering Structures,2004,26(6):735-744.
[2]孙才新,蒋兴良,熊启新,等.导线覆冰及其干湿增长临界条件分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(3):141-145.Sun Caixin,Jiang Xingliang,Xiong Qixin,et al.Analysis of critical icing conditions of conductor and wet-dry growth[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2003,23(3):141-145(in Chinese).
[3]李宏男,王前信.大跨越输电塔体系的动力特性[J].土木工程学报,1997,30(5):28-36.Li Hongnan,Wang Qianxin.Dynamic characteristics of long-span transmission lines and their supporting towers[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,1997,30(5):28-36(in Chinese).
[4]Battista R C,Rodrigues R S,Pfeil M S.Dynamic behavior and stability of transmission line towers under wind forces[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2003,91(8):1051-1067.
[5]傅鹏程,邓洪州,吴静.输电塔结构动力特性研究[J].特种结构,2005,22(1):47-49.Fu Pengcheng,Deng Hongzhou,Wu Jing.The dynamic character-istics of the transmission tower[J].Special Structures,2005,22(1):47-49(in Chinese).
[6]李小平,张芳榴,高玉明.超高压输电线路优化设计方法的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,1989,9(2):11-18.Li Xiaoping,Zhang Fangliu,Gao Yuming.Study on optimum design of EHV power transmission line[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1989,9(2):11-18(in Chinese).
[7]Natarajan K,Santhakumar A R.Reliability-based optimization of transmission line towers[J].Computer&Structures.1995,55(3):387-403.
[8]Visweswara Rao G.Optimum designs for transmission line towers[J].Computer&Structures.1995,57(1):81-92.
[9]李宏男,石文龙,王苏岩.高压输电塔—导线藕连体系的简化抗震计算方法[J].特种结构,2002,19(3):58-61.Li Hongnan,Shi Wenlong,Wang Suyan.Simplified seismic calculation method for the coupled system of transmission lines and their supporting tower[J].Special Structures,2002,19(3):58-61(in Chinese).
[10]王肇民.塔桅结构[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1989.
[11]邓洪洲,陈晓明,屠海明,等.江阴大跨越输电塔模型试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2001,22(12):31-35.Deng Hongzhou,Chen Xiaoming,Tu Haiming,et al.Experimental study on model of Jiangyin long span transmission tower[J].Journal of Building Structures,2001,22(12):31-35(in Chinese).
[12]Prasad Rao N,Kalyanaraman V.Nonlinear behavior of lattice panel ofangle towers[J].Journal of Constructional Steel Research,2001,57(12):1337-1357.
[13]Xu Y L,Qu W L,Chen Z H.Control of wind-excited truss tower using semiactive friction damper[J].Journal of Structure Engineering,2001,127(8):861-868.
[14]Prokie A.Material nonlinear analysis of thin-walled beams[J].Journal of Structure Engineering,1994,120(10):2840-2852.
[15]Smith E A.Space truss nonlinear analysis[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1984,110(4):688-705.
[16]李宏男,胡大柱,路颖超.输电铁塔交叉斜材非线性极限承载力研究[J].特种结构,2004,21(3):22-24.Li Hongnan,Hu Dazhu,Lu Yingchao.The analysis of the ultimate strengths of the X-braced panels in transmission tower considering nonlinear actions[J].Special Sturctures,2004,21(3):22-24(in Chinese).
[17]刘和云,周迪,付俊萍,等.导线雨凇覆冰预测简单模型的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(4):44-47.Liu Heyun,Zhou Di,Fu Junping,et al.A simple model for predicting glaze loads on wires[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2001,21(4):44-47(in Chinese).
[18]蒋兴良,张丽华.导线覆冰碰冻率及最大覆冰直径分析[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(9):10-13.Jiang Xingliang,Zhang Lihua.Collision&freezing efficiency of droplets with conductor and the possible maximum diameter of the iced conductor[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1999,19(9):10-13(in Chinese).
[19]Albermani F G A,Kitipornchai S.Numerical simulation of structural behavior of transmission towers[J].Thin-walled Structures,2003,41(2-3):167-177.
[20]Albermani F G A,Mahendran M,Kitipornchai S.Upgrading of transmission towers using a diaphragm bracing system[J].Engineering Structures,2004,26(6):735-744.
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