臼齿状构造成因新解——以天津蓟县高于庄组第三段为例
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摘要
臼齿状构造(Molar-tooth structure)是一种主要发育在前寒武纪非叠层石碳酸盐岩中的沉积构造。由于形态多样且缺乏现代的类比物,国内外地质学家曾先后建立多种模式来解释其成因,这些模式大致可以归为两类:地震液化模式和生物成因模式。近年来,一种新的模式:气泡膨胀与迁移模式得到了地质学家的广泛引用。产在天津蓟县剖面高于庄组第三段非叠层石碳酸盐岩沉积序列上部的臼齿状构造,虽然可以应用气泡膨胀与迁移模式来解释其形成机制,但是,考虑到臼齿状构造可能是微生物席封闭沉积面所激发的气泡膨胀与迁移作用的产物,并且气泡可能是由于细粒沉积中微生物提供的有机质的裂解作用的结果,表明了臼齿状构造的形成间接地与微生物生命活动存在关联。因此,可以将臼齿状构造归为席底构造(第五类原生沉积构造)的一种类型。
Molar-tooth structure(MT structure) is a kind of sedimentary structures mainly developed in non-stromatolitic carbonate succession of the precambrian.The diversity of morphological features and the absence of modern analogies lead to a lively debate on the origin of the MT structure.Lots of models have been built to explain the formation of the MT structure,which can be grouped into two categories: the model of seismicinduced liquation and that of biogenetic origin.Recently a new model,gas-bubble expansion and migration model,has been widely accepted by geologists.For those MT structures existing in the non-stromatolitic carbonate succession within the third member of Gaoyuzhuang Formation in Jixian section,we can use the model of the gas-bubble expansion and migration to explain their formation mechanism.However,several features indicate that the formation of MT structures is genetically related to the microbial activities:(1) the sealing to the depositional surface by microbial mat is favorable to induce the gas-bubble expansion and migration,and(2) the gas-bubble is quite possible resulted from the splitting of organic substance provided by microbes.Therefore, MT structures can be grouped into one of the mat ground structures(the fifth category of primary sedimentary structures).
Molar-tooth structure(MT structure) is a kind of sedimentary structures mainly developed in non-stromatolitic carbonate succession of the precambrian.The diversity of morphological features and the absence of modern analogies lead to a lively debate on the origin of the MT structure.Lots of models have been built to explain the formation of the MT structure,which can be grouped into two categories: the model of seismicinduced liquation and that of biogenetic origin.Recently a new model,gas-bubble expansion and migration model,has been widely accepted by geologists.For those MT structures existing in the non-stromatolitic carbonate succession within the third member of Gaoyuzhuang Formation in Jixian section,we can use the model of the gas-bubble expansion and migration to explain their formation mechanism.However,several features indicate that the formation of MT structures is genetically related to the microbial activities:(1) the sealing to the depositional surface by microbial mat is favorable to induce the gas-bubble expansion and migration,and(2) the gas-bubble is quite possible resulted from the splitting of organic substance provided by microbes.Therefore, MT structures can be grouped into one of the mat ground structures(the fifth category of primary sedimentary structures).
引文
杜汝霖.前寒武纪古生物学与地史学[M].北京:地质出版社,1992:1-193.
葛铭,孟祥化,旷红伟,等.微亮晶(臼齿)碳酸盐岩:21世纪全球地学研究的新热点[J].沉积学报,2003,21(1):81-89.
旷红伟,刘燕学,孟祥化,等.吉辽地区新元古代臼齿碳酸盐岩岩相的若干岩石学特征研究[J].地球学报,2004,25(6):647-652.
旷红伟,孟祥化,葛铭.臼齿碳酸盐岩成因探讨--以吉林-辽宁地区新元古界为例[J].古地理学报,2006,8(01):63-73.
刘为付,孟祥化,葛铭,等.皖北新元古代臼齿碳酸盐岩石学特征及沉积环境探讨[J].华东地质学院学报,2003,26(4):321-326.
刘为付,孟祥化,葛铭,等.徐淮地区上元古界臼齿构造碳酸盐岩事件[J].地质科技情报,2003,22(4):27-32.
刘燕学,柳永清,旷红伟.一种严格受控于环境和时间的特殊碳酸盐岩--臼齿构造碳酸盐岩[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(07):710-716.
梅冥相,高金汉,孟庆芬.从席底构造到第五类原生沉积构造:沉积学中具有重要意义的概念[J].现代地质,2006,20(0):413-422.
梅冥相,刘智荣,孟庆芬,等.南口虎峪中元古界大红峪组混积岩系的层序地层划分--海侵砂岩中的微生物席碎片简介[J].地质科技情报,2007,26(0):33-40.
梅冥相,孟庆芬,刘智荣.微生物形成的原生沉积构造研究进展综述[J].古地理学报,2007,9(4):354-367.
梅冥相.从凝块石概念的演变论微生物碳酸盐岩的研究进展[J].地质科技情报,2007,26(6):12-26.
梅冥相.天津蓟县剖面中元古界高于庄组臼齿状构造的层序地层位置及其成因的初步研究[J].古地理学报,2005,7(4):437-447.
梅冥相.微生物碳酸盐岩分类体系的修订:对灰岩成因-结构分类体系的补充[J].地学前缘,2007,14(5):597-614.
梅冥相.燕山地区中元古代高于庄组非叠层石碳酸盐岩序列的沉积特征及其重要意义[J].现代地质,2007,21(1):45-56.
梅冥相.中元古代叠层石-非叠层石碳酸盐岩层序地层序列及其沉积特征--以北京延庆千沟剖面高于庄组为例[J].现代地质,2007,21(2):387-396.
孟祥化,葛铭.中朝板块层序、事件和演化[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:117-141.
乔秀夫,高林志,彭阳,等.古郯庐带沧浪铺阶地震事件、层序及构造意义[J].中国科学D辑,2001,31(11):911-918.
乔秀夫,高林志.华北中新元古代及早古生代地震灾变事件及与Rodinia的关系[J].科学通报,1999,44(16):1753-1757.
乔秀夫,高林志.燕辽裂陷槽中元古代古地震与古地理[J].古地理学报,2007,9(04):337-352.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列[J].地质学报,1994,68(01):16-34.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,李海兵.是地震液化泄水成因,不是"渗流管"构造[J].科学通报,2002,47(14):1118-1120.
乔秀夫,高林志,彭阳.古郯庐带新元古界--灾变、层序、生物[M].北京:地质出版社,2001:1-26.
乔秀夫.中国震积岩的研究与展望[J].地质论评,1996,42(04):317-320.
KUANG H W,LIU Y X,MENG X H,et al.A study onthe environmental conditions of the microsparite(Molar-tooth)carbonates[J].Chinese Journal ofGeochemistry,2007,26(1):28-34.
Bauerman H.Report on the geology of the country near theforth-ninth parallel of North latitude West of the RockyMountains[J].Geological Survey of Canada Report,1885:1882-1884.
Bishop J W,Sumner D Y,Huerta N J.Molar toothstructures of the Neoarchean Monteville Formation,Transvaal Supergroup,South Africa.II:A wave-induced fluid flow model[J].Sedimentology,2006,53(5):1069-1082.
Bishop J W,Sumner D Y.Molar tooth structures of theNeoarchean Monteville Formation,TransvaalSupergroup,South Africa.I:Constraints onmicrocrystalline CaCO3precipitation[J].Sedimentology,2006,53(5):1049-1068.
Cowan C A,James N P.Diastasis cracks:mechanicallygenerated synaeresis-like cracks in the Upper CambrianShallow water oolite and ribbon carbonate[J].Sedimentology,1992,39:1101-1118.
Daly R A.Geology of the North American Cordillera at tforty-ninth parallel[J].Geological Survey of Canad1912,38:112-123.
Eby D E.Carbonate Sedimentation under Elevated Salinitiesand Implicatioins for the Origin of Molar-ToothStructure in the Middle Belt Carbonate Intervalnorthwesten Montana[J].Geological Society ofAmerica,1975,7:1063-1064.
Fairchild I J,Einsele G Song T.Possible seismic origin ofmolar tooth structures in Neoproterozoic carbonateramp deposits,north China[J].Sedimentology,1997,44:611-636.
Frank T D Lyobs T W."Molar-Tooth"structures:ageochemical perspective on a Proterozoic enigma[J].Geology,1998,26(8):683-686.
Furniss G,Rittle J F Winston D.Gas bubble and expansioncrack origin of"molar tooth"calcite structures in theMiddle Proterozoic Belt Supergroup[J].WesternMontana.Journal of Sedimentary Research,1997,68:104-114.
Grotzinger J P,James N P.Precambrian carbonates:Evolution of understanding[C].In Grotzinger J P,James N P(eds.),Carbonate Sedimentation andDiagenesis in the Evolving Precambrian World[M].SEPM Special Publication,2000,67:3-22.
James N P,Narbonne G M Sherman A G.Molar-toothcarbonates:shalllow subtidal facies of the Mid-LateProtero-zoic[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1998,68:716-722.
Knoll A H,Swett K.Carbonate deposition during the LateProterozoic era:An example from Spitsbergen[J].American Journal of Science,1990,290:104-132.
Kuang H W,Li Y X,Zheng Y T,et al.Biomarkers in theMolar Tooth(MT)Bearing Limestones in the Jilin-Liaoning Area of China[J].Chinese Journal ofGeochemistry,2004,23(4):334-341.
Meng X H,Ge M,LIU Y X,et al.Molar-tooth carbonatesequences and Sr isotopes in the Neoproterozoic forstratigraphic correlation:Research in the Jilin-Liaoning-Xuzhou-Huaiyang area of the Sino-Koreanplate and its correlation with the Yangtze Plate[J].Acta Geological Sinica-English Edition,2004,78(3):775-783.
Meng X H,Ge M.The sedimentary features of Proterozoicmicrospar(Molar-tooth)carbonates in China and theirsignificance[J].Episodes,2002,25(3):185-195.
Noffke N Gerdes G Klenke T,et al.Benthic cyanobacteriaand their influence on the sedimentary dynamics ofperitidal depositional systems(siliciclastic,evaporiticsalty and evaporitic carbonatic)[J].Earth-ScienceReviews,2003,62:163-176.
Noffke N Gerdes G Klenke T,Et,al.Microbially inducedsedimentary structures-a new category within theclassification of primary sedimentary structures[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research.2001,71(5):649-656.
Noffke N.Microbially induced sedimentary structures inArchean sandstones:A new window into early life[J].Gondwana Research,2007,11:336-342.
O'Connor M P.Classification and environmentalinterpretation of the cryptalgal organosedimentary"molar-tooth"structure from the Late PrecambrianBelt-Purcell Supergroup[J].Journal of Geology,1972,80:592-610.
Pollock M D,Kah L C,Bartley J K.Morphology of molar-tooth structures in precambrian carbonates:Influenceof substrate rheology and implications for genesis[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2006,76(1-2):310-323.
Pratt B R.Molar-tooth structure in Proterozoic carbonatesrocks:Origin from synsedimentary earthquake andimplications for the nature and evolution of basins andmarine sedimentary[J].G.S.A Bulletin,1998,110(8):1028-1045.
Pratt B R.Shrinkage features("Molar-Tooth"structure)in Proterozoic limestone:new model for their originthrough synsedimentary earthquake-induceddewatering[J].Geological Society of America,1992,24(7):53.
Qiao X F,Gao L Z,Peng Y,et al.Seismic event,sequenceand tectonic significance in Canglangpu Stage in Paleo-Tanlu Fault Zone[J].Science in China Series D-EarthSciences,2002,45(9):781-791.
Qiao X F,Gao L Z,Peng Y.Mesoproterozoic earthquakeevents and breakup of the Sino-Korean Plate[J].ActaGeological Sinica-English Edition,2007,81(3):385-397.
Smith A G.The origin and deformation of some molar-tooth structures in the Precambrian Belt-PurcellSupergroup[J].Journal of Geology,1968,76:426-443.
Yeo G M."Molar-tooth"structure and penecontemporaneous dolomitization of shallow-marine,Proterozoic carbonates[J].Geological Society ofAmerica,1978,10(7):520-536.
葛铭,孟祥化,旷红伟,等.微亮晶(臼齿)碳酸盐岩:21世纪全球地学研究的新热点[J].沉积学报,2003,21(1):81-89.
旷红伟,刘燕学,孟祥化,等.吉辽地区新元古代臼齿碳酸盐岩岩相的若干岩石学特征研究[J].地球学报,2004,25(6):647-652.
旷红伟,孟祥化,葛铭.臼齿碳酸盐岩成因探讨--以吉林-辽宁地区新元古界为例[J].古地理学报,2006,8(01):63-73.
刘为付,孟祥化,葛铭,等.皖北新元古代臼齿碳酸盐岩石学特征及沉积环境探讨[J].华东地质学院学报,2003,26(4):321-326.
刘为付,孟祥化,葛铭,等.徐淮地区上元古界臼齿构造碳酸盐岩事件[J].地质科技情报,2003,22(4):27-32.
刘燕学,柳永清,旷红伟.一种严格受控于环境和时间的特殊碳酸盐岩--臼齿构造碳酸盐岩[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(07):710-716.
梅冥相,高金汉,孟庆芬.从席底构造到第五类原生沉积构造:沉积学中具有重要意义的概念[J].现代地质,2006,20(0):413-422.
梅冥相,刘智荣,孟庆芬,等.南口虎峪中元古界大红峪组混积岩系的层序地层划分--海侵砂岩中的微生物席碎片简介[J].地质科技情报,2007,26(0):33-40.
梅冥相,孟庆芬,刘智荣.微生物形成的原生沉积构造研究进展综述[J].古地理学报,2007,9(4):354-367.
梅冥相.从凝块石概念的演变论微生物碳酸盐岩的研究进展[J].地质科技情报,2007,26(6):12-26.
梅冥相.天津蓟县剖面中元古界高于庄组臼齿状构造的层序地层位置及其成因的初步研究[J].古地理学报,2005,7(4):437-447.
梅冥相.微生物碳酸盐岩分类体系的修订:对灰岩成因-结构分类体系的补充[J].地学前缘,2007,14(5):597-614.
梅冥相.燕山地区中元古代高于庄组非叠层石碳酸盐岩序列的沉积特征及其重要意义[J].现代地质,2007,21(1):45-56.
梅冥相.中元古代叠层石-非叠层石碳酸盐岩层序地层序列及其沉积特征--以北京延庆千沟剖面高于庄组为例[J].现代地质,2007,21(2):387-396.
孟祥化,葛铭.中朝板块层序、事件和演化[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:117-141.
乔秀夫,高林志,彭阳,等.古郯庐带沧浪铺阶地震事件、层序及构造意义[J].中国科学D辑,2001,31(11):911-918.
乔秀夫,高林志.华北中新元古代及早古生代地震灾变事件及与Rodinia的关系[J].科学通报,1999,44(16):1753-1757.
乔秀夫,高林志.燕辽裂陷槽中元古代古地震与古地理[J].古地理学报,2007,9(04):337-352.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列[J].地质学报,1994,68(01):16-34.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,李海兵.是地震液化泄水成因,不是"渗流管"构造[J].科学通报,2002,47(14):1118-1120.
乔秀夫,高林志,彭阳.古郯庐带新元古界--灾变、层序、生物[M].北京:地质出版社,2001:1-26.
乔秀夫.中国震积岩的研究与展望[J].地质论评,1996,42(04):317-320.
KUANG H W,LIU Y X,MENG X H,et al.A study onthe environmental conditions of the microsparite(Molar-tooth)carbonates[J].Chinese Journal ofGeochemistry,2007,26(1):28-34.
Bauerman H.Report on the geology of the country near theforth-ninth parallel of North latitude West of the RockyMountains[J].Geological Survey of Canada Report,1885:1882-1884.
Bishop J W,Sumner D Y,Huerta N J.Molar toothstructures of the Neoarchean Monteville Formation,Transvaal Supergroup,South Africa.II:A wave-induced fluid flow model[J].Sedimentology,2006,53(5):1069-1082.
Bishop J W,Sumner D Y.Molar tooth structures of theNeoarchean Monteville Formation,TransvaalSupergroup,South Africa.I:Constraints onmicrocrystalline CaCO3precipitation[J].Sedimentology,2006,53(5):1049-1068.
Cowan C A,James N P.Diastasis cracks:mechanicallygenerated synaeresis-like cracks in the Upper CambrianShallow water oolite and ribbon carbonate[J].Sedimentology,1992,39:1101-1118.
Daly R A.Geology of the North American Cordillera at tforty-ninth parallel[J].Geological Survey of Canad1912,38:112-123.
Eby D E.Carbonate Sedimentation under Elevated Salinitiesand Implicatioins for the Origin of Molar-ToothStructure in the Middle Belt Carbonate Intervalnorthwesten Montana[J].Geological Society ofAmerica,1975,7:1063-1064.
Fairchild I J,Einsele G Song T.Possible seismic origin ofmolar tooth structures in Neoproterozoic carbonateramp deposits,north China[J].Sedimentology,1997,44:611-636.
Frank T D Lyobs T W."Molar-Tooth"structures:ageochemical perspective on a Proterozoic enigma[J].Geology,1998,26(8):683-686.
Furniss G,Rittle J F Winston D.Gas bubble and expansioncrack origin of"molar tooth"calcite structures in theMiddle Proterozoic Belt Supergroup[J].WesternMontana.Journal of Sedimentary Research,1997,68:104-114.
Grotzinger J P,James N P.Precambrian carbonates:Evolution of understanding[C].In Grotzinger J P,James N P(eds.),Carbonate Sedimentation andDiagenesis in the Evolving Precambrian World[M].SEPM Special Publication,2000,67:3-22.
James N P,Narbonne G M Sherman A G.Molar-toothcarbonates:shalllow subtidal facies of the Mid-LateProtero-zoic[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1998,68:716-722.
Knoll A H,Swett K.Carbonate deposition during the LateProterozoic era:An example from Spitsbergen[J].American Journal of Science,1990,290:104-132.
Kuang H W,Li Y X,Zheng Y T,et al.Biomarkers in theMolar Tooth(MT)Bearing Limestones in the Jilin-Liaoning Area of China[J].Chinese Journal ofGeochemistry,2004,23(4):334-341.
Meng X H,Ge M,LIU Y X,et al.Molar-tooth carbonatesequences and Sr isotopes in the Neoproterozoic forstratigraphic correlation:Research in the Jilin-Liaoning-Xuzhou-Huaiyang area of the Sino-Koreanplate and its correlation with the Yangtze Plate[J].Acta Geological Sinica-English Edition,2004,78(3):775-783.
Meng X H,Ge M.The sedimentary features of Proterozoicmicrospar(Molar-tooth)carbonates in China and theirsignificance[J].Episodes,2002,25(3):185-195.
Noffke N Gerdes G Klenke T,et al.Benthic cyanobacteriaand their influence on the sedimentary dynamics ofperitidal depositional systems(siliciclastic,evaporiticsalty and evaporitic carbonatic)[J].Earth-ScienceReviews,2003,62:163-176.
Noffke N Gerdes G Klenke T,Et,al.Microbially inducedsedimentary structures-a new category within theclassification of primary sedimentary structures[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research.2001,71(5):649-656.
Noffke N.Microbially induced sedimentary structures inArchean sandstones:A new window into early life[J].Gondwana Research,2007,11:336-342.
O'Connor M P.Classification and environmentalinterpretation of the cryptalgal organosedimentary"molar-tooth"structure from the Late PrecambrianBelt-Purcell Supergroup[J].Journal of Geology,1972,80:592-610.
Pollock M D,Kah L C,Bartley J K.Morphology of molar-tooth structures in precambrian carbonates:Influenceof substrate rheology and implications for genesis[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2006,76(1-2):310-323.
Pratt B R.Molar-tooth structure in Proterozoic carbonatesrocks:Origin from synsedimentary earthquake andimplications for the nature and evolution of basins andmarine sedimentary[J].G.S.A Bulletin,1998,110(8):1028-1045.
Pratt B R.Shrinkage features("Molar-Tooth"structure)in Proterozoic limestone:new model for their originthrough synsedimentary earthquake-induceddewatering[J].Geological Society of America,1992,24(7):53.
Qiao X F,Gao L Z,Peng Y,et al.Seismic event,sequenceand tectonic significance in Canglangpu Stage in Paleo-Tanlu Fault Zone[J].Science in China Series D-EarthSciences,2002,45(9):781-791.
Qiao X F,Gao L Z,Peng Y.Mesoproterozoic earthquakeevents and breakup of the Sino-Korean Plate[J].ActaGeological Sinica-English Edition,2007,81(3):385-397.
Smith A G.The origin and deformation of some molar-tooth structures in the Precambrian Belt-PurcellSupergroup[J].Journal of Geology,1968,76:426-443.
Yeo G M."Molar-tooth"structure and penecontemporaneous dolomitization of shallow-marine,Proterozoic carbonates[J].Geological Society ofAmerica,1978,10(7):520-536.
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