论地震作用和钢框架板件宽厚比限值的对应关系(下)——截面等级及宽厚比限值的界定
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摘要
板件宽厚比是表征钢结构延性的重要方面,也是控制耗钢量的关键指标。在保证结构安全可靠的前提下,合理控制抗震钢结构的板件宽厚比,对降低耗钢量,提高钢结构的经济性具有十分重要的工程实践意义。简要讨论抗震钢结构"高延性,低弹性承载力"和"低延性,高弹性承载力"两种抗震设计思路。在对比我国抗震规范与欧洲、美国、日本规范的抗震钢框架板件宽厚比限值的基础上,以底部剪力基本等价为前提,架通我国抗震规范第一水准设防地震作用FEK与欧洲EC8、日本BCJ规范的地震作用、板件宽厚比限值之间的联系桥梁。进而,提出以地震作用效应组合分级对应钢框架受力状态的方式确定框架构件截面等级,即按钢框架梁柱(抗侧力结构)的受力情况选择其相应的截面板件宽厚比。该方法可与现行抗震规范的体系配套,并使板件宽厚比限值的规定趋于合理,以供工程设计、抗震规范修订时参考。同时,指出目前一些抗震规程以"小震"作用界定板件宽厚比的做法偏于不安全,应及时纠正。
The width-thickness ratio of steel members is a key factor reflecting structural ductility and governing steel consu mptions. Under the precondition that structure safety is ensured, proper cont rol of width-thickness ratios for earthquake-resistant steel structure s h as a considerable directing meaning for steel consumption decreasing and economi cal efficiency improvement in engineering practices. It is briefly discussed the seismic design philosophy with two paths, i.e ., "high ductility with low elastic strength" and "low ductility with high e lastic strength". Limiting width-thickness ratios for earthquake-resistant steel frames stipulated by the Chinese seismic code are compared with those of European, US and Japanese codes, and a relationship of t he Chinese Level-1 seismic action F EK with seismic actions of EC8 and BCJ codes for width-thickness ratio classification is established based on the equiv al ence of base shears. Furthermore, a procedure is proposed to classify cross-sec tions by the loading behavior of steel frames corresponding to different seismic acting effect combinations, i.e., to choose width-thickness ratios according to the actual loading behavior of beams and columns (lateral force resisting s tructures) under seismic actions. The method is compatible with the Chinese se ismic code system and is more appropriate for the width-thickness ratio requirem ent.It may be a reference for project design and revision of seismic code s. Also, it is pointed out that the method by some seismic specifications usin g a minor earthquake action for determining limiting width-thickness ratios is o n an excessively dangerous side and should be prevented.
The width-thickness ratio of steel members is a key factor reflecting structural ductility and governing steel consu mptions. Under the precondition that structure safety is ensured, proper cont rol of width-thickness ratios for earthquake-resistant steel structure s h as a considerable directing meaning for steel consumption decreasing and economi cal efficiency improvement in engineering practices. It is briefly discussed the seismic design philosophy with two paths, i.e ., "high ductility with low elastic strength" and "low ductility with high e lastic strength". Limiting width-thickness ratios for earthquake-resistant steel frames stipulated by the Chinese seismic code are compared with those of European, US and Japanese codes, and a relationship of t he Chinese Level-1 seismic action F EK with seismic actions of EC8 and BCJ codes for width-thickness ratio classification is established based on the equiv al ence of base shears. Furthermore, a procedure is proposed to classify cross-sec tions by the loading behavior of steel frames corresponding to different seismic acting effect combinations, i.e., to choose width-thickness ratios according to the actual loading behavior of beams and columns (lateral force resisting s tructures) under seismic actions. The method is compatible with the Chinese se ismic code system and is more appropriate for the width-thickness ratio requirem ent.It may be a reference for project design and revision of seismic code s. Also, it is pointed out that the method by some seismic specifications usin g a minor earthquake action for determining limiting width-thickness ratios is o n an excessively dangerous side and should be prevented.
引文
1 International Code Council·2006International Building Code·2006
2 International Conference of Building Officials·UBC97.Uniform Building Code·Whittier:1997
3 Building Seismic Safety Council·NEHRP Recommended Provi-sions for Seismic Regulations for NewBuildings and Other Struc-tures(FEMA450)(2003Edition).Part1:Provisions·Wash-ington D·C:2004
4 European Commission for Standardization·European Committee for Standardization·CEN·prEN1998-1:2003Eurocode8(Stage49Draft No.6):Design of Structures for Earthquake Re-sistance,Part1:General Rules,Seismic Actions and Rules for Buildings·Brussels:2003
5 日本建筑センタ一·建筑物の构造关系技术基准解说书.2007年版·2007
6 Veletsos AS,Newmark N M·Effect of Inelastic Behavior onthe Response of Si mple Systems to Earthquake Motions//Proc·Sec-ond World Conf·Earthquake Eng·Tokyo:1960:895-912
7 Andrew King·Earthquake Loads&Earthquake Resistant De-sign of Buildings·http://www·branz·co·nz/branzltd/publica-tions/pdfs/cp55·doc
8 Robert Tremblay·New Canadian Seismic Design Provisions for Steel Structures//Proc·7th Pacific Structural Steel Conference·Long Beach:2004
9 GB50011-2001 建筑抗震设计规范
10CECS160∶2004 建筑工程抗震性态设计通则(试用)
11GB50017-2003 钢结构设计规范
12European Committee for Standardization·CEN·prEN1993-1-1:2003Eurocode3(Stage49draft):Design of Steel Struc-tures,Part1-1:General Rules and Rules for Buildings·Brus-sels:2003
13American Institute of Steel Construction·ANSI/AISC341-05.Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings·2005
14American Institute of Steel Construction·ANSI/AISC360-05.Specification for Structural Steel Buildings·2005
15American Institute of Steel Construction·Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification·1999
16American Society of Civil Engineers·ASCE Standard.ASCE/SEI7-05.Mini mum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures·2006
17日本建筑学会·钢构造设计规准———许容应力度设计法·2005
18日本钢构造协会.わかりやすい铁骨の设计.第三版·技报堂出版,2005
19SAC.Recommended Seismic Design Criteria for New Steel Mo-ment-Frame Buildings(FEMA350).Washington D.C:2000
20SAC.Recommended Seismic Evaluation and Upgrade Criteria for Existing Welded Steel Moment-Frame Buildings(FEMA351).Washington D.C:2000
21 Masayoshi Nakashi ma,Charles W·Roeder,Yoshiomi Maruoka·Steel Moment Frames for Earthquakes in United States and Ja-pan·Journal of Structural Engineering,2000(8):861-886
22 陈以一,周锋,陈城·宽肢薄腹H形截面钢柱的滞回性能·世界地震工程,2002,18(4):23-29
23 DGJ108-9-2003 建筑抗震设计规程
24 《钢结构设计手册》编辑委员会·钢结构设计手册(上册).第三版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004:463
25 CECS102∶2002 门式刚架轻型房屋钢结构技术规程
26 Kappos A J·Evaluation of Behavior Factors on the Basis of Ductility and Overstrength Studies·Engineering Structures,1999,21:823-836
27 Anil K·Chopra·结构动力学理论及其在地震工程中的应用.第二版·谢礼立,吕大刚,译·北京:高等教育出版社,2007:579-580
28 构筑物抗震规范(送审稿).2007
2 International Conference of Building Officials·UBC97.Uniform Building Code·Whittier:1997
3 Building Seismic Safety Council·NEHRP Recommended Provi-sions for Seismic Regulations for NewBuildings and Other Struc-tures(FEMA450)(2003Edition).Part1:Provisions·Wash-ington D·C:2004
4 European Commission for Standardization·European Committee for Standardization·CEN·prEN1998-1:2003Eurocode8(Stage49Draft No.6):Design of Structures for Earthquake Re-sistance,Part1:General Rules,Seismic Actions and Rules for Buildings·Brussels:2003
5 日本建筑センタ一·建筑物の构造关系技术基准解说书.2007年版·2007
6 Veletsos AS,Newmark N M·Effect of Inelastic Behavior onthe Response of Si mple Systems to Earthquake Motions//Proc·Sec-ond World Conf·Earthquake Eng·Tokyo:1960:895-912
7 Andrew King·Earthquake Loads&Earthquake Resistant De-sign of Buildings·http://www·branz·co·nz/branzltd/publica-tions/pdfs/cp55·doc
8 Robert Tremblay·New Canadian Seismic Design Provisions for Steel Structures//Proc·7th Pacific Structural Steel Conference·Long Beach:2004
9 GB50011-2001 建筑抗震设计规范
10CECS160∶2004 建筑工程抗震性态设计通则(试用)
11GB50017-2003 钢结构设计规范
12European Committee for Standardization·CEN·prEN1993-1-1:2003Eurocode3(Stage49draft):Design of Steel Struc-tures,Part1-1:General Rules and Rules for Buildings·Brus-sels:2003
13American Institute of Steel Construction·ANSI/AISC341-05.Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings·2005
14American Institute of Steel Construction·ANSI/AISC360-05.Specification for Structural Steel Buildings·2005
15American Institute of Steel Construction·Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification·1999
16American Society of Civil Engineers·ASCE Standard.ASCE/SEI7-05.Mini mum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures·2006
17日本建筑学会·钢构造设计规准———许容应力度设计法·2005
18日本钢构造协会.わかりやすい铁骨の设计.第三版·技报堂出版,2005
19SAC.Recommended Seismic Design Criteria for New Steel Mo-ment-Frame Buildings(FEMA350).Washington D.C:2000
20SAC.Recommended Seismic Evaluation and Upgrade Criteria for Existing Welded Steel Moment-Frame Buildings(FEMA351).Washington D.C:2000
21 Masayoshi Nakashi ma,Charles W·Roeder,Yoshiomi Maruoka·Steel Moment Frames for Earthquakes in United States and Ja-pan·Journal of Structural Engineering,2000(8):861-886
22 陈以一,周锋,陈城·宽肢薄腹H形截面钢柱的滞回性能·世界地震工程,2002,18(4):23-29
23 DGJ108-9-2003 建筑抗震设计规程
24 《钢结构设计手册》编辑委员会·钢结构设计手册(上册).第三版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004:463
25 CECS102∶2002 门式刚架轻型房屋钢结构技术规程
26 Kappos A J·Evaluation of Behavior Factors on the Basis of Ductility and Overstrength Studies·Engineering Structures,1999,21:823-836
27 Anil K·Chopra·结构动力学理论及其在地震工程中的应用.第二版·谢礼立,吕大刚,译·北京:高等教育出版社,2007:579-580
28 构筑物抗震规范(送审稿).2007
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