挠曲作用的形变响应及其识别特征
摘要
对挠曲作用的形变响应和地震响应进行了分析,探讨了挠曲作用的构造单元、动力学背景和响应沉积层序等。分析结果表明,挠曲作用诱发的挠曲滑动主要发生在2种界面上,一是大的岩性界面,二是因挠曲作用而形成的挠曲滑动界面,从而形成了响应于挠曲构造活动的独特的地震特征。对刚性地层和塑性地层而言,挠曲作用会形成不同的响应:刚性岩层发生诸如层内断裂之类的脆性形变,并认为挠曲作用可为层内断裂的一种新成因;塑性岩层则以颈缩、塑性流动、蠕变、揉皱等形变为主。所有这些形变特征,组成了一个由裂隙、层内断裂、错滑面等组成的彼此连通的空间立体网络,为流体的流动、物化反应和水岩反应提供了一个便捷畅通的网络体系,该体系不同于通常意义上由断层、渗透砂体和不整合面组成的输导体系。
The deforming responses and seismic responses of the flexing were analyzed,and the tectonic units,dynamic context and the sedimentary sequences were studied.The results show that the flexural-slipping induced by flexing occurrs on lithological interface and flexural-slipping interface formed by flexing.These two different genetic horizons exhibit unique seismic response.High-competent strata and ductile strata can exhibit different strain characteristics under the same flexural stress,the former is dominated with the brittle strain such as the fault and fracture,the latter correspond to necking,ductile flow,plastic creep,crumpling etc.All these characteristics strain constitute the cubic,large-scale,interconnected meshwork including intra-bed faults or fractures,opened fissures,slipping surface,and detached fissures.This meshwork make the fluid flow,physico-chemical action,water-rock action more practical.The meshwork is quite different from the conventionally transport systems which consist of faults,permeable sandstone strata and unconformities.
The deforming responses and seismic responses of the flexing were analyzed,and the tectonic units,dynamic context and the sedimentary sequences were studied.The results show that the flexural-slipping induced by flexing occurrs on lithological interface and flexural-slipping interface formed by flexing.These two different genetic horizons exhibit unique seismic response.High-competent strata and ductile strata can exhibit different strain characteristics under the same flexural stress,the former is dominated with the brittle strain such as the fault and fracture,the latter correspond to necking,ductile flow,plastic creep,crumpling etc.All these characteristics strain constitute the cubic,large-scale,interconnected meshwork including intra-bed faults or fractures,opened fissures,slipping surface,and detached fissures.This meshwork make the fluid flow,physico-chemical action,water-rock action more practical.The meshwork is quite different from the conventionally transport systems which consist of faults,permeable sandstone strata and unconformities.
引文
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[19]WEERING TC E,NIELSEN T,KENYON N H,et al.Large submarine slides on the NE Faroe continental mar-gin[C]//STOKER M S,EVANS D,CRAMP A.Geo-logical processes on continental margin:sedimentation,mass-wasting and stability.Geological Society,London:Special Publication,1998,129:5-17.
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[23]王海荣,王英民,刘振湖,等.台湾西部前陆盆地和帝汶海前陆盆地的比较学研究[J].大地构造与成矿学,2007,31(2):137-144.WANG Hai-rong,WANG Ying-min,LIU Zhen-hu,etal.A comparable study involving the western Taiwanforeland and timor sea foreland[J].Geotectonica etMetallogenia,2007,31(2):137-144.
[24]王海荣,王英民,刘振湖,等.前陆背景下的两种正断裂现象及其相互作用模式[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(6):83-90.WANG Hai-rong,WANG Ying-min,LIU Zhen-hu,etal.Two types of normal faulting and interplaying modebetween them within the context of foreland[J].Ad-vances in Earth Science,2006,21(6):83-90.
[25]王英民,金武弟,刘书会,等.断陷湖盆多级坡折带的成因类型、展布及其勘探意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,24(3):199-214.WANG Ying-min,JIN Wu-di,LIUShu-hui,et al.Ge-netic types,distribution and exploration significance ofmultistage slope breaks in rift lacustrine basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2003,24(3):199-214.
[26]DAVIES R,CLOKE I,CARTWRIGHT J,et al.Post-breakup compression of a passive margin and its impacton hydrocarbon prospectivity:an example from the Terti-ary of the Faeroe—Shetland Basin,United Kingdom[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(1):1-20.
[27]CARTWRIGHT J A,DEWHURST D N.Layer-boundcompaction faults in fine-grained sediments[J].Geolog-ical Society of American Bulletin,1998,110:1 242-1257.
[28]CARTWRIGHT J A.Episodic basin-wide fluid expul-sion from geopressured shale sequence in the North SeaBasin[J].Geology,1994,22:447-450.
[29]CARTWRIGHT J A.Episodic basin-wide hydrofractur-ing of overpressured early Cenozoic mudrock sequencesin the North Sea Basin[J].Marine and Petroleum Geol-ogy,1994,11:587-607.
[30]CARTWRIGHT J A,LONERGAN L.Volumetric con-traction during the compaction of mudrocks:a mecha-nism for the development of regional-scale polygonalfault systems[J].Basin Research,1996,8:183-193.
[31]LONERGAN L,CARTWRIGHT J A,JOLLY R.Thegeometry of polygonal fault systems in Tertiary mudrocksof the North Sea[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1998,20:529-548.
[32]LONERGAN L,CARTWRIGHT J A.Polygonal faultsand their influence on deep-water sandstone reservoirgeometries,Alba field,United Kingdom Central NorthSea[J].AAPG Bulletin,1999,83(3):410-432.
[2]PETKOVIC P,COLLINS C D N,FINLAYSON D M.Acrustal transect between Precambrian Australia and theTimor Trough across the Vulcan sub-basin[J].Tectono-physics,2000,329:23-38.
[3]CLIFT P,LIN J,BARCKHAUSEN U.Evidence of lowflexural rigidity and low viscosity lower continental crustduring continental break-up in the south China Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2002,19:951-970.
[4]HORNE R,CULSHAW N.Flexural-slip folding in theMeguma group,Nova Scotia,Canada[J].Journal ofStructural Geology,2001,23:1631-1652.
[5]LAGOEIRO L,HIPPERTT J,LANA C.Deformationpartitioning during folding and transposition of quartzlayers[J].Tectonophysics,2003,361:171-186.
[6]RAMSAY J G.Folding and fracturing of rocks[M].NewYork:McGraw-Hill,1967.
[7]RAMSAY J G.Development of chevron folds[J].Bulle-tin of the Geological Society of America,1974,85:1741-1754.
[8]CHAPPELL W M,SPANG J H.Significance of layer-parallel slip during folding of layered sedimentary rocks[J].Bulletin of the Geological Society of America,1974,85:1523-1534.
[9]RAMSAY J G,HUBER M I.The techniques of modernstructural geology(Vol.2):Fold and fractures[M].London:Academic Press,1987.
[10]TANNER P W G.The flexural-slip mechanism[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1989,11:635-655.
[11]TANNER P W G.The flexural-slip mechanism:reply[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1990,12:1085-1087.
[12]TANNER P W G.Morphology and geometry of duplexesformed during flexural-slip folding[J].Journal of Struc-tural Geology,1992,14:1173-1192.
[13]SHAW J H,CONNORS C,SUPPE J.Seismic interpre-tation of contractional fault-related folds-an AAPG seis-mic atlas[M].AAPG Publication,2005.
[14]ROWAN M G,LINARES R.Fold evolution matricesand axial surface analysis of fault-bend folds:applica-tion to the medina anticline,eastern Cordillera,Colom-bia[J].AAPG Bulletin,2000,84(6):741-764.
[15]FISCHER M P,JACKSON P B.Stratigraphic controlson eformation patterns in fault——related folds:a de-tachment fold example from the Sierra Madre Oriental,northeast Mexico[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1999,21:613-633.
[16]DAVIS G H,REYNOLDS S J.Structural geology ofrocks and regions[M].New York:John Wiley&SonsInc,1996.
[17]DAVISON I,ALSOP I,BIRCHP,et al.Geometry andlate-stage structural evolution of central Graben salt dia-pirs,North Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2000,17:499-522.
[18]SULTAN N,COCHONAT P,CAYOCCA F,et al.A-nalysis of submarine slumping in the gabon continentalslope[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(6):781-799.
[19]WEERING TC E,NIELSEN T,KENYON N H,et al.Large submarine slides on the NE Faroe continental mar-gin[C]//STOKER M S,EVANS D,CRAMP A.Geo-logical processes on continental margin:sedimentation,mass-wasting and stability.Geological Society,London:Special Publication,1998,129:5-17.
[20]XIE X N,LI S T,DONG W L,et al.Overpressure de-velopment and hydrofracturing in the Yinggehai Basin,south China Sea[J].Jounnal of Petroleum Geology,1999,22(4):437-454.
[21]BRADLEY D C,KIDD W S F.Flexural extension of theupper continental crust in collisional foredeeps[J].Ge-ological Society of American Bulletin,1991,103:1 416-1438.
[22]LONDO O J,LORENZO J M.Geodynamics of conti-nental plate collision during late tertiary foreland basinevolution in the Timor Sea:constraints from foreland se-quences,elastic flexure and normal faulting[J],Tec-tonophysics,2004,392:37-54.
[23]王海荣,王英民,刘振湖,等.台湾西部前陆盆地和帝汶海前陆盆地的比较学研究[J].大地构造与成矿学,2007,31(2):137-144.WANG Hai-rong,WANG Ying-min,LIU Zhen-hu,etal.A comparable study involving the western Taiwanforeland and timor sea foreland[J].Geotectonica etMetallogenia,2007,31(2):137-144.
[24]王海荣,王英民,刘振湖,等.前陆背景下的两种正断裂现象及其相互作用模式[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(6):83-90.WANG Hai-rong,WANG Ying-min,LIU Zhen-hu,etal.Two types of normal faulting and interplaying modebetween them within the context of foreland[J].Ad-vances in Earth Science,2006,21(6):83-90.
[25]王英民,金武弟,刘书会,等.断陷湖盆多级坡折带的成因类型、展布及其勘探意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,24(3):199-214.WANG Ying-min,JIN Wu-di,LIUShu-hui,et al.Ge-netic types,distribution and exploration significance ofmultistage slope breaks in rift lacustrine basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2003,24(3):199-214.
[26]DAVIES R,CLOKE I,CARTWRIGHT J,et al.Post-breakup compression of a passive margin and its impacton hydrocarbon prospectivity:an example from the Terti-ary of the Faeroe—Shetland Basin,United Kingdom[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(1):1-20.
[27]CARTWRIGHT J A,DEWHURST D N.Layer-boundcompaction faults in fine-grained sediments[J].Geolog-ical Society of American Bulletin,1998,110:1 242-1257.
[28]CARTWRIGHT J A.Episodic basin-wide fluid expul-sion from geopressured shale sequence in the North SeaBasin[J].Geology,1994,22:447-450.
[29]CARTWRIGHT J A.Episodic basin-wide hydrofractur-ing of overpressured early Cenozoic mudrock sequencesin the North Sea Basin[J].Marine and Petroleum Geol-ogy,1994,11:587-607.
[30]CARTWRIGHT J A,LONERGAN L.Volumetric con-traction during the compaction of mudrocks:a mecha-nism for the development of regional-scale polygonalfault systems[J].Basin Research,1996,8:183-193.
[31]LONERGAN L,CARTWRIGHT J A,JOLLY R.Thegeometry of polygonal fault systems in Tertiary mudrocksof the North Sea[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1998,20:529-548.
[32]LONERGAN L,CARTWRIGHT J A.Polygonal faultsand their influence on deep-water sandstone reservoirgeometries,Alba field,United Kingdom Central NorthSea[J].AAPG Bulletin,1999,83(3):410-432.
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