塔里木盆地北部库车地区秋里塔格构造带地层结构及其对构造变形的制约
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摘要
本文利用露头、钻井、航空照片和地震反射等资料,通过地层对比与构造分析等综合研究手段,分段解剖了秋里塔格构造带地层结构与构造变形特征,进而探讨了地层结构对构造变形和油气成藏的影响。秋里塔格构造带东、西地层结构有显著差异,发育几套非能干层,如膏盐岩和煤系等塑性地层,其发育层位和展布范围侧向变化迅速,形成多个滑脱面,将中新生代变形地层分为深、浅两套变形序列。受滑脱面侧向变化的控制,深、浅变形序列卷入地层及其构造样式和类型发生相应的转变。此外,受不同的地层结构和构造演化背景的控制,该带东、西形成两种截然不同的油气成藏类型,即近源垂向运移型和远源侧向运移型。
The Qiultaq anticline belt lies to the front of the Kuqa fold-and-thrust belt along the south piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains. In order to better understand the structural style variation and its effect on hydrocarbon accumulation along the strike of the Qiultaq anticline belt, both structural style and stratigraphy of different parts of the belt were investigated in details. The synthesized structural analyses demonstrated that the stratigraphic configuration varied along the strike of the belt. The paper proposed that the stratigraphy played an important role in the variations in deformation style. Several different detachments were identified along the Qiultag anticline belt, and their location and extent were controlled by stratigraphy. Vertically, these detachments acted as an interface, separating the strata into the upper and the lower deformed stratigraphic successions. Laterally, the detachments changed rapidly, which resulted in a corresponding transformation in the deformational styles. The change and dying-out of detachments with depth was responsible for the forming of oblique/lateral ramps and terminated folds in the lower deformed stratigraphic sussession. In addition, the formation of hydrocarbon reservoirs was also largely controlled by the stratigraphic variation, so that the reservoir-formation characters were obviously different between the eastern and western parts of the Qiultag anticline belt.
The Qiultaq anticline belt lies to the front of the Kuqa fold-and-thrust belt along the south piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains. In order to better understand the structural style variation and its effect on hydrocarbon accumulation along the strike of the Qiultaq anticline belt, both structural style and stratigraphy of different parts of the belt were investigated in details. The synthesized structural analyses demonstrated that the stratigraphic configuration varied along the strike of the belt. The paper proposed that the stratigraphy played an important role in the variations in deformation style. Several different detachments were identified along the Qiultag anticline belt, and their location and extent were controlled by stratigraphy. Vertically, these detachments acted as an interface, separating the strata into the upper and the lower deformed stratigraphic successions. Laterally, the detachments changed rapidly, which resulted in a corresponding transformation in the deformational styles. The change and dying-out of detachments with depth was responsible for the forming of oblique/lateral ramps and terminated folds in the lower deformed stratigraphic sussession. In addition, the formation of hydrocarbon reservoirs was also largely controlled by the stratigraphic variation, so that the reservoir-formation characters were obviously different between the eastern and western parts of the Qiultag anticline belt.
引文
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汤良杰,贾承造,金之均,皮学军,陈书平,谢会文.2003.库车前陆褶皱冲断带中段第三系盐枕构造.地质科学,38(3):281—290.TangLiangjie,JiaChengzao,JinZhijun,PiXuejun,ChenShupingandXieHuiwen.2003.TertiarysaltpillowstructuresinthecentralsectoroftheKuqaforelandfoldandthrustbelt,Tarimbasin,NorthwestChina.ChineseJour.Geol.,38(3):281—290.
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管树巍,汪新,杨树峰,赵卫东,徐峰,雷刚林.2003.南天山库车秋里塔格褶皱带三维构造分析.地质论评,49(5):464—473.GuanShuwei,WangXin,YangShufeng,ZhaoWeidong,XiuFengandLeiGanglin.2003.3DstructuralanalysisontheKuqa’sQiulitaganticlinezoneonthesourthernTianshanmountains,China.Geol.Rev.,49(5):464—473.
何登发,吕修祥,林永汉,董大忠.1996.前陆盆地分析.北京:石油工业出版社.35—67.HeDenfa,L櫣Xiuxiang,LinYonghanandDongDazhong.1996.AnalysisofForelandBasin.Beijing:PetroleumIndustryPress.35—67.
何光玉,卢华复,李树新.2003.库车盆地秋里塔格构造带构造圈闭及油气勘探方向.地质科学,38(4):506—513.HeGuangyu,LuHuafuandLiShuxin.2003.StructuretrapsandpetroleumexplorationpotentialsoftheQiulitagestructurebeltintheKuqaBasin,NWChina.ChineseJour.Geol.,38(4):506—513.
胡剑风,刘玉魁,杨明慧,郑多明,刘虎,雷刚林,周厉.2004.塔里木盆地库车坳陷盐构造特征及其与油气关系.地质科学,39(4):580—588.HuJianfeng,LiuYukui,YangMinghui,ZhengDuoming,LiuHu,LeiGanglinandZhouLi.2004.SaltstructurecharacteristicsanditsrelationtohydrocarbonaccumulationintheKuqaDepression,TarimBasin.ChineseJour.Geol.,39(4):580—588.
贾承造,魏国齐.2002a.塔里木盆地构造特征与含油气性.科学通报,47(增刊):1—8.JiaChengzaoandWeiGuoqi.2002a.StructuralcharacteristicsandpetroliferousfeaturesofTarimBasin.ChineseSci.Bull.,47(Suppl.):1—11.
贾承造,顾家裕,张光亚.2002b.库车坳陷大中型气田形成的地质条件.科学通报.47(增刊):49—55.JiaChengzao,GuJiayuandZhangGuangya.2002b.GeologicalconstraintsofgiantandmediumsizedgasfieldsinKuqaDepression.ChineseSci.Bull.,47(Suppl.):47—54.
贾承造,魏国齐.2003a.“九五”期间塔里木盆地构造研究成果概述.石油勘探与开发,30(1):11—14.JiaChengzaoandWeiGuoqi.2003a.ThesummaryoftheachievementsonthetectonicresearchesinTarimbasinduringtheperiodof9thfiveyearplan.PetroleumExplorationandDevelopment,30(1):11—14.
贾承造,魏国齐,李本亮,肖安成,冉启贵.2003b.中国中西部两期前陆盆地的形成及其控气作用.石油学报,24(2):13—17.JiaChengzao,WeiGuoqi,LiBenliang,XiaoAnchengandRanQigui.2003b.TectonicevolutionoftwoepochforelandbasinsanditscontrolfornaturalgasaccumulationinChinasmidwesternareas.ActaPetroleiSinica,24(2):13—17.
卢华复,陈楚铭,刘志宏,贾东,王国强,贾承造.2000.库车再生前陆逆冲带的构造特征与成因.石油学报,21(3):18—24.LuHuafu,ChenChuming,LiuZhihong,JiaDong,WangGuoqiangandJiaChengzao.2000.ThestructuralfeaturesandoriginoftheKuqarejuvenationforelandthrustbelt.ActaPetroleiSinica,21(3):18—24.
卢华复,贾承造,贾东,陈楚铭,刘志宏,王国强,王胜利.2001.库车再生前陆盆地冲断构造楔特征.高校地质学报,7(3):257—271.LuHuafu,JiaChengzao,JiaDong,ChenChuming,LiuZhihong,WangGuoqiangandWangShengli.2001.FeaturesofthethrustwedgeofdeformationbeltinKuqarejuvenatedforelandbasin.GeologicalJournalofChinaUniversities,7(3):257—271.
苗继军.2002.库车前陆盆地秋里塔格构造带构造样式解析与含油气性评价〔硕士学位论文〕.北京:中国石油勘探开发研究院.23—44.MiaoJijun.2002.StructureStyleParsingandOilandGasEvaluatationofQuilitakAnticlineBeltofKucheForlandBasin(MasterDegreeThesis).Beijing:ResearchInstituteofPetroleumExplorationandDevelopmentofChina.23—44.
齐英敏,苗继军,马全天,吴建国,张国伟,叶林,李毓丰,桑洪.2004.新疆库车地区秋里塔格构造带成因分析.地质科学,39(4):561—570.QiYingmin,MiaoJijun,MaQuantian,WuJianguo,ZhangGuowei,YeLin,LiYufengandSangHong.2004.MechanicalanalysisontheQiulitagestructuralbeltinKuqaarea,Xingjiang.ChineseJour.Geol.,39(4):561—570.
汤良杰,贾承造,金之均,皮学军,陈书平,谢会文.2003.库车前陆褶皱冲断带中段第三系盐枕构造.地质科学,38(3):281—290.TangLiangjie,JiaChengzao,JinZhijun,PiXuejun,ChenShupingandXieHuiwen.2003.TertiarysaltpillowstructuresinthecentralsectoroftheKuqaforelandfoldandthrustbelt,Tarimbasin,NorthwestChina.ChineseJour.Geol.,38(3):281—290.
王清华,杨明慧,吕修祥.2004.库车褶皱冲断带秋里塔格构造带东西分段构造特征与油气聚集.地质科学,39(4):523—531.WangQinghua,YangMinghuiandL櫣Xiuxiang.2004.FeaturesofstructuralsegmentationandaccumulationofoilandgasintheQiulitagestructuralbelt,Kuqafoldandthrustbelt.ChineseJour.Geol.,39(4):523—531.
魏国齐,贾承造,施央申,卢华复,李亚红.2001.塔北隆起北部中新生界张扭性断裂系统特征.石油学报.22(1):19—24.WeiGuoqi,JiaChengzao,ShiYangshen,LuHuafuandLiYahong.2001.TectoniccharacteristicsandpetroleumaccumulationinextensionalshearfaultsysteminMesozoicCenozoicformationsinthenorthernareaofTabeiuplift,Tarim.ActaPetroleiSinica,22(1):19—24.
邬光辉,郑多明.2004.塔里木北部地区北北西向构造变换带特征及对石油勘探的启示.地质科学,39(4):551—560.WuGuanghuiandZhengDuoming.2004.FeaturesofNNWstrikingstructuraltransferzoneinnorthTarimanditsinspirationforoilexploration.ChineseJour.Geol.,39(4):551—560.
BayonaG,ThomasWAandVanderVooR.2003.Kinematicsofthrustsheetswithintransversezones:astructuralandpaleomagneticinvestigationintheAppalachianthrustbeltofGeorgiaandAlabama.Jour.Struc.Geol.,25(8):1193—1212.
BoyerSEandElliotD.1982.Thrustsystems.AAPGBull.,66:1196—1230.
CalassouS,LarroqueCandMalavieilleJ.1993.Transferzonesofdeformationinthrustwedge:anexperimentalstudy.Tectonophysics,221:325—344.
CouzensBAandWiltschkoDV.1996.Thecontrolofmechanicalstratigraphyontheformationoftrianglezones.BulletinofCanadianPetroleumGeology,44(2):165—179.
ElliottD.1976.Theenergybalanceanddeformationmechanismsofthrustsheets.PhilosophicalTransactionsofRoyalSocietyofLondon,283:289—312.
HowardAP.2000.LateralRampsintheFoldedAppalachiansandinOverthrustBeltsWorldwide—AFundamentalElementofThrustBeltArchitecture.U.S.Geol.Surv.Bull.2163.Washington:UnitedStatesGovernmentPrintingOffice.1—7.
LuHF,HowellDG,JiaD,CaiDS,WuSM,ChenCM,ShiYSandValinZC.1994.RejuvenationoftheKuqaForelandBasin,northernflankoftheTarimBasin,northernChina.Inter.Geol.Rev.,36:1151—1158.
LujanM,StortiF,BalanyaJC,CrespoBlancAandRossettiF.2003.RoleofdecollementmaterialwithrheologicalpropertiesinthestructureoftheAljibethrustimbricate(FlyschTrough,GibraltarArc):ananaloguemodelingapproach.Jour.Struc.Geol.,25:867—881.
RichardHandGroshongJr.1999.3DStructuralGeology.Berlin:SpringerVerlag.203—205.
SchreursG,HanniRandVockP.2002.Analoguemodellingoftransferzonesinfoldandthrustbelts:a4Danalysis.in:SchellartWPandPasschierC.eds.AnalogueModellingofLargeScaleTectonicProcesses.JournaloftheVirtualExplorer,6:43—49.
ShawJH,HookSCandSuppeJ.1994.Structuraltrendanalysisbyaxialsurfacemapping.AAPGBull.,78(5):700—721.
WilkersonMS.1992.Differentialtransportandcontinuityofthrustsheets.Jour.Struc.Geol.,14(6):749—751.
WilkersonMS,ApotriaTandFaridT.2002.Interpretingthegeologicmapexpressionofcontractionalfaultrelatedfoldterminations:lateral/obliquerampsversusdisplacementgradients.Jour.Struc.Geol.,24(4):593—607.
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