西北地区地下水资源分布及开发利用状况
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摘要
在对西北地区地下水资源分布特征及其开发利用状况,开发利用程度,超采及开采潜力区进行分析基础上,提出了西北地区地下水资源在开发利用过程中存在的河流上中游用水过多,造成下游河道干涸,地下水位下降,荒漠化,沙漠化扩大;灌溉等盐渍化有所扩展,草场退化等环境问题;建议根据水资源潜力和环境容量制定合理开发规划,量入为出,以供定需。以系统观点整体规划流域上、下流的供水;规划管理必须确保绿洲的安全用水和生态用水,坚持经济与环境协调发展。
On the basis of analyzing distribution characteristics,exploitation and utilization status,excessive exploitation and potential exploitation district of groundwater resources in the Northwestern area,putting forward some environmental questions for the process of groundwater resources exploitation and utilization in the Northwestern area,such as,too much water is used for the upstream and middle reaches of a river,which lead to river downstream dry,groundwater table declining,expansion of desertification and desertification,development of salinization,and grassland degradation.Suggesting that set down the reasonable exploitation and utilization programming on the basis of water resources potential and environmental capacity.Programming the water supply of river upstream and downstream wholly by systemic perspective.Programming and management should insure the safety and ecology of water utilization of oasis.Insist on the coordinated development of economy and environment.
On the basis of analyzing distribution characteristics,exploitation and utilization status,excessive exploitation and potential exploitation district of groundwater resources in the Northwestern area,putting forward some environmental questions for the process of groundwater resources exploitation and utilization in the Northwestern area,such as,too much water is used for the upstream and middle reaches of a river,which lead to river downstream dry,groundwater table declining,expansion of desertification and desertification,development of salinization,and grassland degradation.Suggesting that set down the reasonable exploitation and utilization programming on the basis of water resources potential and environmental capacity.Programming the water supply of river upstream and downstream wholly by systemic perspective.Programming and management should insure the safety and ecology of water utilization of oasis.Insist on the coordinated development of economy and environment.
引文
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[2]陈梦熊,马凤山.中国地下水资源与环境[M].北京:地震出版社,2002.315-352.Chen Mengxiong,Ma Fengshan.China Groundwater Resources and Environment[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,2002.315-352.
[3]张宗祜,李烈荣.中国地下水资源(综合卷)[M].北京:中国地图出版社,2004.122-125,194-211.Zhang Zonghu,Li lierong.China Groundwater Resources(synthesis volume)[M].Beijing:SinoMaps Press,2004.122-125;194-211.
[4]张宗祜,李烈荣.中国地下水资源与环境图集[M].北京:中国地图出版社,2004.36-37.Zhang Zonghu,Li lierong.Atlas of China Groundwater Re-sources and Environment[M].Beijing:Sino Maps Press,2004.36-37.
[5]张宗祜,李烈荣.中国地下水资源(内蒙卷)[M].北京:中国地图出版社,2005.143-154.Zhang Zonghu,Li lierong.China Groundwater Resources(nei meng volume)[M].Beijing:SinoMaps Press,2005.108-118.
[6]张宗祜,李烈荣.中国地下水资源(陕西卷)[M].北京:中国地图出版社,2005.108-118.Zhang Zonghu,Li lierong.China Groundwater Resources(shanxi volume)[M].Beijing:SinoMaps Press,2005.108-118.
[7]张宗祜,李烈荣.中国地下水资源(甘肃卷)[M].北京:中国地图出版社,2005.126-135.Zhang Zonghu,Li lierong.China Groundwater Resources(gansu volume)[M].Beijing:SinoMaps Press,2005.126-135.
[8]张宗祜,李烈荣.中国地下水资源(青海卷)[M].北京:中国地图出版社,2005.101-113.Zhang Zonghu,Li lierong.China Groundwater Resources(qinghai volume)[M].Beijing:SinoMaps Press,2005.101-113.
[9]张宗祜,李烈荣.中国地下水资源(宁夏卷)[M].北京:中国地图出版社,2005.77-84.Zhang Zonghu,Li lierong.China Groundwater Resources(ningxia volume)[M].Beijing:SinoMaps Press,2005.77-84.
[10]张宗祜,李烈荣.中国地下水资源(新疆卷)[M].北京:中国地图出版社,2005.65-78.Zhang Zonghu,Li lierong.China Groundwater Resources(xin-jiang volume)[M].Beijing:Sino Maps Press,2005.65-78(in Chinese).
[11]荆继红.地下水资源在城市供水中的作用[J].地球学报,2006,27(增刊):106-111.Jing Jihong.The function of groundwater resource in urban water supply[M]..ACTA Geoscientica Sinica,2006,27(sup-plement):143-154.
[12]张宗祜,卢耀如.中国西部地区水资源开发利用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002.87.Zhang Zonghu,Lu Yaoru.Water resources development and application in west China[M].Beijing,China Water Power Press,2002.87(in Chinese).
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