地震波的散射理论和散射特征及其应用
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摘要
介绍了散射波的基本理论,包括基本概念、分类和波场;然后针对金属矿给出3种基本类型散射体(阻抗类型、速度类型和密度类型)及其相应的散射特征;最后论述了散射波在金属矿探测及近地表应用方面的进展,如利用散射波研究与矿体有关的非均匀体,研究散射波的强弱与介质非均质性的关系,研究散射波的波组特征,进行散射成像,以及研究界面起伏引起的散射效应等。散射波是一个新的研究领域,目前利用散射波能提取的地质信息还很少,有待于进一步深入研究。
The principal theory of scattering wave including its definitions, classification and scattering wave field was introduced at first. Then three fundamental types of scatter-ers (impedance-type, velocity-type and density-type) and their corresponding scattering characteristics were described for metallic ores. Finally, the applications of scattering wave in exploration of metallic ores and investigation of near surface structure were discussed. Scattering waves can be used to investigate orebody-related heterogeneous bodies (whether the intensity of scattering wave depends on the heterogeneity of the bodies), to study the characteristics of scattering wave groups and scattering responses caused by rugged interfaces, and to image the subsurface. Currently, geology information from scattering wave is relatively rare because scattering wave is a new research field, which needs to be further studied.
The principal theory of scattering wave including its definitions, classification and scattering wave field was introduced at first. Then three fundamental types of scatter-ers (impedance-type, velocity-type and density-type) and their corresponding scattering characteristics were described for metallic ores. Finally, the applications of scattering wave in exploration of metallic ores and investigation of near surface structure were discussed. Scattering waves can be used to investigate orebody-related heterogeneous bodies (whether the intensity of scattering wave depends on the heterogeneity of the bodies), to study the characteristics of scattering wave groups and scattering responses caused by rugged interfaces, and to image the subsurface. Currently, geology information from scattering wave is relatively rare because scattering wave is a new research field, which needs to be further studied.
引文
1 吴如山.地震波散射:理论与应用[J].地球物理学进展, 1989,4(1):1-23
2 Wu R S,Aki K.弹性非均匀体引起的弹性波的散射特 征[J].胡中平译.石油物探译丛,1987,(2):43-58
3 Aki K. Analysis of the seismic coda of local earth- quakes as scattered waves [J]. Geophysics, 1969, 74 (4): 615-631
4 Haddon R A W. Corrugations on the CMB or transition layers between inner and outer cores? [A]. In: American Geophysical Union. Transactions of American Geophysical Union [C]. Washington: American Geophysical Union, 1972. 600
5 吴如山,安艺敬一.地震波的散射与衰减[M].李裕澈, 卢寿德译.北京:地震出版社,1993.1-50
6 黄雪继.地震波散射场相位移法波动方程正演模拟 [D]:[学位论文].北京:中国地质大学,2003
7 Aki K, Richards P. Quantitative seismology[M]. New York:W. H. Freeman,San Francisco, 1980. 728-738
8 Salisbury M, Milkereit B, Bleeker W. Seismic imaging of massive sulfide deposits: Part Ⅰ, Rock properties [J]. Econ. Geol. , 1996, 91: 821-829
9 Wu R S, Aki K. Scattering characteristics of elastic waves by an elastic heterogeity[J]. Geophysics, 1985, 50(4) :582-595
10 Eaton D W. Weak elastic-wave scattering from massive sulfide orebodies[J]. Geophysics, 1999, 64(1): 289-299
11 Wu R S. The perturbation method in elastic wave scattering[J]. Pure Appl. Geophy. , 1989,131:605-637
12 Zeng Yuehua, Su Feng, Aki K. Scattering wave energy propagation in a random isotropic scattering medium: 1, Theory [J]. Journal of Geophysical of Geophysical Research, B, Solid Earth and Planets, 1991, 96(2): 607-619
13 Wu R S. Multiple scattering and energy transter of seismic waves-separation of scattering effect from intrinsic attenuation: Ⅰ, Theoretical modeling[J]. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. , 1985,82:57-80
14 吴其斌.物探方法寻找隐伏矿床:综述[A].见:中国 地质矿产信息研究所.走向21世纪的地学与矿产资 源[M].北京:地质出版社,1996.144-148
15 孙明,林君.金属矿地震散射波场的数值模拟研究[J]. 地质与勘探,2001,37(4):68-70
16 籍同冰,徐明才.俄罗斯金属矿地震勘探[J].物探化探 译丛,1995,(4):25-34
17徐明才,高景华,荣立新,等.从金属矿地震方法的试验 效果探讨其应用前景[J].中国地质,2004,31 (1):108-112
18 赵永贵,王超凡,陈燕民,等.地震CT在寻找隐伏铜镍 矿中的应用[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(4):585-592
19 Xu Mingcai, Hu Zhenyuan, Gao Jinghua, et al. Research of seismic methods in base-metal ore exploration[A]. In: Proceedings of the 30th International Geological Congress. Geophysics [C]. VSP Utrecht: The Netherlands, 1997. 158-166
20 徐明才,高景华,柴铭涛,等.寻找隐伏金属矿的地震方 法技术研究[J].物探与化探,1997,21(6):468-474
21 Milkereit B, Eaton D, Wu J,et al. Seismic imaging of massive sulfide deposits; Part Ⅱ, Reflection seismic profiling[J]. Econ. Geol. ,1996, 91: 829-834
22 徐明才,高景华,柴铭涛,等.内蒙古大井铜锡多金属矿 区的地震方法试验研究[A]. CPS／SEG国际地球物 理会议,北京,2004
23 Clayton R W, Stolt R H. A Born-WKBJ inversion method for acoustic reflection data[J]. Geophysics, 1981,46(11): 1559 - 1567
24 Beydoun W B, Mendes M. Elastic ray-Born 12-migration/inversion[J]. Geophys. J. Internat. , 1989, 97: 151 - 160
25 Beylkin G, Burridge R. Linearized inverse scattering problems in acoustics and elasticity[J]. Wave Motion, 1990,12:15-52
26 Weglein A B. What can inverse scattering really do for you today? [A]. in: Bednar J B, Lines I R, Stolt R H,Weglein A B, eds. Geophysical inversion[C]. Indian: Soc. Ind. Appl. Math, 1992. 20-40
27 Eaton D W, Stewart R R. Migration/inversion for transversely istropic elastic media[J]. Geophys. J. Internat. , 1994, 119: 667-683
28 Meadows M, Winterstein D. Seismic detection of a hydraulic fracture from shear-wave VSP data at Lost Hills Field, California [J]. Geophyics, 1994,57(1): 11-26
29 Liu E, Crampin S, Hudson J A. Diffraction of seismicwaves by cracks with application to hydraulic fracturing[J]. Geophysics, 1997,62(1): 253-265
30 Adam E, Milkereit B, Arnold G, et al. Seismic response of the Bell Allard orebody, Matagami, Quebec [J]. Expanded Abstracts of 66th Annual Internat SEG Mtg, 1996,634-637
31 Eaton D, Guest S, Milkereit B, et al. Seismic imaging of massive sulfide deposits:Part Ⅲ, Borehole seismic imaging of nearvertical structures [J]. Econ. Geol. , 1996a,91:835-840
32 Eaton D,Salisbury M,Forsyth D,et al. Borehole seismic imaging of nearvertical structures: A case history[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 66th Annual Internat SEG Mtg, 1996b,2072-2075
33 Eaton D W, Milkereit B, Adam E. 3-D seismic exploration[A]. in: Gubius A G. Geophysics and gechemistry at the millennium [C]. Canada: Prospectors and Developers Assn. , 1997. 65-80
34 Applegate J K, Emilia D A, Neitzel E B, et al. High- resolution seismic study in the Gas Hills Uranium district, Wyoming [J]. Geophysics, 1982, 47 ( 10 ) : 1 355 - 1 374
35 Hearst R B, Morris W A. Reflection seismic profiling for massive sulphides in the higharctic[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 64th Annual Internal SEG Mtg, 1994, 531 - 533
36 朱梅生.国外浅部地震勘探技术的应用[J].物探化探 译丛,1995,(3):1-10
37 崔占荣.安徽铜陵狮子山矿区金属矿地震方法技术研 究[J].勘查地球物理勘查地球化学文集,1996, 26-35
38 曾校丰,许维进,何文能.隐伏矿床的地震波动力学信 息探测[J].矿床地质,2002,21(1):91-96
39 Milkereit B, Bener E K. Development of 3-D seismic exploration technology for deeep nickel-copper deposits: A case history from the Sudbury basin, Canada [J]. Geophysics,2000,65(6): 1 890-1 899
40 徐明才,高景华,柴铭涛,等.金属矿地震勘查的方法 技术[J].有色金属矿产与勘察,1997,6(4):232-237
41 高景华.金属矿勘查中的地震理论模型研究[J].物探 与化探,2002,26(5):350-356
42 徐明才,高景华,荣立新,等.散射波地震方法在蔡家营 多金属矿区的试验研究[J].物探与化探,2003,27 (1):49-54
43 尹军杰,刘学伟,黄雪继,等.基于散射成像数值模拟 的地震采集参数论证[J].石油物探,2005,44(1): 58-64
44 Levander A R. Fourth-order finite-difference P-SV seismograms[J]. Geophysics, 1988, 53 (11): 1 425-1 436
45 张楚汉,赵崇斌.河谷形态对平面SH波散射的影响 [J].岩土工程学报,1990,12(1):1-11
46 赵成刚,杜修力,李小军.用三维半解析边界元的子结 构法分析凸起山包对地震波的散射[J].中国地震, 1993,9(2):154-162
47 范会吉,姚陈.地震波的散射与盆地的场地效应[J]. 中国地震,1996,12(2):209-223
48 曹军,盖增喜,张坚,等.用于不规则界面多层介质的 地震波方法比较研究:不规则地形问题[J].地球物理 学报,2004,47(3):495-503
2 Wu R S,Aki K.弹性非均匀体引起的弹性波的散射特 征[J].胡中平译.石油物探译丛,1987,(2):43-58
3 Aki K. Analysis of the seismic coda of local earth- quakes as scattered waves [J]. Geophysics, 1969, 74 (4): 615-631
4 Haddon R A W. Corrugations on the CMB or transition layers between inner and outer cores? [A]. In: American Geophysical Union. Transactions of American Geophysical Union [C]. Washington: American Geophysical Union, 1972. 600
5 吴如山,安艺敬一.地震波的散射与衰减[M].李裕澈, 卢寿德译.北京:地震出版社,1993.1-50
6 黄雪继.地震波散射场相位移法波动方程正演模拟 [D]:[学位论文].北京:中国地质大学,2003
7 Aki K, Richards P. Quantitative seismology[M]. New York:W. H. Freeman,San Francisco, 1980. 728-738
8 Salisbury M, Milkereit B, Bleeker W. Seismic imaging of massive sulfide deposits: Part Ⅰ, Rock properties [J]. Econ. Geol. , 1996, 91: 821-829
9 Wu R S, Aki K. Scattering characteristics of elastic waves by an elastic heterogeity[J]. Geophysics, 1985, 50(4) :582-595
10 Eaton D W. Weak elastic-wave scattering from massive sulfide orebodies[J]. Geophysics, 1999, 64(1): 289-299
11 Wu R S. The perturbation method in elastic wave scattering[J]. Pure Appl. Geophy. , 1989,131:605-637
12 Zeng Yuehua, Su Feng, Aki K. Scattering wave energy propagation in a random isotropic scattering medium: 1, Theory [J]. Journal of Geophysical of Geophysical Research, B, Solid Earth and Planets, 1991, 96(2): 607-619
13 Wu R S. Multiple scattering and energy transter of seismic waves-separation of scattering effect from intrinsic attenuation: Ⅰ, Theoretical modeling[J]. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. , 1985,82:57-80
14 吴其斌.物探方法寻找隐伏矿床:综述[A].见:中国 地质矿产信息研究所.走向21世纪的地学与矿产资 源[M].北京:地质出版社,1996.144-148
15 孙明,林君.金属矿地震散射波场的数值模拟研究[J]. 地质与勘探,2001,37(4):68-70
16 籍同冰,徐明才.俄罗斯金属矿地震勘探[J].物探化探 译丛,1995,(4):25-34
17徐明才,高景华,荣立新,等.从金属矿地震方法的试验 效果探讨其应用前景[J].中国地质,2004,31 (1):108-112
18 赵永贵,王超凡,陈燕民,等.地震CT在寻找隐伏铜镍 矿中的应用[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(4):585-592
19 Xu Mingcai, Hu Zhenyuan, Gao Jinghua, et al. Research of seismic methods in base-metal ore exploration[A]. In: Proceedings of the 30th International Geological Congress. Geophysics [C]. VSP Utrecht: The Netherlands, 1997. 158-166
20 徐明才,高景华,柴铭涛,等.寻找隐伏金属矿的地震方 法技术研究[J].物探与化探,1997,21(6):468-474
21 Milkereit B, Eaton D, Wu J,et al. Seismic imaging of massive sulfide deposits; Part Ⅱ, Reflection seismic profiling[J]. Econ. Geol. ,1996, 91: 829-834
22 徐明才,高景华,柴铭涛,等.内蒙古大井铜锡多金属矿 区的地震方法试验研究[A]. CPS／SEG国际地球物 理会议,北京,2004
23 Clayton R W, Stolt R H. A Born-WKBJ inversion method for acoustic reflection data[J]. Geophysics, 1981,46(11): 1559 - 1567
24 Beydoun W B, Mendes M. Elastic ray-Born 12-migration/inversion[J]. Geophys. J. Internat. , 1989, 97: 151 - 160
25 Beylkin G, Burridge R. Linearized inverse scattering problems in acoustics and elasticity[J]. Wave Motion, 1990,12:15-52
26 Weglein A B. What can inverse scattering really do for you today? [A]. in: Bednar J B, Lines I R, Stolt R H,Weglein A B, eds. Geophysical inversion[C]. Indian: Soc. Ind. Appl. Math, 1992. 20-40
27 Eaton D W, Stewart R R. Migration/inversion for transversely istropic elastic media[J]. Geophys. J. Internat. , 1994, 119: 667-683
28 Meadows M, Winterstein D. Seismic detection of a hydraulic fracture from shear-wave VSP data at Lost Hills Field, California [J]. Geophyics, 1994,57(1): 11-26
29 Liu E, Crampin S, Hudson J A. Diffraction of seismicwaves by cracks with application to hydraulic fracturing[J]. Geophysics, 1997,62(1): 253-265
30 Adam E, Milkereit B, Arnold G, et al. Seismic response of the Bell Allard orebody, Matagami, Quebec [J]. Expanded Abstracts of 66th Annual Internat SEG Mtg, 1996,634-637
31 Eaton D, Guest S, Milkereit B, et al. Seismic imaging of massive sulfide deposits:Part Ⅲ, Borehole seismic imaging of nearvertical structures [J]. Econ. Geol. , 1996a,91:835-840
32 Eaton D,Salisbury M,Forsyth D,et al. Borehole seismic imaging of nearvertical structures: A case history[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 66th Annual Internat SEG Mtg, 1996b,2072-2075
33 Eaton D W, Milkereit B, Adam E. 3-D seismic exploration[A]. in: Gubius A G. Geophysics and gechemistry at the millennium [C]. Canada: Prospectors and Developers Assn. , 1997. 65-80
34 Applegate J K, Emilia D A, Neitzel E B, et al. High- resolution seismic study in the Gas Hills Uranium district, Wyoming [J]. Geophysics, 1982, 47 ( 10 ) : 1 355 - 1 374
35 Hearst R B, Morris W A. Reflection seismic profiling for massive sulphides in the higharctic[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 64th Annual Internal SEG Mtg, 1994, 531 - 533
36 朱梅生.国外浅部地震勘探技术的应用[J].物探化探 译丛,1995,(3):1-10
37 崔占荣.安徽铜陵狮子山矿区金属矿地震方法技术研 究[J].勘查地球物理勘查地球化学文集,1996, 26-35
38 曾校丰,许维进,何文能.隐伏矿床的地震波动力学信 息探测[J].矿床地质,2002,21(1):91-96
39 Milkereit B, Bener E K. Development of 3-D seismic exploration technology for deeep nickel-copper deposits: A case history from the Sudbury basin, Canada [J]. Geophysics,2000,65(6): 1 890-1 899
40 徐明才,高景华,柴铭涛,等.金属矿地震勘查的方法 技术[J].有色金属矿产与勘察,1997,6(4):232-237
41 高景华.金属矿勘查中的地震理论模型研究[J].物探 与化探,2002,26(5):350-356
42 徐明才,高景华,荣立新,等.散射波地震方法在蔡家营 多金属矿区的试验研究[J].物探与化探,2003,27 (1):49-54
43 尹军杰,刘学伟,黄雪继,等.基于散射成像数值模拟 的地震采集参数论证[J].石油物探,2005,44(1): 58-64
44 Levander A R. Fourth-order finite-difference P-SV seismograms[J]. Geophysics, 1988, 53 (11): 1 425-1 436
45 张楚汉,赵崇斌.河谷形态对平面SH波散射的影响 [J].岩土工程学报,1990,12(1):1-11
46 赵成刚,杜修力,李小军.用三维半解析边界元的子结 构法分析凸起山包对地震波的散射[J].中国地震, 1993,9(2):154-162
47 范会吉,姚陈.地震波的散射与盆地的场地效应[J]. 中国地震,1996,12(2):209-223
48 曹军,盖增喜,张坚,等.用于不规则界面多层介质的 地震波方法比较研究:不规则地形问题[J].地球物理 学报,2004,47(3):495-503
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