长江三峡坝区地壳稳定性研究
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摘要
长江三峡大坝座落于黄陵断块南端由闪长花岗岩组成的完整岩体上。黄陵断块作为中国内陆的次级板块具有典型的双层结构 (结晶基底和沉积盖层 ) ,自印支运动形成以来一直呈持续、缓慢的整体抬升 ,断块除向东南轻微倾斜外 ,内部构造变形不明显。断块为多条活动构造所围限 ,其中近南北向的远安和仙女山两条深大断裂为主要强震发生带。远安断裂带为豫西、鄂西、湘西山地和南阳、江汉、洞庭盆地的一条区域性分界线 ,全长约 10 0 0km ,该断裂带历史上曾发生过两次 6 5级地震 (常德、南阳 ) ,两次地震震中相距约 5 0 0km ;仙女山断裂带沿香溪河向北延伸终止于青峰断裂 ,向南越过渔洋关后 ,形迹不明 ,全长达 2 2 0km ,该断裂带具有发生 6 0级地震的构造条件。大坝可能遭遇到的地震危险主要来自这两条强震发生带 ,对大坝的影响烈度预计为6°～ 7°,水平峰值加速度 0 1～ 0 15 g。
The Three-Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River is situated on the intact rock mass composed of diorite-granite at the southern termination of the Huangling block. The Huangling block as a sub-plate having double-layer structure (crystalline basement and sedimentary cover) in China continent keeps constant and slow uplifting as a whole since its formation in the Indosinian movement. Tectonic deformation within the block is not significant,with exception of a slight southeastward tilting. The block is confined by many active structures,of which the sub-longitudinal Yuan'an and Xiannushan deep fault zones are the main strongly seismogenic zones. The Yuan'an fault zone represents a regional boundary between West Henan,West Hubei and West Hunan mountainous regions as well as the Nanyang,Jianghan and Dongting Lake basins,with a total length of more than 1000 km. Two times M 6.5 earthquakes (the Changde and the Nanyang earthquakes) had occurred in the fault zone in historic time and the distance between the two epicenters is about 500 km. The Xiannushan fault zone extends along the Xiangxi River northward and ends at the Qingfeng fault. It runs southward across Yuyangguan Pass and then its trace is unknown. Total length of the fault zone is more than 220 km. The fault zone has tectonic condition for occurrence of M 6 earthquake. The possible seismic risk for the dam may come from these two strong seismogenic zones,thus the seismic intensity influencing the dam was estimated to be 6°～7° and the horizontal peak acceleration to be 0.1～0.15 g .
The Three-Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River is situated on the intact rock mass composed of diorite-granite at the southern termination of the Huangling block. The Huangling block as a sub-plate having double-layer structure (crystalline basement and sedimentary cover) in China continent keeps constant and slow uplifting as a whole since its formation in the Indosinian movement. Tectonic deformation within the block is not significant,with exception of a slight southeastward tilting. The block is confined by many active structures,of which the sub-longitudinal Yuan'an and Xiannushan deep fault zones are the main strongly seismogenic zones. The Yuan'an fault zone represents a regional boundary between West Henan,West Hubei and West Hunan mountainous regions as well as the Nanyang,Jianghan and Dongting Lake basins,with a total length of more than 1000 km. Two times M 6.5 earthquakes (the Changde and the Nanyang earthquakes) had occurred in the fault zone in historic time and the distance between the two epicenters is about 500 km. The Xiannushan fault zone extends along the Xiangxi River northward and ends at the Qingfeng fault. It runs southward across Yuyangguan Pass and then its trace is unknown. Total length of the fault zone is more than 220 km. The fault zone has tectonic condition for occurrence of M 6 earthquake. The possible seismic risk for the dam may come from these two strong seismogenic zones,thus the seismic intensity influencing the dam was estimated to be 6°～7° and the horizontal peak acceleration to be 0.1～0.15 g .
引文
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[21]李愿军.反常系数法在三峡地区断裂活动性评价中的应用[J].水利学报,1997,(2):39～44
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[25]李 ,黄广思,杨美娥.中国强震发生带地震构造的几点思考[J].高校地质学报,2001,7(3):245～256
[26]李愿军.关于高桥断裂及其活动性的讨论[J].华北地震科学,1995,13(1):1～8
[27]胡聿贤,高孟潭,徐宗和,等.中国地震动参数区划图.中华人民共和国国家标准GB18306—2001.国家质量技术监督局,2001
[28]许文年,蔡德所.地质缺陷对坝基及滑坡稳定性影响的研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000
[2]李鄂荣.黄陵背斜震旦纪结晶岩、岩性、岩相及地质构造的研究[A].水文工程地质论文集(2)三峡专辑[C].北京:地质出版社,1959
[3]郑维钊,刘观亮,汪雄武.黄陵背斜北部崆岭群的太古宙信息[A].中国地质科学院宜昌地质矿产研究所所刊(第16号)[C].北京:地质出版社,1991
[4]胡载阳.试论圈椅趟花岗岩的成因[A].宜昌地质学会论文集[C].宜昌:宜昌地区地质学会出版,1984
[5]陈好寿,吕红.鄂西地区某些矿石铅的同位素模式年龄及源区特征值[M].宜昌:地区地质学会出版社,1984
[6]高振中,白光弟,张或丹,等.三峡万古几沉浮———长江三峡地区沉积演化研究[M ].北京:地质出版社,1999
[7]李美美.湖北省地壳运动和主要构造体系[A].中国分省构造体系研究论文集(II)[C].北京:地质出版社,1985
[8]LiPing,LiYuanjun.AstudyofthecrustlstabilityintheYangtzeThreeGorgesArea[J].EngineeringSciences,1(1):24～25
[9]李 ,刘行松,张九海,等.三峡、丹江口地区地震地质研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1994
[10]湖北省地质矿产局.湖北省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1990
[11]李 ,刘行松,谢梅杨,等.长江三峡坝区区域构造背景及新构造运动的发展趋势[M ].北京:国家科委出版社,1965
[12]叶良辅,谢家荣.扬子江流域巫山以下地质构造及地文史[J].地质汇报7号,1925
[13]谢家荣,刘秀辰.湖北西南部地质矿产[J].地质汇报9号,1927
[14]巴尔博.扬子江流域地文发育史[J].地质专报甲种第14号,1935
[15]李愿军.长江三峡地区构造地貌研究[J].水电能源科学,1996,14(1):260～264
[16]李安然,李愿军,曾心传,等.峡东工程地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1996
[17]田陵君,李平忠,罗 雁.长江三峡河谷发育史[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1986
[18]陈学波,等.长江三峡及邻区深部构造特征研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1997
[19]LiYuanjun.ResearchonthetectonicactivityoftheThreeGorgeRegion[A ].ProceedingsofRMEG [C ],Chongqing:ChongqingUniversityPress,1997
[20]李愿军.长江三峡地区地壳形变特征及其构造意义[J].地震地质,1991,13(3):250～257
[21]李愿军.反常系数法在三峡地区断裂活动性评价中的应用[J].水利学报,1997,(2):39～44
[22]李 ,张世良,刘行松,等.对长江三峡东段新构造的几点新认识[M].北京:科学出版社,1965
[23]李 ,李育慈,黄祖智,等.川滇强震区地震地质调查汇编[M].北京:地震出版社,1979
[24]LiPing,HanYuna,ChenErlin,etal.SeismicintensityzonationforthemarginalregionoftheQinghaiTibetPlateau—AcasestudyoftheXichangprefecture[M ].Beijing:ChinaAcademicPublishers,1985
[25]李 ,黄广思,杨美娥.中国强震发生带地震构造的几点思考[J].高校地质学报,2001,7(3):245～256
[26]李愿军.关于高桥断裂及其活动性的讨论[J].华北地震科学,1995,13(1):1～8
[27]胡聿贤,高孟潭,徐宗和,等.中国地震动参数区划图.中华人民共和国国家标准GB18306—2001.国家质量技术监督局,2001
[28]许文年,蔡德所.地质缺陷对坝基及滑坡稳定性影响的研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000
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