汶川地震溃坝险情土石坝烈度分布及震害特征
|
摘要
通过对汶川地震中69座溃坝险情土石坝所处烈度区及其实际震害情况的调查、统计和分析,研究了土石坝震害类型、破坏程度与所在烈度之间的关系,认为汶川地震中土石坝震害随烈度变化的规律性显著。分析表明,Ⅵ度以下烈度区土石坝没有溃坝险情发生。在Ⅵ度至Ⅸ度烈度区,随着烈度等级的增加,震害种类及其震损程度随之增加,在不同烈度区影响坝体安全的震害的种类不同。坝体裂缝是溃坝险情土石坝最普遍的震害形式,坝体贯穿性横向裂缝多见于Ⅸ度烈度区,溃坝险情土石坝在Ⅵ,Ⅶ,Ⅷ,Ⅸ度烈度区内表现出的震害类型和危险程度有所差别。认为在土石坝抗震设计和应急救援中应认识到这些震害特点以减少震后由于溃坝造成次生灾害的发生。
The relationship between the damage types and levels of earth-rock dams in different seismice intensity regions is studied.Based on survey and statistic analysis of 69 severely damaged earth-rock dams induced by Wenchuan Earthquake,the occurrence of seismic damage is closely related to the seismice intensity.The data show that there is no severely damaged dam in the areas which are less than VI level of seismic intensity.With the increasing intensity level,the damage types and levels of dams increase.There are different damage types in different intensity zones,but dam cracks are the most common form.Serious horizontal penetrating cracks are the main threat to dams in IX level intensity.The damage types and risk levels of severely damaged dams in different intensity zones are different.The seismic design and emergency rescue should be aware of these characteristics to reduce the secondary disasters caused by dams failure during earthquakes.
The relationship between the damage types and levels of earth-rock dams in different seismice intensity regions is studied.Based on survey and statistic analysis of 69 severely damaged earth-rock dams induced by Wenchuan Earthquake,the occurrence of seismic damage is closely related to the seismice intensity.The data show that there is no severely damaged dam in the areas which are less than VI level of seismic intensity.With the increasing intensity level,the damage types and levels of dams increase.There are different damage types in different intensity zones,but dam cracks are the most common form.Serious horizontal penetrating cracks are the main threat to dams in IX level intensity.The damage types and risk levels of severely damaged dams in different intensity zones are different.The seismic design and emergency rescue should be aware of these characteristics to reduce the secondary disasters caused by dams failure during earthquakes.
引文
[1]景立平,陈国兴,李永强,等.汶川8.0级地震水坝震害调查[J].地震工程与工程振动,2009,29(1):14–23.(JINGLi-ping,CHEN Guo-xing,LI Yong-qiang,et al.Investigationof earthquake-induced dam damage during“5.12”WenchuanEarthquake[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2009,29(1):14–23.(in Chinese))
[2]马文涛,李海鸥,杨主恩,等.汶川Ms8.0地震对四川省水电水利工程场地安全性评价结果的检验[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):796–803.(MA Wen-tao,LI Hai-ou,YANZhu-en,et al.Verifying the reservoir seisimc safetyassessments in sichuan province with the Ms8.0 WenchuanEarthquake[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3):796–803.(in Chinese))
[3]宋胜武,蒋峰,陈万涛.汶川地震灾区大中型水电工程震损特征初步分析[J].四川水利发电,2009,28(2):1–22.(SONG Sheng-wu,JIANG Feng,CHEN Wan-tao.Preliminary analysis on damage characteristics of large andmedium-sized hydropower project in WenchuanEarthquake[J].Sichuan Water Power,2009,28(2):1–22.(inChinese))
[4]四川省“5.12”抗震救灾指挥部.四川省“5.12”抗震救灾指挥部关于“5.12”地震震损水库责任人员的公告[N].四川日报,2008,5.16.(Relief Headquarters of"5.12"Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province.Announcementsfor the damaged reservoir keepers who responsible to damsthat damaged by"5.12"Wenchuan Earthquake[N].SichuanDaily,2008,5.16.(in Chinese))
[5]郭明珠,任凤华,滕海文.大坝强震震害特征分析[J].土木工程学报,2003,36(11):106-109.(GUO Ming-zhu,RENfeng-hua,TENG Hai-wen,et al.The characteristic analysis ofdam strong earthquake disaster[J].China Civil EngineeringJournal,2003,36(11):106–109.(in Chinese))
[6]景立平,陈国兴,李永强,等.汶川地震中江油市水坝震害调查与分析[J].世界地震工程2009,25(2):1–10.(JINGLi-ping,CHEN Guo-xing,LI Yong-qiang,et al.Investigationof earthquake damage to dams in Jiangyou city duringWenchuan Earthquake[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2009,25(2):1–10.(in Chinese))
[7]陈国兴,景立平,周新贵,等.汶川8.0级地震绵阳市游仙区水库震害调查与分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2009,29(3):347–355.(CHEN Guo-xing,JING Li-ping,ZHOUGui-xin,et al.Investigation and analysis of seismic damageof earth dams in Youxian District of Mianyang City duringWenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake[J].Journal of DisasterPrevention and Mitigation Engineering,2009,29(3):347–355.(in Chinese))
[8]吴世泽.高烈度区土(石)坝震损特征与成因初步研究[J].人民长江,2008,39(22):63–66.(WU Shi-ze.Preliminaryresearch on earthquake-damaged characteristics and causes ofearth(rock)dams[J].Yangtze River,2008,39(22):63–66.(in Chinese))
[9]陈生水,霍家平,章为民.“5.12”汶川地震对紫坪铺混凝土面板坝的影响及原因分析[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(6):795–801.(CHEN Sheng-shui,HUO Jia-ping,ZHANG Wlei-min.Analysis of efects of“5.12”WenchuanEarthquake on Zipingpu concrete face rock-fill dam[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(6):795–801.(in Chinese))
[10]陈厚群,徐泽平,李敏.汶川大地震和大坝抗震安全[J].水利学报,2008,39(10):1158–1167.(CHEN Hou-qun,XUZe-ping,LE Min.Wenhuan Earthquake and seismic safety oflarge dams[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,39(10):1158–1167.(in Chinese))
[11]JING Li-ping,LIANG Hai-an,LI Yong-qiang,et al.Characteristics and factors that influenced damage to dams inthe Ms8.0 Whenchuan Earthquake[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration,2011,10(3):349–358.
[12]中国水利年鉴编纂委员会.中国水利年鉴[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.(Compilation Committee forYearbook of China Water Resources.Yearbook of Chinawater resources[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[13]中国地震局.汶川8.0级地震烈度分布图.[EB/OL]http://www.cea.gov.cn/manage/html/8a8587881632fa5c0116674a018300cf/_content/08_09/01/1220238314350.html.2008.08.29.
[14]李志强,袁一凡,李晓丽,等.对汶川地震宏观震中和极震区的认识[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):768–777.(LIZhi-qiang,YUAN Yi-fan,LI Xia-oli,et al.Some insights intothe macro-epicenter and meizoseismal region of WenchuangEarthquake[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3):768–777.(in Chinese))
[2]马文涛,李海鸥,杨主恩,等.汶川Ms8.0地震对四川省水电水利工程场地安全性评价结果的检验[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):796–803.(MA Wen-tao,LI Hai-ou,YANZhu-en,et al.Verifying the reservoir seisimc safetyassessments in sichuan province with the Ms8.0 WenchuanEarthquake[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3):796–803.(in Chinese))
[3]宋胜武,蒋峰,陈万涛.汶川地震灾区大中型水电工程震损特征初步分析[J].四川水利发电,2009,28(2):1–22.(SONG Sheng-wu,JIANG Feng,CHEN Wan-tao.Preliminary analysis on damage characteristics of large andmedium-sized hydropower project in WenchuanEarthquake[J].Sichuan Water Power,2009,28(2):1–22.(inChinese))
[4]四川省“5.12”抗震救灾指挥部.四川省“5.12”抗震救灾指挥部关于“5.12”地震震损水库责任人员的公告[N].四川日报,2008,5.16.(Relief Headquarters of"5.12"Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province.Announcementsfor the damaged reservoir keepers who responsible to damsthat damaged by"5.12"Wenchuan Earthquake[N].SichuanDaily,2008,5.16.(in Chinese))
[5]郭明珠,任凤华,滕海文.大坝强震震害特征分析[J].土木工程学报,2003,36(11):106-109.(GUO Ming-zhu,RENfeng-hua,TENG Hai-wen,et al.The characteristic analysis ofdam strong earthquake disaster[J].China Civil EngineeringJournal,2003,36(11):106–109.(in Chinese))
[6]景立平,陈国兴,李永强,等.汶川地震中江油市水坝震害调查与分析[J].世界地震工程2009,25(2):1–10.(JINGLi-ping,CHEN Guo-xing,LI Yong-qiang,et al.Investigationof earthquake damage to dams in Jiangyou city duringWenchuan Earthquake[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2009,25(2):1–10.(in Chinese))
[7]陈国兴,景立平,周新贵,等.汶川8.0级地震绵阳市游仙区水库震害调查与分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2009,29(3):347–355.(CHEN Guo-xing,JING Li-ping,ZHOUGui-xin,et al.Investigation and analysis of seismic damageof earth dams in Youxian District of Mianyang City duringWenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake[J].Journal of DisasterPrevention and Mitigation Engineering,2009,29(3):347–355.(in Chinese))
[8]吴世泽.高烈度区土(石)坝震损特征与成因初步研究[J].人民长江,2008,39(22):63–66.(WU Shi-ze.Preliminaryresearch on earthquake-damaged characteristics and causes ofearth(rock)dams[J].Yangtze River,2008,39(22):63–66.(in Chinese))
[9]陈生水,霍家平,章为民.“5.12”汶川地震对紫坪铺混凝土面板坝的影响及原因分析[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(6):795–801.(CHEN Sheng-shui,HUO Jia-ping,ZHANG Wlei-min.Analysis of efects of“5.12”WenchuanEarthquake on Zipingpu concrete face rock-fill dam[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(6):795–801.(in Chinese))
[10]陈厚群,徐泽平,李敏.汶川大地震和大坝抗震安全[J].水利学报,2008,39(10):1158–1167.(CHEN Hou-qun,XUZe-ping,LE Min.Wenhuan Earthquake and seismic safety oflarge dams[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,39(10):1158–1167.(in Chinese))
[11]JING Li-ping,LIANG Hai-an,LI Yong-qiang,et al.Characteristics and factors that influenced damage to dams inthe Ms8.0 Whenchuan Earthquake[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration,2011,10(3):349–358.
[12]中国水利年鉴编纂委员会.中国水利年鉴[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.(Compilation Committee forYearbook of China Water Resources.Yearbook of Chinawater resources[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[13]中国地震局.汶川8.0级地震烈度分布图.[EB/OL]http://www.cea.gov.cn/manage/html/8a8587881632fa5c0116674a018300cf/_content/08_09/01/1220238314350.html.2008.08.29.
[14]李志强,袁一凡,李晓丽,等.对汶川地震宏观震中和极震区的认识[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):768–777.(LIZhi-qiang,YUAN Yi-fan,LI Xia-oli,et al.Some insights intothe macro-epicenter and meizoseismal region of WenchuangEarthquake[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3):768–777.(in Chinese))
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心