地震前某些野生动物的异常活动观测
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摘要
本文由麻雀（Ｐａｓｓｅｒｍｏｎｔａｎｕｓ）、燕雀（Ｆｒｉｇｉｌｌａｍｏｎｔｉｆｒｉｎｇｉｌｌａ）和刺猬（Ｅｒｉｎａｃｅｕｓｅｕｒｏｐａｅｕｓ）的定量观测，给出了正常活动性和震兆性异常活动，结果表明，某些野生动物震前异常活动在临震预报中比驯养动物更有一定的成效性。麻雀和燕雀的正常活动节律基本相同，都呈现“Ｍ”型。冬季早晨７点开始活动，到晚上１９点进入休息，夜间基本不活动。刺猬在非冬眠期，正常活动节律呈现“Ｗ”，即早晨６点到晚上１９点处在休息状态，夜间活动频繁，２１点到２３点为活动高峰时间。地震前麻雀、燕雀和刺猬出现明显的异常反应。日活动量明显增高，为正常活动量的２倍以上。麻雀和燕雀夜间活动频繁，活动量是正常活动量３００倍以上。刺猬白天出入室外的活动量为正常活动量的４倍以上。
This paper has presented normal behaviors and abnormal activities associated with earthquake from quantitative observations of sparrows,bramblings and hedgehogs.The results show that some wildlife behaviors before the earthquakes are more effective than domestic animals in impending earthquake prediction.Basically,sparrow and brambling have their normal similar rhythms of activity with M type.Usually,their activities start at 7AM,end at 7PM and stay quiet at night.During the period of non-hibernation,hedgehog's normal rhythms show W type,i.c.taking rest from 6AM to 7PM and acting frequently at night reaching.peak from 9PM to 11PM.The significant abnormal responses of sparrows,bramblings and hedgehogs occur before earthquakes.Their daily active values increase obviously,and are 2 times of normal.Sparrows and bramblings activeties are frequent at night,and active values are over 300 times of normal.The active values that hedgehogs come in and out the external room at daytime are over 4 times of normal.
This paper has presented normal behaviors and abnormal activities associated with earthquake from quantitative observations of sparrows,bramblings and hedgehogs.The results show that some wildlife behaviors before the earthquakes are more effective than domestic animals in impending earthquake prediction.Basically,sparrow and brambling have their normal similar rhythms of activity with M type.Usually,their activities start at 7AM,end at 7PM and stay quiet at night.During the period of non-hibernation,hedgehog's normal rhythms show W type,i.c.taking rest from 6AM to 7PM and acting frequently at night reaching.peak from 9PM to 11PM.The significant abnormal responses of sparrows,bramblings and hedgehogs occur before earthquakes.Their daily active values increase obviously,and are 2 times of normal.Sparrows and bramblings activeties are frequent at night,and active values are over 300 times of normal.The active values that hedgehogs come in and out the external room at daytime are over 4 times of normal.
引文
［1］冯春皋、王国军、地震观测动物饲养条件优化设计，感觉、行为、地震，科学普及出版社，1989。［2］冯春皋、木定千、蒋锦昌，褐家鼠饲养条件下个体活动行为和食物影响研究，地震研究，10，4，1987。［3］蒋锦昌、陈浩、徐慕玲，虎皮鹦鹉的声行为研究及其震兆性叫声模式，地震学报，13，1991。［4］冯春皋、蒋锦昌，震前动物活动节律的定量观测和研究，地震学报，14．11992。
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