随机介质地震波正演模拟在碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用
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摘要
为了研究碳酸盐岩储层的地球物理响应特征,在对塔河油田奥陶系风化面下碳酸盐岩储层初步认识的基础上,利用随机介质建模技术,设计并建立了一系列碳酸盐岩储层规则孔洞和随机孔洞模型,并应用变网格有限差分法对地震波在孔洞模型中的传播进行了正演计算,对模拟得到的地震属性进行了分析,研究了孔洞对地震反射特征的影响,获得了规则孔洞尺度以及随机排列孔洞密度对地震属性的影响规律。对于单个的溶洞而言,当溶洞横向尺度小于菲涅尔带半径,纵向尺度小于调谐厚度时,溶洞反射振幅与溶洞尺度成正比例关系;对于随机分布孔洞的碳酸盐岩储层而言,地震波能量与孔洞密度成正比例关系。
In order to clearly recognize the geophysical response of carbonate reservoir,based on preliminary recognition of Ordovician carbonate reservoir under the basal surface in Tahe oilfield,some regular vug models and random arranged vug models were designed and built.The variable-grid finite difference method was used to simulate the seismic wave propagation in these models.Then,the seismic records of the models were analyzed and the effect to seismic reflections caused by vug is studied.The impact rule of regular vug scale and random arranged vug density on seismic attributes was obtained.For single vug,when the lateral scale of vug is smaller than Fresnel radius,and the vertical scale is smaller than tuning thickness,the reflection amplitude of vug is proportional to its scale.For carbonate reservoir with random arranged vug,seismic wave amplitude is proportional to vug density.
In order to clearly recognize the geophysical response of carbonate reservoir,based on preliminary recognition of Ordovician carbonate reservoir under the basal surface in Tahe oilfield,some regular vug models and random arranged vug models were designed and built.The variable-grid finite difference method was used to simulate the seismic wave propagation in these models.Then,the seismic records of the models were analyzed and the effect to seismic reflections caused by vug is studied.The impact rule of regular vug scale and random arranged vug density on seismic attributes was obtained.For single vug,when the lateral scale of vug is smaller than Fresnel radius,and the vertical scale is smaller than tuning thickness,the reflection amplitude of vug is proportional to its scale.For carbonate reservoir with random arranged vug,seismic wave amplitude is proportional to vug density.
引文
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[16]董良国,马在田,曹景忠,等.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(3): 411-419
[17]李凡异,魏建新,狄帮让.碳酸盐岩溶洞横向尺度变化的地震响应正演模拟[J].石油物探,2009,48(6): 557-562
[2]姚姚,奚先.随机介质模型正演模拟及其地震波场分析[J].石油物探,2002,41(1):32-36
[3]姚姚,奚先.区域多尺度随机介质模型及其波场分析[J].石油物探,2004,43(1):1-7
[4]Ikelle L T,Yung S K,Daube F.2-D random media with ellipsoidal autocorrelation functions[J].Geophysics, 1993,58(9):1359-1372
[5]朱生旺,曲寿利,魏修成,等.变网格有限差分弹性波动方程数值模拟方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007, 42(6):634-639
[6]朱生旺,魏修成.波动方程数值模拟的隐式差分法[J].石油物探,2006,45(2):151-156
[7]Alterman Z,Karal F C.Propagation of elastic waves in layered media by finite-difference methods[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1968,58(1):367-398
[8]Madariaga R.Dynamics of an expanding circular fault[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1976,66(3):639-666
[8]Virieux J.P-SV-wave propagation in heterogeneous media:velocity-stress finite-difference method[J]. Geophysics,1986,51(4):889-901
[10]Crase E.High-order(space and time) finite-difference modeling of the elastic wave equation[J].Expanded Abstracts of 60~(th) Annual Internat SEG Mtg, 1990,987-991
[11]Jastram C,Tessemer E.Elastic modelling on a grid with vertically varying spacing[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1994,42(4):357-370
[12]牟永光.三维复杂介质地震数值模拟[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005:1-215
[13]黄超,董良国.可变网格与局部可变时间步长的高阶差分地震波数值模拟[J].地球物理学报,2009,52 (1):176-186
[14]张光莹,曾新吾.二维随机裂纹介质模型[J].国防科技大学学报,2003,25(2):1-4
[15]Ergintav S,Canitez N.Modeling of multi-scale media in discrete form[J].Journal of seismic exploration, 1997,6(1):77-96
[16]董良国,马在田,曹景忠,等.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(3): 411-419
[17]李凡异,魏建新,狄帮让.碳酸盐岩溶洞横向尺度变化的地震响应正演模拟[J].石油物探,2009,48(6): 557-562
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