“5·12”汶川地震次生山地灾害链(网)的初步研究
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摘要
"5.12"汶川地震直接引发和间接诱发了大量的次生山地灾害。无论从灾害的种类、数量和规模等方面还是从灾害对人类所处的"自然-社会-经济"复杂系统的影响程度来看,由本次汶川地震诱发的次生山地灾害均属国内外罕见。同时,由于各类次生灾害之间相互激发、相互转化,形成了以"崩-滑-灾"、"崩-滑-湖-灾"、"崩-滑-流-灾"为主要表现形式的灾害链和灾害网。根据上述地震次生山地灾害链(网)的表现形式、发育成灾特点、成因分析等方面展开论述,描述了上述3条主要灾害链的发育成灾过程,总结出了上述地震次生山地灾害链的4条发育成灾规律,并从自然因素和人为因素等方面简要分析了本次汶川地震次生山地灾害链网的发育成因。
Many secondary mountain hazards have been direct-induced or indirect-induced by the Wenchuan earthquake on May the 12th,2008.Not only in terms of the types,number,size of the secondary mountain hazards but also from the impact of them to the mankind's "natural-society-economy" complex systems,the mountain hazards which induced by the Wenchuan earthquake are great and rare all over the world.At the same time,because of the excitation and mutual transformation between various types of the secondary mountain hazards,such disaster chains(nets) as "collapse-landslides","collapse-barrier lakes","collapse-landslides-debris flows" have been formed.In this paper,the forms,development characteristics and causes of Wenchuan quake-induced secondary mountain disaster chains(networks) were preliminary analyzed.The development processes of the above-mentioned three major disaster chains were described.Four laws which have behaved in the disaster process of the disaster chains were summed up.The development causes of the Wenchuan earthquake disaster Chains(nets) were briefly analyzed from natural factors and human factors.
Many secondary mountain hazards have been direct-induced or indirect-induced by the Wenchuan earthquake on May the 12th,2008.Not only in terms of the types,number,size of the secondary mountain hazards but also from the impact of them to the mankind's "natural-society-economy" complex systems,the mountain hazards which induced by the Wenchuan earthquake are great and rare all over the world.At the same time,because of the excitation and mutual transformation between various types of the secondary mountain hazards,such disaster chains(nets) as "collapse-landslides","collapse-barrier lakes","collapse-landslides-debris flows" have been formed.In this paper,the forms,development characteristics and causes of Wenchuan quake-induced secondary mountain disaster chains(networks) were preliminary analyzed.The development processes of the above-mentioned three major disaster chains were described.Four laws which have behaved in the disaster process of the disaster chains were summed up.The development causes of the Wenchuan earthquake disaster Chains(nets) were briefly analyzed from natural factors and human factors.
引文
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[2]Cui Peng,Wei Fangqiang,He Siming,et al.Mountain dis-asters induced by the earthquake of May 12 in Wenchuanand the disaster mitigation[J].Chinese Journal of mountainscience,2008,26(3):280-282.[崔鹏,韦方强,何思明,等.“5.12”汶川地震诱发的山地灾害及减灾措施[J].山地学报,2008,26(3):280-282.]
[3]肖盛燮.灾变链式理论及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:1-363.
[4]Li Ming,Tang Hongmei,Ye Siqiao.Research on chain ruleof typical geological disaster[J].Journal of Catastropholo-gy,2008,23(1):1-5.[李明,唐红梅,叶四桥.典型地质灾害链式机理研究[J].灾害学,2008,23(1):1-5.]
[5]Liu Wenfang,Xiao Shengxie,Sui Yanchun,et al.Analysisof natural disaster chain and chain-cutting disaster mitigationmode[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,2006,25(Supp1):2675-2680.[刘文方,肖盛燮,隋严春,等.自然灾害链及其断链减灾模式分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增刊1):2675-2680.]
[6]Wen Chuanjia.Generalized Disaster,Disaster chain andtheir prevention and control[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2000,15(4):13-18.[文传甲.广义灾害、灾害链及其防治探讨[J].灾害学,2000,15(4):13-18.]
[7]Yao Qinglin.Field effect and regional conversion as themechanism of natural hazards chains[J].Meteorology andDisaster Reduction Research,2007,30(3):31-36.[姚清林.自然灾害链的场效应机理与区链观[J].气象与减灾研究,2007,30(3):31-36.]
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