云南曲靖盆地构造演化及其对生物气成藏条件的控制
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摘要
曲靖盆地是在云南省发现的具有工业价值生物气藏的第三系沉积盆地之一。利用二维地震测线结合地质和钻井等资料开展了详细的构造和沉积解释,对曲靖盆地的构造特征、盆地形成和演化进行了较为系统的综合研究,分析了构造演化对生物气成藏条件的控制作用。曲靖盆地的早—中渐新世的断陷阶段为大套湖相暗色泥岩(蔡家冲组)形成时期;渐新世晚期—上新世早期为盆地整体抬升萎缩阶段,避免了蔡家冲组有机质的大量消耗,保存了第四纪以来生物气成藏的有机物质;晚上新世的盆地坳陷阶段为茨营组含煤层系(次要气源岩)、储集层、盖层和岩性圈闭形成的主要时期;上新世末的压扭抬升萎缩阶段是断背斜和断鼻等构造圈闭和构造—岩性复合圈闭发育时期;第四纪盆地稳定沉降阶段为生物气聚集成藏时期。
Qujing Basin is one of several Tertiary sedimentary basins with the discovered biogenic gas resources in Yunnan Province.Through tectonic and sedimentary interpretation using two-dimensional seismic lines(combining) with geological data and well logs,this article discusses the tectonic characteristics and evolution of this basin,and analyzes the effect of tectonic evolution on the accumulation elements of biogenic gas.During the subsidence of faulting stage within the Early to Mid Oligocene,the major gas source-rocks of the large-scale dark mudstone of Caijiachong Formation were deposited.From the Late Oligocene to the Early Pliocene,as a result of cooling due to the entire uplift and erosion of this basin,the over-consumption of the organic matters in Caijiachong Formation by organic maturation and hydrocarbon generation or biogas generation significantly was avoided.In the period of down-warping stage of the Late Pliocene,the secondary gas source rocks of the coal-bearing,sandstone reservoirs,mudstone cap-beds and lithological traps in Ciying Formation were formed.In the end of Pliocene,the basin underwent the stage of compression-shearing uplift and shrink,structural traps of fault nose and fault-anticlines as well as structural-lithological combination traps were formed;The steady(subsidence) stage of the Quaternary was the period of biogas accumulation.
Qujing Basin is one of several Tertiary sedimentary basins with the discovered biogenic gas resources in Yunnan Province.Through tectonic and sedimentary interpretation using two-dimensional seismic lines(combining) with geological data and well logs,this article discusses the tectonic characteristics and evolution of this basin,and analyzes the effect of tectonic evolution on the accumulation elements of biogenic gas.During the subsidence of faulting stage within the Early to Mid Oligocene,the major gas source-rocks of the large-scale dark mudstone of Caijiachong Formation were deposited.From the Late Oligocene to the Early Pliocene,as a result of cooling due to the entire uplift and erosion of this basin,the over-consumption of the organic matters in Caijiachong Formation by organic maturation and hydrocarbon generation or biogas generation significantly was avoided.In the period of down-warping stage of the Late Pliocene,the secondary gas source rocks of the coal-bearing,sandstone reservoirs,mudstone cap-beds and lithological traps in Ciying Formation were formed.In the end of Pliocene,the basin underwent the stage of compression-shearing uplift and shrink,structural traps of fault nose and fault-anticlines as well as structural-lithological combination traps were formed;The steady(subsidence) stage of the Quaternary was the period of biogas accumulation.
引文
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[18]张水昌,赵文智,李先奇,等.生物气研究新进展与勘探策略[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(4):90-96.
[19]袁玉松,郭彤楼,付孝悦,等.下扬子地区热历史与海相烃源岩二次生烃潜力[J].现代地质,2006,20(2):283-290.
[20]陈发景,张光亚,陈昭年.不整合分析及其在陆相盆地构造研究中的意义[J].现代地质,2004,18(4):269-275.
[21]单俊峰,陈振岩,张卓,等.辽河坳陷西部凹陷西斜坡古潜山的油气运移条件[J].现代地质,2005,19(2):274-278.
[22]刘宝柱,孙万军,陈少军,等.松辽盆地南部中浅层油气藏的成藏史[J].现代地质,2003,17(1):87-91.
[23]孙万军,刘宝柱,李本才,等.伊通地堑断层系统与构造样式[J].现代地质,2004,18(4):505-510.
[24]王家亮,张金川,张杰,等.海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷的油气运聚分析[J].现代地质,2003,17(4):459-465.
[2]叶得泉,钟筱春,姚益民,等.中国油气区第三系(Ⅰ)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:1-8.
[3]苏爱国,赵文智,张水昌.中国生物气研究之酌议[J].石油天然气学报,1999,27(4):580-582.
[4]刘树根,戴苏兰,赵永胜,等.云南保山盆地烃源岩及其天然气生成特征[J].天然气工业,1998,18(1):18-24.
[5]刘树根,戴苏兰,赵永胜,等.云南陆良盆地第三系含气系统基本过程研究[J].成都理工学院学报,1999,26(2):135-141.
[6]罗槐章.陆良盆地上第三系未熟烃源岩特征及生物气成因分析[J].天然气工业,1999,19(5):21-26.
[7]王大锐,罗槐章.云南陆良盆地天然气及烃源岩地球化学特征?兼论滇黔桂地区寻找生物气田的可能性[J].天然气工业,2000,20(3):12-15.
[8]A llen C R,G illesp ie A R,Han Y,et al.Red R iver and associat-ed Yunnan Province,Ch ina:Quaternary geology,slip rates andseism ic hazard[J].Geological Society of Am erica Bu lletin,1984,95:686-700.
[9]沈军,汪一鹏,宋方敏,等.小江断裂带中段晚新生代构造盆地演化阶段[J].地震研究,1998,21(1):58-64
[10]程捷,刘学清,高振纪,等.青藏高原隆升对云南高原环境的影响[J].现代地质,2001,15(3):290-296.
[11]周荔青,刘池阳.滇黔桂地区新生代走滑拉分裂陷盆地生物气成藏规律[J].天然气工业,2004,24(12):10-13.
[12]关德师.控制生物气富集成藏的基本地质因素[J].天然气工业,1997,17(5):8-12.
[13]陆黄生,周荔青.滇黔桂地区新生代盆地生物气成藏分区性[J].石油实验地质,2004,26(6):525-530.
[14]黄绍甫,朱扬明.百色盆地浅层气成藏机制分析[J].天然气工业,2004,24(11):11-14.
[15]Martin i A M,W alter LM,Budai JM,et al.Genetic and tempo-ral relations between formation waters and b iogen ic m ethane:Upper D evon ian Antrim Shale,M ich igan Basin,USA[J].Geoch im ica et Cosmoch im ica Acta,1998,62(10):1699-1720.
[16]Shurr G W,R idgley J L.Unconventional shallow b iogen ic gassystem s[J].AAPG Bu lletin,2002,86(11):1939-1969.
[17]党玉琪,侯泽生,徐子远,等.柴达木盆地生物气成藏条件[J].新疆石油地质,2003,24(5):374-378.
[18]张水昌,赵文智,李先奇,等.生物气研究新进展与勘探策略[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(4):90-96.
[19]袁玉松,郭彤楼,付孝悦,等.下扬子地区热历史与海相烃源岩二次生烃潜力[J].现代地质,2006,20(2):283-290.
[20]陈发景,张光亚,陈昭年.不整合分析及其在陆相盆地构造研究中的意义[J].现代地质,2004,18(4):269-275.
[21]单俊峰,陈振岩,张卓,等.辽河坳陷西部凹陷西斜坡古潜山的油气运移条件[J].现代地质,2005,19(2):274-278.
[22]刘宝柱,孙万军,陈少军,等.松辽盆地南部中浅层油气藏的成藏史[J].现代地质,2003,17(1):87-91.
[23]孙万军,刘宝柱,李本才,等.伊通地堑断层系统与构造样式[J].现代地质,2004,18(4):505-510.
[24]王家亮,张金川,张杰,等.海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷的油气运聚分析[J].现代地质,2003,17(4):459-465.
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