变速成图方法及应用研究
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摘要
研究了地震速度和变速成图传统方法中影响成图精度的主要因素 ,指出了传统方法中造成误差较大、准确性较低的原因。从解决传统方法中存在的问题入手 ,提出了相应的速度场建立和变速成图方法 :通过提高叠加速度分辨率 ,利用模型层析法或模型反演法实现叠加速度到层速度的转换 ,建立空间速度场 ,速度校正和时深转换。实际资料应用表明 ,该方法提高了速度场建立和变速成图精度 ,解决了山前高陡构造以及低幅度构造地区的变速成图问题。
The paper analyzses the primary factors that have influence on the mapping precision of traditional methods for building seismic velocity fields and structure mapping by variable-velocity, points out the causes of big errors and poor accuracy related to the use of conventional methods. Starting from solving the problems existing in the traditional methods, the paper presents a new method for building seismic velocity fields and structure mapping by variable-velocity. The conversion from stacking velocity to interval velocity is realized by using modeling tomographic or modeling inversion through enhancing the resolution of stacking velocity. The construction of the spatial velocity field, velocity correction and time-depth conversion are also achieved. The furnished examples and practical application of the method in many areas show that the method can improve the precision of velocity field and structure mapping, resolve structure mapping problems by variable-velocity on steep dip structure and low-relief structure in front of a mountain.
The paper analyzses the primary factors that have influence on the mapping precision of traditional methods for building seismic velocity fields and structure mapping by variable-velocity, points out the causes of big errors and poor accuracy related to the use of conventional methods. Starting from solving the problems existing in the traditional methods, the paper presents a new method for building seismic velocity fields and structure mapping by variable-velocity. The conversion from stacking velocity to interval velocity is realized by using modeling tomographic or modeling inversion through enhancing the resolution of stacking velocity. The construction of the spatial velocity field, velocity correction and time-depth conversion are also achieved. The furnished examples and practical application of the method in many areas show that the method can improve the precision of velocity field and structure mapping, resolve structure mapping problems by variable-velocity on steep dip structure and low-relief structure in front of a mountain.
引文
[1] 谢里夫R E,吉尔达特L P.勘探地震学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999.
[2] RussellB.A simple seismic imaging exercise[J].TheLeadingEdge,1998,19(7):885-889.
[3] JonesIF.3-D prestack depth migration and velocity model building[J].TheLeadingEdge,1998,19(7):897-906.
[4] ReshelM.The use of3-D prestack depth imaging to estimate layer velocities and reflector positions[J].Geo-physics,1997,62(1):206-210.
[5] RodenR.SEG SaltLake city2002[J].TheLeadingEdge,2003,22(2):141-162.
[6] 阎世信,刘怀山,姚雪根.山地地球物理勘探技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000.
[7] 蔡玉华.达里亚工区速度体建立中几种网格化方法的对比分析[J].石油物探,1995,34(3):100-108.
[8] WhitmoreN D,GaringJD.Interval velocity estim ation using iterative prestack depth migration in the constantangle dom ain[J].TheLeadingEdge,1993,12(7):757-762.
[9] 陈传仁,周熙襄.一种精确层速度反演方法[J].物探化探计算技术,1999,21(3):212-215.
[10] 匡文忠.地震勘探原理[M].北京:电子科技大学出版社,2000.
[11] 邓怀群,刘雯林.横向各向同性介质中地震波旅行时的计算[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(4):508-516.
[12] YilmazO.SeismicDataAnalysis[M].Tulsa:Investigations in geophysics10,SEG2001.
[13] 陈遵德,杨金华,杨 舒,等.速度闭合差校正方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(3):381-385.
[14] 桂志先,朱广生.地震速度场的趋势面分析及应用[J].江汉石油学院学报,1997,19(3):46-50.
[15] 牟中海,谢桂生,代宗仰,等.自动变速空校的原理及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(3):366-371
[2] RussellB.A simple seismic imaging exercise[J].TheLeadingEdge,1998,19(7):885-889.
[3] JonesIF.3-D prestack depth migration and velocity model building[J].TheLeadingEdge,1998,19(7):897-906.
[4] ReshelM.The use of3-D prestack depth imaging to estimate layer velocities and reflector positions[J].Geo-physics,1997,62(1):206-210.
[5] RodenR.SEG SaltLake city2002[J].TheLeadingEdge,2003,22(2):141-162.
[6] 阎世信,刘怀山,姚雪根.山地地球物理勘探技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000.
[7] 蔡玉华.达里亚工区速度体建立中几种网格化方法的对比分析[J].石油物探,1995,34(3):100-108.
[8] WhitmoreN D,GaringJD.Interval velocity estim ation using iterative prestack depth migration in the constantangle dom ain[J].TheLeadingEdge,1993,12(7):757-762.
[9] 陈传仁,周熙襄.一种精确层速度反演方法[J].物探化探计算技术,1999,21(3):212-215.
[10] 匡文忠.地震勘探原理[M].北京:电子科技大学出版社,2000.
[11] 邓怀群,刘雯林.横向各向同性介质中地震波旅行时的计算[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(4):508-516.
[12] YilmazO.SeismicDataAnalysis[M].Tulsa:Investigations in geophysics10,SEG2001.
[13] 陈遵德,杨金华,杨 舒,等.速度闭合差校正方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(3):381-385.
[14] 桂志先,朱广生.地震速度场的趋势面分析及应用[J].江汉石油学院学报,1997,19(3):46-50.
[15] 牟中海,谢桂生,代宗仰,等.自动变速空校的原理及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(3):366-371
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