B值影响因素研究(英文)
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摘要
B值是地震研究中一个重要指标,误用或误解b值通常会导致错误的结论。因此,在计算b值时要特别注意。对影响b值的各种因素(震级大小、长度或宽度模式,震级范围,小、中、大地震区分及地质背景等)均作了分析,希望能提供一个正确使用b值的清晰思路。
The b value is an important index in seismology.Misuse and mis-explanation of the b value will usually lead to a wrong conclusion.Therefore,special care must be taken in calculating the b value.Different factors(magnitude scale;L-model and W-model;magnitude range;separation of the small,moderate and large earthquake and the tectonic background,etc)which influence the b value,are studied.The main purpose of this paper is to provide reader a clear idea in correctly using the b value.
The b value is an important index in seismology.Misuse and mis-explanation of the b value will usually lead to a wrong conclusion.Therefore,special care must be taken in calculating the b value.Different factors(magnitude scale;L-model and W-model;magnitude range;separation of the small,moderate and large earthquake and the tectonic background,etc)which influence the b value,are studied.The main purpose of this paper is to provide reader a clear idea in correctly using the b value.
引文
1Gutenberg B and Richter C F.Frequency of earthquakes in California[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1944,34:185-188.
2Turcotte D L.Fractals and chaos in geology and geophysics[M].Cambridge University Press,1992.
3Rundle J B.Derivation of the complete Gutenberg-Richter magnitude-frequency relation using the principle of scale invariance[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1989,94(B9):12337-12342.
4McGarr A.Dependence of magnitude statistics on strain rate[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1976,66(1):33-44.
5Frohlich C and Davis S D.Teleseismicbvalues;Or,much ado about1.0[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1993,98(B1):631-644.
6Hanks A C and kanamori H.A moment magnitude scake[J].J.geophys.Res.,1979,84(3):889-895.
7Scholz C H.The mechanics of earthquakes and faulting[M].Cambridge University Press,1990.
8Okal E A and Romanowicz B A.On the variation ofb-val-ues with earthquake size[J].Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,1994,87:55-76.
9Romanowicz B and Roundle J B.Scaling relations for large earthquakes[J]Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1993,83(4):1294-1297.
10Papazachos B C.Dependence of the seismic parameterbon the magnitude range[J].Pure Appl.Geophys.,1974,112:1059-1065.
11Rikitake T.Earthquake prediction[M].Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company,1976.
12Borissoff B A,Reisner G I and Sholpo V N.Tectonics and maximum magnitudes of earthquakes[J].Tectonophysics,1976,33:167-185.
13Mogi K.Regional variations in magnitude-frequency rela-tion of earthquake[J].Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute,1967,45:313-325.
14Scholz C H.The frequency magnitude relation of microfrac-turing in rock and its relation to earthquakes[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1968,58:399-415.
15Qin C,Papadimitriou E E,Papazachos B C and Karakaisis G F.Spatial distribution of time independent seismicity of China[J].Pure Appl.Geoph.,1999,154:101-119.
16Papazachos B C.Seismicity of the Aegean and surrounding area[J].Tectonophysics,1990,178:287-308.
17Hatzidimitriou P M,Papadimitriou E E,Mountrakis D M and Papazachos B C.The seismic parameterbof the fre-quency-magnitude relation and its association with the ge-ological zones in the area of Greece[J].Tectonophysics,1985,120:141-151.
18伏淑芳,刘宝成.地震学教程[M].北京:地震出版社,1991.18Fu Shufang and Liu Baocheng.Seismology[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1991.(in Chinese)
19Guttorp P and Hopkins D.On estimating varyingbvalues[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1986,76(3):889-895.
20Geller R J.Scaling relations for earthquake source parame-ters and magnitudes[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1976,66:1501-1523.
21Pacheco J F,Scholz C H and Sykes L R.Changes in fre-quency-size relationship from small to large earthquakes[J].Nature,1992,355:71-73.
22Scholz C H.Scaling laws for large earthquakes and conse-quences for physical models[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1982,72:1-14
23黄伟琼,时振梁.b值统计中的影响因素及危险性分析中b值的选取[J].地震学报,1989,11(4):351～36123Huang Weiliang and Shi Zhenliang.Factors influencing the estimation ofbvalue and the selection ofbvalue in hazard analysis[J].Acta Seism.Sinica,1989,11(4):351-361.(in Chinese)
24吴小平.b值物理机制的再探讨[J].西北地震学报,1990,12(3):1～13.24Wu Xiaoping.A reproaching on physical mechanism ofb value[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,1990,12(3):1-13.(in Chinese)
25Li H,Yin X C,Li S Y and Li J H.The experimental re-search onbvalue of AE for the rock specimens with pre-existing crack or notch under uniaxial compression[J].Ac-ta Seismologica Sinica,1992,4(4):867-875.
26Wang J H.bvalues of shallow earthquakes in Taiwan[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1988,78(3):1243-1254.
2Turcotte D L.Fractals and chaos in geology and geophysics[M].Cambridge University Press,1992.
3Rundle J B.Derivation of the complete Gutenberg-Richter magnitude-frequency relation using the principle of scale invariance[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1989,94(B9):12337-12342.
4McGarr A.Dependence of magnitude statistics on strain rate[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1976,66(1):33-44.
5Frohlich C and Davis S D.Teleseismicbvalues;Or,much ado about1.0[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1993,98(B1):631-644.
6Hanks A C and kanamori H.A moment magnitude scake[J].J.geophys.Res.,1979,84(3):889-895.
7Scholz C H.The mechanics of earthquakes and faulting[M].Cambridge University Press,1990.
8Okal E A and Romanowicz B A.On the variation ofb-val-ues with earthquake size[J].Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,1994,87:55-76.
9Romanowicz B and Roundle J B.Scaling relations for large earthquakes[J]Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1993,83(4):1294-1297.
10Papazachos B C.Dependence of the seismic parameterbon the magnitude range[J].Pure Appl.Geophys.,1974,112:1059-1065.
11Rikitake T.Earthquake prediction[M].Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company,1976.
12Borissoff B A,Reisner G I and Sholpo V N.Tectonics and maximum magnitudes of earthquakes[J].Tectonophysics,1976,33:167-185.
13Mogi K.Regional variations in magnitude-frequency rela-tion of earthquake[J].Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute,1967,45:313-325.
14Scholz C H.The frequency magnitude relation of microfrac-turing in rock and its relation to earthquakes[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1968,58:399-415.
15Qin C,Papadimitriou E E,Papazachos B C and Karakaisis G F.Spatial distribution of time independent seismicity of China[J].Pure Appl.Geoph.,1999,154:101-119.
16Papazachos B C.Seismicity of the Aegean and surrounding area[J].Tectonophysics,1990,178:287-308.
17Hatzidimitriou P M,Papadimitriou E E,Mountrakis D M and Papazachos B C.The seismic parameterbof the fre-quency-magnitude relation and its association with the ge-ological zones in the area of Greece[J].Tectonophysics,1985,120:141-151.
18伏淑芳,刘宝成.地震学教程[M].北京:地震出版社,1991.18Fu Shufang and Liu Baocheng.Seismology[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1991.(in Chinese)
19Guttorp P and Hopkins D.On estimating varyingbvalues[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1986,76(3):889-895.
20Geller R J.Scaling relations for earthquake source parame-ters and magnitudes[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1976,66:1501-1523.
21Pacheco J F,Scholz C H and Sykes L R.Changes in fre-quency-size relationship from small to large earthquakes[J].Nature,1992,355:71-73.
22Scholz C H.Scaling laws for large earthquakes and conse-quences for physical models[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1982,72:1-14
23黄伟琼,时振梁.b值统计中的影响因素及危险性分析中b值的选取[J].地震学报,1989,11(4):351～36123Huang Weiliang and Shi Zhenliang.Factors influencing the estimation ofbvalue and the selection ofbvalue in hazard analysis[J].Acta Seism.Sinica,1989,11(4):351-361.(in Chinese)
24吴小平.b值物理机制的再探讨[J].西北地震学报,1990,12(3):1～13.24Wu Xiaoping.A reproaching on physical mechanism ofb value[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,1990,12(3):1-13.(in Chinese)
25Li H,Yin X C,Li S Y and Li J H.The experimental re-search onbvalue of AE for the rock specimens with pre-existing crack or notch under uniaxial compression[J].Ac-ta Seismologica Sinica,1992,4(4):867-875.
26Wang J H.bvalues of shallow earthquakes in Taiwan[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1988,78(3):1243-1254.
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