高土石坝地震安全评价及抗震设计思考
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摘要
介绍了国内外几座典型土石坝的震害表现,并对这些土石坝,特别是紫坪铺混凝土面板堆石坝的震害原因进行了详细分析.结果表明,地震导致的坝体附加变形以及坝体不同部位变形的不均匀和不协调是土石坝发生震害的主要原因,土石坝的各类不同材料的接触带以及河谷地形突变处是发生震害的主要部位,在大坝设计施工时需特别予以关注.最后,对高土石坝安全评价和抗震设计方法提出了若干建议,并特别指出,考虑到地震的随机性和高土石坝安全的绝对重要性,有必要研究高土石坝的极限抗震能力.
The earthquake performances of some typical earth-rock dams are introduced in this paper,and the reasons of earthquake damage of these earth-rock dams,particularly the Zipingpu concrete faced rockfill dams are analyzed in detail.It is found that the additional permanent deformation due to earthquake,the non-uniformity and incompatibility of permanent deformation are the main reasons of dam damage.The dam damages due to earthquake mainly occur in such areas as the interfaces of different materials of earth-rock dam and the sharp transition area of river valley,which requires attention during the design and construction of dams.Finally,the safety assessment method of ultimate earthquake-resistant capacity is proposed for high earth-rock dams due to the importance of high earth-rock dam safety and the randomness of earthquake.
The earthquake performances of some typical earth-rock dams are introduced in this paper,and the reasons of earthquake damage of these earth-rock dams,particularly the Zipingpu concrete faced rockfill dams are analyzed in detail.It is found that the additional permanent deformation due to earthquake,the non-uniformity and incompatibility of permanent deformation are the main reasons of dam damage.The dam damages due to earthquake mainly occur in such areas as the interfaces of different materials of earth-rock dam and the sharp transition area of river valley,which requires attention during the design and construction of dams.Finally,the safety assessment method of ultimate earthquake-resistant capacity is proposed for high earth-rock dams due to the importance of high earth-rock dam safety and the randomness of earthquake.
引文
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[12]陈生水,韩华强,傅华.循环荷载下堆石料应力变形特性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(8):1151-1157.(CHENSheng-shui,HAN Hua-qiang,FU Hua.Stress and deformation behaviors of rockfill under cyclic loadings[J].Chinese Journalof Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(8):1151-1157.(in Chinese))
[2]MARTIN G E,SEED H B,FINN WD L.Fundamentals of liquefaction under cyclic loading[J].J Geot Eng,ASCE,1975,101(5):423-438.
[3]WANG Z L.Bounding surface hydro-plasticity model for granular soils and its application[D].Davis:University of California,1990.
[4]ISHIBASHI I,SHERIF M A,TSUCHIYA C.Pore pressure rise mechanism and soil liquefaction[J].Soil and Foundations,1977,17(2):17-28.
[5]IAI S,MATSUNAGA Y,KAMEOKA T.Strain space plasticity model for cyclic mobility[J].Soil and Foundations,1992,32(2):1-15.
[6]沈珠江,黄锦德,王钟宁.陡河水库土坝的地震液化及变形分析[J].水利水运科学研究,1984(1):52-61.(SHEN Zhu-jiang,HUANG Jin-de,WANG Zhong-ning.Seismic liquefaction and deformation analysis on Douhe earth dam[J].Journal ofNanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,1984(1):52-61.(in Chinese))
[7]张克绪.饱和砂土的液化应力条件[J].地震工程与工程振动,1984,4(1):99-108.(ZHANG Ke-xu.Stress conditions ofliquefaction on saturated sand[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1984,4(1):99-108.(inChinese))
[8]陈生水.复杂应力路径下无粘性土的弹塑性数值模拟[D].南京:南京水利科学研究院,1994.(CHEN Sheng-shui.Aelastoplastic model for cohesionless soils under complex paths[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,1994.(inChinese))
[9]沈珠江.理论土力学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999.(SHEN Zhu-jiang.Theoretical soil mechanics[M].Beijing:China WaterPower Press,1999.(in Chinese))
[10]United States Committee on Large Dam.Observed performance of dam during earthquakes[M].[s.l].,1992.
[11]陈生水,霍家平,章为民.“5.12”汶川地震对紫坪铺混凝土面板坝的影响及原因分析[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(6):795-801.(CHEN Sheng-shui,HUO Jia-ping,ZHANG Wei-min.Impact of the“5.12”Wenchuan earthquake onZipingpu concrete face rock-fill dam and its analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(6):795-801.(in Chinese))
[12]陈生水,韩华强,傅华.循环荷载下堆石料应力变形特性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(8):1151-1157.(CHENSheng-shui,HAN Hua-qiang,FU Hua.Stress and deformation behaviors of rockfill under cyclic loadings[J].Chinese Journalof Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(8):1151-1157.(in Chinese))
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