叠后地震信号透射损失的补偿
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摘要
为了恢复地震波的真振幅,提高叠后波阻抗反演的精度,尤其是在上覆层存在强反射界面的情况下,透射损失补偿是不可忽略的。为此本文通过对厚层模型和薄层模型分别用几何理论和波动理论计算相应的透射衰减系数,阐述了两者的物理本质差异。在此基础上,提出了直接利用速度谱和地震道计算透射衰减系数的叠后透射损失补偿技术,经过理论地震道数据验证和实际地震资料处理的应用,取得了明显效果。
In order to restore the true amplitude of seismic wave and improve the precision of poststack wave impedance inversion,the compensation for transmission loss is non-negligible,especially in the situation existing strong reflection interface in overburden.For that reason,using thin and thick layer models and computing relative attenuation coefficients of transmission by using geometric theory and wave theory respectively,the paper expounded physical difference between the both.On that basis,the paper presented the technique of poststack compensation for transmission loss that directly uses velocity spectrum and seismic traces to compute attenuation coefficient of transmission and achieved distinctive effects through tests of theoretical seismic data and processing of practical seismic data.
In order to restore the true amplitude of seismic wave and improve the precision of poststack wave impedance inversion,the compensation for transmission loss is non-negligible,especially in the situation existing strong reflection interface in overburden.For that reason,using thin and thick layer models and computing relative attenuation coefficients of transmission by using geometric theory and wave theory respectively,the paper expounded physical difference between the both.On that basis,the paper presented the technique of poststack compensation for transmission loss that directly uses velocity spectrum and seismic traces to compute attenuation coefficient of transmission and achieved distinctive effects through tests of theoretical seismic data and processing of practical seismic data.
引文
[1]O′Doherty R F and Anstay N A.Reflection on ampli-tudes.Geophysics Prosp,1971,430～439
[2]Sharpiro S Aand Hubral P.Elastic waves infineiylat-ered sediments mediumand generlinsed O′Doherty-An-stay formulas.Geophysics,1996,61(5):1282～1300
[3]Widmeir M T,Sargei A,Hubral P.AVOcorrection for scalar waves in the case a thinly layered reflector over-burden.Geophysics,1996,61(2):520～528
[4]徐仲达.透射损失校正在AVO处理中的应用,石油物探,2002,41(4):406～409
[2]Sharpiro S Aand Hubral P.Elastic waves infineiylat-ered sediments mediumand generlinsed O′Doherty-An-stay formulas.Geophysics,1996,61(5):1282～1300
[3]Widmeir M T,Sargei A,Hubral P.AVOcorrection for scalar waves in the case a thinly layered reflector over-burden.Geophysics,1996,61(2):520～528
[4]徐仲达.透射损失校正在AVO处理中的应用,石油物探,2002,41(4):406～409
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