超临界水的特性及其对地球深部物质研究的意义
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摘要
水在超临界状态下有着与标准状态明显不同的行为，超临界水具有许多的特殊性质，如强烈的氧化作用、很强的溶解性能、以及通过温度和压力变化控制其密度在类似蒸汽到类似液体的密度之间等。水在约４００℃的超临界温度下，几乎所有的氢键都裂解了。超临界水的这一性质很可能是超临界水具有许多特殊性质的主要原因。超临界状态地幔水的存在，不仅对地球物理场的性质有重要影响，而且对于地质构造演化、地球化学动力学、成矿作用，以及深部地质灾害（地震和火山喷发）的成因探讨都具有重要的学术意义。水及其它流体的存在，很可能成为地球与其它类地行星之间有着不同演化历史的重要原因。因而，在高温超高压下研究水与地球深部物质的相互作用是了解地球深部及整个地球演化过程的重要内容。
Water has fascinating properties in its supercritical state where it behaves very differ-ently from water at standard conditions.Supercritical water has many particularities,suchas intensive oxidation,extraordinary solvating power,and the density of supercritical wa-ter varying between gaslike and liquidlike values by varying its pressure and temperature.Almost all hydrogen bonding of water is broken down at the supercritical temperature of400℃. This nature of supercritical water is probably the main reason that it has many par-ticularities. Water in mantle not only has an important influence on the nature of geophys-ical fields,but also has an important connotation on the evolution of geological structure,geochemical dynamics,mineralization,and discussion about the reason of deep geologicalcalamity(earthquake and volcanic eruption).The existence of water and other liquids islikely an important reason which the earth has different evolutionary history from otherplanets. Therefore,study on the interaction between water and deep Earth's materials be-comes an important content of understanding the evolutionary process of the deep Earthand the whole Earth.
Water has fascinating properties in its supercritical state where it behaves very differ-ently from water at standard conditions.Supercritical water has many particularities,suchas intensive oxidation,extraordinary solvating power,and the density of supercritical wa-ter varying between gaslike and liquidlike values by varying its pressure and temperature.Almost all hydrogen bonding of water is broken down at the supercritical temperature of400℃. This nature of supercritical water is probably the main reason that it has many par-ticularities. Water in mantle not only has an important influence on the nature of geophys-ical fields,but also has an important connotation on the evolution of geological structure,geochemical dynamics,mineralization,and discussion about the reason of deep geologicalcalamity(earthquake and volcanic eruption).The existence of water and other liquids islikely an important reason which the earth has different evolutionary history from otherplanets. Therefore,study on the interaction between water and deep Earth's materials be-comes an important content of understanding the evolutionary process of the deep Earthand the whole Earth.
引文
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