汶川大地震妇女创伤后应激障碍的抽样调查研究
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摘要
目的:调查地震灾害对灾区妇女特别是孕产妇的心理影响,以及社会支持对灾区妇女心理健康的保护作用。方法:于地震发生后第3个月,采用PTSD检查量表平民版(PCL-C)和社会支持量表(MSPSS)对绵阳地区孕妇和育龄期非孕妇女进行问卷调查,并进行相关分析。结果:孕妇组和对照组中各有7例(15.2%)和18例(33.3%)预测发生创伤后应激障碍(PTSD),两组PTSD发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组PCL-C与MSPSS测量结果之间明显负相关(r=-0.414,P=0.002),孕妇组则无相关性(P>0.05)。结论:地震给妇女的心理健康造成影响,较高的社会支持对于降低孕妇的应激反应程度可能起到一定的保护性作用。
Objective:To investigate the influence of earthquake on incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women, and the relationship between PTSD and social support, in order to explore interventions to reduce the influence.Methods:The mental status of the pregnant women in the earthquake was evaluated with PCL-C (the PTSD checklist-civilian version) and MSPSS (the multidimensional scale of perceived social support).Results:There were 7 cases (15.2%) and 18 cases (33.3%) of PTSD in pregnant women and nonpregnant group, respectively. The incidence of PTSD was higher in the pregnant group than nonpregnant ones (P<0.05). The scores of PTSD in the nonpregnant group were negative correlativity with that of MSPSS (r=-0.414,P=0.002).Conclusions:The mental statuses of women are influenced by the earthquake. The high proportion of pregnant women among displaced persons underscores the importance of examining how behavioral changes and difficulties in access to health care influencing the maternal and infant health, which needs comprehensive planning and arrangement.
Objective:To investigate the influence of earthquake on incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women, and the relationship between PTSD and social support, in order to explore interventions to reduce the influence.Methods:The mental status of the pregnant women in the earthquake was evaluated with PCL-C (the PTSD checklist-civilian version) and MSPSS (the multidimensional scale of perceived social support).Results:There were 7 cases (15.2%) and 18 cases (33.3%) of PTSD in pregnant women and nonpregnant group, respectively. The incidence of PTSD was higher in the pregnant group than nonpregnant ones (P<0.05). The scores of PTSD in the nonpregnant group were negative correlativity with that of MSPSS (r=-0.414,P=0.002).Conclusions:The mental statuses of women are influenced by the earthquake. The high proportion of pregnant women among displaced persons underscores the importance of examining how behavioral changes and difficulties in access to health care influencing the maternal and infant health, which needs comprehensive planning and arrangement.
引文
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[3]王志阳,汤月芬,施慎逊.创伤后应激障碍国内研究现状[J].上海精神医学,2006,18(6):372-374.
[4]汪向东,赵丞智,新福尚隆,等.地震后创伤性应激障碍的发生率及影响因素[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1999,13(1):28-30.
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[6]王相兰,陶炯,温盛霖,等.汶川地震灾民的心理健康状况及影响因素[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2008,29(4):367-371.
[7]王友平.生活事件、应激与疾病[J].中国社会医学,1989,21(2):57-58.
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[2]杨晓云,杨宏爱,刘启贵,等.创伤后应激检查量表平民版的效度、信度及影响因素的研究[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2007,15(1):6-9.
[3]王志阳,汤月芬,施慎逊.创伤后应激障碍国内研究现状[J].上海精神医学,2006,18(6):372-374.
[4]汪向东,赵丞智,新福尚隆,等.地震后创伤性应激障碍的发生率及影响因素[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1999,13(1):28-30.
[5]伍志刚,刘爱忠,谭红专,等.洪灾区成人PTSD及其危险因素的研究[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2003,11(3):173-175.
[6]王相兰,陶炯,温盛霖,等.汶川地震灾民的心理健康状况及影响因素[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2008,29(4):367-371.
[7]王友平.生活事件、应激与疾病[J].中国社会医学,1989,21(2):57-58.
[8]Pasnau RO,Fawzy FI.Stress and psychiatry.Kaplan HI,Sadock,BJ.Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry[M].5th ed.Williams&Wilkins:Baltimore,1989:1231-1239.
[9]赵丞智,汪向东,高岚,等.张北尚义地震后创伤后应激障碍随访研究[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2000,14(6):361-363.
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