基于遥感技术的都汶公路地震次生山地灾害分布规律分析
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摘要
选择汶川县境内的都汶公路(漩口-汶川路段)作为调查研究对象,利用遥感技术提取公路沿线的各类地震次生山地灾害的分布信息,将灾害点分布与海拔高度、坡度和坡向等要素进行叠加分析,获得了次生山地灾害的分布规律,其特点为:①地震次生山地灾害集中分布在映秀-北川断裂与汶川-茂汶断裂之间;②次生山地灾害主要发生在海拔高度1 000~2 000 m的地带;③次生山地灾害主要分布在30~60°的边坡;④地震及余震期间以崩塌、滑坡、滚石为主,后期以泥石流、滑坡为主;⑤次生山地灾害具有沿岷江河谷发育且在河流左右两岸呈不对称分布等特点。
The extraction of earthquake-induced mountain hazards using remote sensing imagine has great significance for earthquake relief assessment on bearing capacity of disaster area and reconstruction work after the earthquake.Xuankou-Wenchuan section is selected to be a studied area of the highway in the research.First,the distribution of different kinds of mountain hazards along highway is identified by means of remote sensing technology.The analysis of the relationship between mountain hazards and elevation,slope and aspect,as well as the rules of development and distribution of mountain hazards revelas the following characteristics.① The mountain hazards are of diverse types,including collapse,landslide,rockfall,imprisoned lake and debris flow.② The hazards mainly occurr in slopes with the altitude 1 000 m to 2 000 m.③ The gradients of the slope of generating geo-hazard mainly vary from 30 to 60 degrees.④ The rockfalls of collapse and landslide dominated during the earthquake and aftershocks and debris flows during the anaphase.⑤ Mountain hazards developed unsymmetrically along Minjiang River bank.
The extraction of earthquake-induced mountain hazards using remote sensing imagine has great significance for earthquake relief assessment on bearing capacity of disaster area and reconstruction work after the earthquake.Xuankou-Wenchuan section is selected to be a studied area of the highway in the research.First,the distribution of different kinds of mountain hazards along highway is identified by means of remote sensing technology.The analysis of the relationship between mountain hazards and elevation,slope and aspect,as well as the rules of development and distribution of mountain hazards revelas the following characteristics.① The mountain hazards are of diverse types,including collapse,landslide,rockfall,imprisoned lake and debris flow.② The hazards mainly occurr in slopes with the altitude 1 000 m to 2 000 m.③ The gradients of the slope of generating geo-hazard mainly vary from 30 to 60 degrees.④ The rockfalls of collapse and landslide dominated during the earthquake and aftershocks and debris flows during the anaphase.⑤ Mountain hazards developed unsymmetrically along Minjiang River bank.
引文
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[2]崔鹏,韦方强,陈晓清,等.汶川地震次生山地灾害及其减灾对策[J].中国科学院院刊,2008,23(4):317-323.
[3]许也平,赵思贤.沪蓉国道主干线巫山至万州段灾害地质遥感解译[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2001,26(4):433-436.
[4]张明华.公路工程地质灾害遥感图像识别及解译方法[J].遥感技术与应用,2005,20(2):233-237.
[5]唐小明,冯杭建,赵建康.基于虚拟GIS和空间分析的小流域泥石流地质灾害遥感解译———以嵊州市为例[J].地质科技情报,2008,27(2):12-16.
[6]杨武年,濮国梁,Cauneau F,等.长江三峡库区地质灾害遥感图像信息处理及其监测和评估[J].地质学报,2005,79(3):423-430.
[7]唐新建,陶洪久.利用遥感图像对滑坡进行调查和监测分析研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(2):2 512-2 520.
[8]唐川,张军,石万云,等.基于高分辨率的遥感影像的城市泥石流灾害损伤评估[J].地理科学,2006,26(3):358-363.
[9]贺可强,赵文强.一种新形式的地质灾害[J].水文地质工程地质,1991,18(5):21-24.
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