海洋天然气水合物调查地震采集技术——调查初始阶段研究
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摘要
地震调查方法在水合物中的应用分为两个主要阶段:调查初始阶段和调查深入阶段。调查初始阶段以“突出天然气水合物的四大主要识别标志(似海底反射、振幅空白带、穿层特征、振幅和速度结构异常)”为主要目的,为资料的处理、解释提供丰富的地震信息。从而圈定天然气水合物富集程度高、成藏条件好的“目标”靶区,开展深入调查,更好地展现“天然气水合物矿体立体上的形态特征”,了解“水合物矿体的厚度、顶底界面及富集程度”。文中从震源技术研究、高分辨率地震调查技术的调谐组合参数研究和野外施工方法等方面的内容出发,根据大量野外技术试验资料和有关科研成果,总结了在天然气水合物调查初始阶段的特点及相应的地震调查技术。
Seismic exploration for gas hydrate experiences two stages: the primary survey stage and the further survey stage.The main purpose of the primary stage lies in the four characters identification of gas hydrates,i.e.the bottom simulating reflection,amplitude blanking,crosscutting strata、abnormity in velocity and amplitude,to provide more useful seismic information for data processing and interpretation.Then we can mark the target zone for further investigation and thus giving its three dimension characters and obtaining its thickness,bottom and top depth and richness.This paper bases on seismic source study,high resolution seismic survey's harmonic parameters study and field operation method,according to lots of sea trial data and other bibliography,summarizing the characters of the primary stage in gas hydrates exploration and corresponding seismic exploration technology.
Seismic exploration for gas hydrate experiences two stages: the primary survey stage and the further survey stage.The main purpose of the primary stage lies in the four characters identification of gas hydrates,i.e.the bottom simulating reflection,amplitude blanking,crosscutting strata、abnormity in velocity and amplitude,to provide more useful seismic information for data processing and interpretation.Then we can mark the target zone for further investigation and thus giving its three dimension characters and obtaining its thickness,bottom and top depth and richness.This paper bases on seismic source study,high resolution seismic survey's harmonic parameters study and field operation method,according to lots of sea trial data and other bibliography,summarizing the characters of the primary stage in gas hydrates exploration and corresponding seismic exploration technology.
引文
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[12]R eed D H,Selsam R L,K nox A E.Specia l report on SEG standards for m arine se ism ic hydrophones and stream er cab les.G eophysics,1987,52,(02)242-248.
[2]李正文.高分辨率地震勘探[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1993,1-20.
[3]刘建磊,王修田.海上地震虚反射相位剔除法反褶积[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2002,22(4):117-121.
[4]张光学,耿建华,刘学伟.天然气水合物地震识别技术,2005:1-63.
[5]HYNDM AN R D,SPENCE G D,CHAPM AN R,et a l.G eophysica l S tud ies of M arine G as Hydrate in N orthern C ascad ia,h ttp/www.pgc.nrcan.gc.ca/m arine/gas-hydrates/m oro-e.kh tm l,2002.
[6]HOLBROOK W S,HO SK IN S H,W OOD W T,et a l.M ethane hydrate and free gas on the B lake R idge from vertica l se ism ic profiling[J].Science,1996,273:1840-1843.
[7]HYDNM AN R D,SPENCE G D.A se ism ic study ofm ethane hydrate m arine bottom sim u lating reflector.G eophysics(B),1992,97:6683-6698.
[8]PECHER I A,M IN SHULL T A,S INGH S C,et a l.V elocity structure of a bottom sim u lating reflector offshore P eru:resu lts from fu llw aveform inversion[J].E arth P lanet Sci L ett,1996,139:459-469.
[9]HOLBROOK W S.Se ism ic stud ies of the B lake R idge:im p lication for hydrate d istribu tion,m ethane expu lsion,and free gas dynam ics[A].PAULL C K D ILLON W P,N atura l G as Hydrates:O ccurrence,D istribu tion,and D etection:124[M].W ash ington DC:AmG eophysics U n ion,2001,235-256.
[10]HYDNM AN R D,DALLM ORE S R.N atura l G as Hydrate S tud ies in C anada[M].CSEG R ecord,2001,11-20.
[11]Johnston R C,R eed D H,D esler J F.Specia l report on m arine se ism ic energy source standards.G eophysics,1988,53,(04)566-575.
[12]R eed D H,Selsam R L,K nox A E.Specia l report on SEG standards for m arine se ism ic hydrophones and stream er cab les.G eophysics,1987,52,(02)242-248.
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