褶皱逆冲带临界角模型的研究进展
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摘要
回顾了逆冲楔临界角模型的发展,总结了影响逆冲楔临界角变化的诸多因素。这些因素并不是彼此独立地影响逆冲楔的运动和变形,而往往是几种机制联合起作用,在不同的逆冲带中起作用的因素也不同。该模型的应用主要集中在解释现今仍处在活动中的增生楔和前陆地区的变形。但由于该模型存在明显的缺点,因此很少将该模型应用于古老逆冲构造带的前陆地区和逆冲构造带后陆方向上的变形解释上。中国是一个逆冲推覆构造极为发育的国家,因此应该选择几个典型地区进行详细的解剖和论证,一方面可以进一步正确认识这些地区的变形特征、规律、甚至地震活动性,另一方面也可以进一步验证临界角模型的适用性。
Since the Coulomb wedge model was put forward almost twenty years ago,major progress have been made,especially in the improvment of the model.Based on this model, some kinematics and dynamics of fold-and-thrust belt are interpreted successfully. This paper reviews the development of this model and summarizes many factors affecting the changes of critical angle. All these factors do not affect the movement and deformation of Coulomb wedge independently;sometimes several factors operate at the same time.In different thrust belts the factors show different operations. Now the applications of this model are concentrated on the interpretation of the active accretionary wedge and deformation of foreland regions, however for its inherent disadvantages, it is rarely applied to the foreland region of old thrust belts and the deformation of the hindland of thrust belts. There are many fold-and-thrust belts in China, but no study is made of these thrust belts on the point of view of critical angle model.So several typical regions should be chosen for the analysis.On one hand these studies can interpret the rule and characteristics of deformation or even the seismic activity,and on the other hand these studies can further prove the applicability of the critical angle model.
Since the Coulomb wedge model was put forward almost twenty years ago,major progress have been made,especially in the improvment of the model.Based on this model, some kinematics and dynamics of fold-and-thrust belt are interpreted successfully. This paper reviews the development of this model and summarizes many factors affecting the changes of critical angle. All these factors do not affect the movement and deformation of Coulomb wedge independently;sometimes several factors operate at the same time.In different thrust belts the factors show different operations. Now the applications of this model are concentrated on the interpretation of the active accretionary wedge and deformation of foreland regions, however for its inherent disadvantages, it is rarely applied to the foreland region of old thrust belts and the deformation of the hindland of thrust belts. There are many fold-and-thrust belts in China, but no study is made of these thrust belts on the point of view of critical angle model.So several typical regions should be chosen for the analysis.On one hand these studies can interpret the rule and characteristics of deformation or even the seismic activity,and on the other hand these studies can further prove the applicability of the critical angle model.
引文
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[27]HubbertMK,RubeyWW.Roleoffluidpressureinmechan-icsofoverthrustfaulting(I):Mechanicsoffluid-filledsolidsanditsapplicationtooverthrustfaulting[J].GeologicalSocietyofAmericaBulletin,1959,70:115-166.
[28]BeaumontC,PhilippeF,HamiltonJ.Erosionalcontrolofac-tivecompressionalorogens[A].In:McClayKR.ThrustTec-tonics[M].London:Chapman&Hall,1992.1-18.
[29]SinclairHD.FlyschtoMolassetransitioninperipheralfore-landbasin:Theroleofthepassivemarginversusslabbreakoff[J].Geology,1997,25:1123-1126.
[30]GarfunkelZ,GreilingRO.Athinorogenicwedgeuponthickforelandlithosphereandthemissingforelandbasin[J].Geol.Rundsch,1998,87:314-325.
[31]BombolakisEG.Applicabilityofcritical-wedgetheoriestoforelandbelts[J].Geology,1994,22:535-538.
[32]WoodwardNB.Geologicalapplicabilityofcriticalwedgetheo-ry[J].GeologicalSocietyofAmericaBulletin,1987,99:827-832.
[33]MolnarP,Lyon-CaenH.FaultplanesolutionsofearthquakesandactivetectonicsoftheTibetanPlateauanditsmargins[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1989,99:123-153.
[34]TapponnierP,MeyerB,AvouacJP,etal.ActivethrustingandfoldingintheQilianShananddecouplingbetweenuppercrustandmantleinnortheasternTibet[J].EarthandPlanetaryScienceLetters,1990,97:382-403.
[35]GaudemerY,TapponnierP,MeyerB,etal.Cifuentes,parti-tioningofcrustalslipbetweenlinked,activefaultsintheeast-ernQilianShan,andevidenceforamajorseismicgap,the'Tianzhugap',onthewesternHaiyuanFault,Gansu(China)[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1995,120:599-645.
[36]MeyerB,TapponnierP,BourjotLF,etal.CrustalthickeninginGansu-Qinghai,lithosphericmantlesubduction,andoblique,strike-slipcontrolledgrowthoftheTibetPlateau[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1998,135:1-47.
[37]BurchfielBC,DengQ,MolnarP,etal.Intracrustaldetach-mentzonesofcontinentaldeformation[J].Geology,1989,17:448-452.
[38]FangXiaomin,CarmalaG,vanderRobV,etal.Flexuralsub-sidenceby29MaontheNEedgeofTibetfromthemagne-tostratigraphyofLinxiaBasin,China[J].EarthandPlane-taryScienceLetters,2003,210:545-560.
[39]国家地震局地质研究所,宁夏回族自治区地震局.海原活动断裂带[M].北京:地震出版社,1990.1-286.
[40]JolivetJ,BrunelM,SewardD,etal.MesozoicandCenzoictec-tonicsofthenorthernedgeoftheTibetanplateau:Fission-trackconstraints[J].Tectonophysics,2003,343:111-134.
[2]ChappleWM.Mechanicsofthin-skinnedfold-and-thrustbelts[J].GeologicalSocietyofAmericaBulletin,1978,89:1189-1198.
[3] StockmalGS.Modellingoflargescaleaccretionarywedgede-formation[J].JournalofGeophysicalResearch,1983,88:8271-8287.
[4]DavisD,SuppeJ,DahlenFA.Mechanicsoffold-and-thrustbeltsandaccretionarywedges[J].JournalofGeophysicalRe-search,1983,88(B2):1153-1172.
[5] DahlenFA,SuppeJ,DavisD.Mechanicsoffold-and-thrustbeltsandaccretionarywedges:CohesiveCoulombtheory[J].JournalofGeophysicalResearch,1984,89(B12):10087-10101.
[6]DahlenFA,SuppeJ.Mechanics,growth,anderosionofmountainbelts[A].In:ClarkS,BurchfielBC,SuppeJ.Pro-cessesinContinentalLithosphericDeformation[M].Boulder,Colorado:GeologicalSocietyofAmericaSpecialPaper218,1988.161-178.
[7] DahlenFA.NoncohesivecriticalCoulombwedges:Anexactsolution[J].JournalofGeophysicalResearch,1984,89(B12):10125-10133.
[8] DahlenFA.Criticaltapermodeloffold-and-thrustbeltsandaccretionarywedges[J].AnnualReviewofEarthandPlane-tarySciences,1990,18:55-99.
[9] DavisD,EngelderT.Theroleofsaltinfold-and-thrustbelts[J].Tectonophysics,1985,119:67-88.
[10]SuppeJ.PrinciplesofStructuralGeology[M].NewJersey:Prentice-Hall,Inc.,1985.309-369.
[11]ZhaoWL,DavicsDM,DahlenFA,etal.Originofconvexac-cretionarywedges:EvidencefromBarbados[J].JournalofGeophysicalResearch,1986,91:10246-10258.
[12]MulugetaG.ModelingthegeometryofCoulombthrustwedges[J].JournalofStructuralGeology,1988,10(8):847-859.
[13]LiuJiyang,RanalliG.Stressesandvelocitiesinorogenicwedgeswithpower-lawrheologyandlinearlyvaryinglongitu-dinalstrainrate[J].JournalofStructuralGeology,1998,20(12):1611-1623.
[14]WillettSD.DynamicandkinematicgrowthandchangeofaCoulombwedge[A].In:McClayKR.ThrustTectonics[M].London:Chapman&Hall,1992.19-31.
[15]LiuHuiqi,McClayKR,PowellD.Physicalmodelsofthrustwedges[A].In:McClayKR.ThrustTectonics[M].London:Chapman&Hall,1992.71-81.
[16]MugnierJL,BabyP,CollettaB,etal.Thrustgeometrycon-trolledbyerosionandsedimentation:Aviewfromanaloguemodels[J].Geology,1997,25(5):427-430.
[17]GutscherMA,KukowskiN,MalavieilleJ,etal.Cyclicalbe-haviorofthrustwedges:Insightsfromhighbasalfrictionsand-boxexperiments[J].Geology,1996,24(2):135-138.
[18]PlattJP.Dynamicsoforogenicwedgesandtheupliftofhigh-pressuremetamorphicrocks[J].GeologicalSocietyofAmericaBulletin,1986,97:1037-1053.
[19]DeCellesPG,MitraG.HistoryoftheSevierorogenicwedgeintermsofcriticaltapermodels,northeastUtahandsouthwestWyoming[J].GeologicalSocietyofAmericaBulletin,1995,107:454-462.
[20]MitraG.Evolutionofsalientsinafold-and-thrustbelt:Theeffectsofsedimentarybasingeometry,straindistributionandcriticaltaper[A].In:SenguptaS.EvolutionofGeologicalStructuresinMicro-to-MacroScale[M].London:Chapman&Hall,1997.59-90.
[21]SchluneggerF,SimpsonG.Possibleerosionalcontrolonlater-algrowthoftheEuropeanCentralAlps[J].Geology,2002,30(10):907-910.
[22]KoonsPO.Three-dimensionalcriticalwedges:Tectonicsandtopographyinobliquecollisionalorogens[J].JournalofGeo-physicalResearch,1994,99(B6):12301-12315.
[23]HatcherJrRD,HooperRJ.Evolutionofcrystallinethrustsheetsintheinternalpartsofmountainchains[A].In:McClayKR,ThrustTectonics[M].London:Chapman&Hall,1992.217-233.
[24]BoyerSE.Sedimentarybasintaperasafactorcontrollingthegeometryandadvanceofthrustbelts[J].AmericanJournalofScience,1995,295:1220-1254.
[25]SilverEA,EllisMJ,BreenNA,etal.Commentsonthegrowthofaccretionarywedges[J].Geology,1985,13:6-9.
[26]MitraG,SussmanA.Structuralevolutionofconnectingsplayduplexesandtheirimplicationforcriticaltaper:AnexamplebasedongeometryandkinematicsoftheCanyonRangeculmi-nation,SevierBelt,centralUtah[J].JournalofStructuralGeology,1997,19(3-4):503-521.
[27]HubbertMK,RubeyWW.Roleoffluidpressureinmechan-icsofoverthrustfaulting(I):Mechanicsoffluid-filledsolidsanditsapplicationtooverthrustfaulting[J].GeologicalSocietyofAmericaBulletin,1959,70:115-166.
[28]BeaumontC,PhilippeF,HamiltonJ.Erosionalcontrolofac-tivecompressionalorogens[A].In:McClayKR.ThrustTec-tonics[M].London:Chapman&Hall,1992.1-18.
[29]SinclairHD.FlyschtoMolassetransitioninperipheralfore-landbasin:Theroleofthepassivemarginversusslabbreakoff[J].Geology,1997,25:1123-1126.
[30]GarfunkelZ,GreilingRO.Athinorogenicwedgeuponthickforelandlithosphereandthemissingforelandbasin[J].Geol.Rundsch,1998,87:314-325.
[31]BombolakisEG.Applicabilityofcritical-wedgetheoriestoforelandbelts[J].Geology,1994,22:535-538.
[32]WoodwardNB.Geologicalapplicabilityofcriticalwedgetheo-ry[J].GeologicalSocietyofAmericaBulletin,1987,99:827-832.
[33]MolnarP,Lyon-CaenH.FaultplanesolutionsofearthquakesandactivetectonicsoftheTibetanPlateauanditsmargins[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1989,99:123-153.
[34]TapponnierP,MeyerB,AvouacJP,etal.ActivethrustingandfoldingintheQilianShananddecouplingbetweenuppercrustandmantleinnortheasternTibet[J].EarthandPlanetaryScienceLetters,1990,97:382-403.
[35]GaudemerY,TapponnierP,MeyerB,etal.Cifuentes,parti-tioningofcrustalslipbetweenlinked,activefaultsintheeast-ernQilianShan,andevidenceforamajorseismicgap,the'Tianzhugap',onthewesternHaiyuanFault,Gansu(China)[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1995,120:599-645.
[36]MeyerB,TapponnierP,BourjotLF,etal.CrustalthickeninginGansu-Qinghai,lithosphericmantlesubduction,andoblique,strike-slipcontrolledgrowthoftheTibetPlateau[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1998,135:1-47.
[37]BurchfielBC,DengQ,MolnarP,etal.Intracrustaldetach-mentzonesofcontinentaldeformation[J].Geology,1989,17:448-452.
[38]FangXiaomin,CarmalaG,vanderRobV,etal.Flexuralsub-sidenceby29MaontheNEedgeofTibetfromthemagne-tostratigraphyofLinxiaBasin,China[J].EarthandPlane-taryScienceLetters,2003,210:545-560.
[39]国家地震局地质研究所,宁夏回族自治区地震局.海原活动断裂带[M].北京:地震出版社,1990.1-286.
[40]JolivetJ,BrunelM,SewardD,etal.MesozoicandCenzoictec-tonicsofthenorthernedgeoftheTibetanplateau:Fission-trackconstraints[J].Tectonophysics,2003,343:111-134.
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