地震对心血管疾病的影响及其防控
|
摘要
越来越多的证据表明,应激可导致心血管疾病。慢性应激通过神经内分泌和免疫系统(交感神经系统和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴),以及相关慢性危险因素(胰岛素抵抗、高血压、糖尿病和高脂血症等)的介导,增加非稳态负荷(allostaticload)而促进动脉粥样硬化进程。而急性应激通过激活交感神经系统和增强急性危险因素(血压增高、内皮功能障碍、血液粘度增加以及血小板和凝血的激活)而可触发心血管事件。地震是自然发生的急慢性应激的典型例证。因此,研究震后触发心血管事件的因素和机制,对于心血管疾病和心血管事件的防控具有重要意义。本文回顾了既往地震诱发心血管疾病和心血管事件的可能机制,并提出了可能的防控措施。
There is increasing evidence that stress contributes to cardiovascular disease.Chronic stress can precipitate the atherosclerotic process through increased allostatic load,which is mediated by the neuroendocrine systems(sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis),and through related chronic risk factors(insulin resistance,hypertension,diabetes and hyperlipidemia).On the other hand,acute stress can trigger cardiovascular events through sympathetic nervous activation and enhancement of acute risk factors(increased blood pressure,endothelial cell dysfunction,increased blood viscosity,and platelet and hemostatic activation).Earthquake represents a good example of naturally occurring acute and chronic stress.Thus,in order to develop applicable prevention strategies,it is important to investigate factors and potential mechanisms by which cardiovascular events are triggered following earthquake.In this review we refine some possible mechanisms by which earthquake impacts on cardiovascular system from previously published literatures,and suggest some possible approaches to preventing cardiovascular events associated with earthquake.
There is increasing evidence that stress contributes to cardiovascular disease.Chronic stress can precipitate the atherosclerotic process through increased allostatic load,which is mediated by the neuroendocrine systems(sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis),and through related chronic risk factors(insulin resistance,hypertension,diabetes and hyperlipidemia).On the other hand,acute stress can trigger cardiovascular events through sympathetic nervous activation and enhancement of acute risk factors(increased blood pressure,endothelial cell dysfunction,increased blood viscosity,and platelet and hemostatic activation).Earthquake represents a good example of naturally occurring acute and chronic stress.Thus,in order to develop applicable prevention strategies,it is important to investigate factors and potential mechanisms by which cardiovascular events are triggered following earthquake.In this review we refine some possible mechanisms by which earthquake impacts on cardiovascular system from previously published literatures,and suggest some possible approaches to preventing cardiovascular events associated with earthquake.
引文
[1]Bland SH,O'Leary ES,Farinaro E,et al.Long-term psychological effects of natural disasters[J].Psychosoma Med,1996,58(1):18-24.
[2]Gullette EC,Blumenthal JA,Babyak M,et al.Effects of mental stress on myocardial ischemia during daily life[J].JAMA,1997,277(19):1521-1526.
[3]De Pauw M,Tavernier R,Jordaens L.Earthquake tachycardia in Belgium[J].Heart,1996,76(1):23.
[4]Lin LY,Wu CC,Liu YB,et al.Derangement of heart rate variabili-ty during a catastrophic earthquake:a possible mechanism for in-creased heart attacks[J].Pacing Clin Electrophysiol,2001,24(11):1596-1601.
[5]Bland SH,Farinaro E,Krogh V,et al.Long term relations be-tween earthquake experiences and coronary heart disease risk factors[J].Am J Epidemiol,2000,151(11):1086-1090.
[6]Parati G,Antonicelli R,Guazzarotti F,et al.Cardiovascular effects of an earthquake:direct evidence by ambulatory blood pressure mo-nitoring[J].Hypertension,2001,38(5):1093-1095.
[7]Kario K,Matsuo T,Shimada K,et al.Factors associated with the occurrence and magnitude of earthquake-induced increases in blood pressure[J].Am J Med,2001,111(5):379-384.
[8]Saito K,Kim JI,Maekawa K,et al.The great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake aggravates blood pressure control in treated hypertensive patients[J].Am J Hypertens,1997,10(2):217-221.
[9]Kario K,Matsuo T,Kobayashi H,et al.Earthquake-induced po-tentiation of acute risk factors in hypertensive patients:possible trig-gering of cardiovascular events after a major earthquake[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,1997,29(5):926-933.
[10]Minami J,Kawano Y,Ishimitsu T,et al.Effect of the Hanshin-Awaji earthquake on home blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension[J].Am J Hypertens,1997,10(2):222-225.
[11]Shedd OL,Sears SF Jr,Harvill JL,et al.The World Trade Center attack:increased frequency of defibrillator shocks for ventricular ar-rhythmias in patients living remotely from New York City[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2004,44(6):1265-1267.
[12]Yamabe H,Hanaoka J,Funakoshi T,et al.Deep negative T waves and abnormal cardiac sympathetic image(123I-MIBG)after the Great Hanshin Earthquake of1995[J].Am J Med Sci,1996,311(5):221-224.
[13]Leor J,Poole WK,Kloner RA.Sudden cardiac death triggered by an earthquake[J].N Engl J Med,1996,334(7):413-419.
[14]Kloner RA,Leor J,Poole WK,et al.Population-based analysis of the effect of the Northridge Earthquake on cardiac death in Los An-geles County,California[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,1997,30(5):1174-1180.
[15]Tsai CH,Lung FW,Wang SY.The1999Ji-Ji(Taiwan)earth-quake as a trigger for acute myocardial infarction[J].Psychosomat-ics,2004,45(6):477-482.
[16]Suzuki S,Sakamoto S,Miki T,et al.Hanshin-Awaji earthquake and acute myocardial infarction[J].Lancet,1995,345(8955):981.
[17]Suzuki S,Sakamoto S,Koide M,et al:Hanshin-Awaji earthquake as a trigger for acute myocardial infarction[J].Am Heart J,1997,134(5pt1):974-977.
[18]Kario K,Ohashi T.On behalf of the Tsuna Medical Association:Increased coronary heart disease mortality after the Hanshin-Awaji earthquake among the older community on Awaji Island[J].J Am Geriatr Soc,1997,45(5):610-613.
[19]Kario K,Ohashi T.On behalf of Tsuna Medical Association:After major earthquake,stroke death occurs more frequently than coro-nary heart disease death in very elderly subjects[J].J Am Geriatr Soc,1998,46(4):537-538.
[20]Armenian HK,Melkonian AK,Hovanesian AP.Long term mor-tality and morbidity related to degree of damage following the1988earthquake in Armenia[J].Am J Epidemiol,1998,148(11):1077-1084.
[21]Trichopoulos D,Katsouyanni K,Zavitsanos X,et al.Psychologi-cal stress and fatal heart attack:the Athens(1981)earthquake nat-ural experiment[J].Lancet,1983,1(8322):441-444.
[22]Dobson AJ,Alexander HM,Malcolm JA,et al.Heart attacks and the Newcastle earthquake[J].Med J Aust,1991,155(11-12):757-761.
[23]Kario K.Does earthquake-induced cardiovascular disease persist or be suppressed after the major quake?[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,1998,32(2):553-554.
[24]Sterling P,Eyer J.Allostasis:a new paradigm to explain arousal pathology[M].//Fisher S,Reason J.Handbook of Life Stress,Cognition and Health.New York:John Wiley,1988:629-649.
[25]Ridker PM,Manson JE,Buring JE,et al.Circadian variation of a-cute myocardial infarction and the effect of low-dose aspirin in a ran-domized trial of physicians[J].Circulation,1990,82(3):897-902.
[26]Sayer JW,Gutteridge C,Syndercombe-Court D,et al.Circadian activity of the endogenous fibrinolytic system in stable coronary ar-tery disease:effects of beta-adrenoreceptor blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,1998,32:1962-1968.
[27]Wilkinson CW,Peskind ER,Raskind MA.Decreased hypothalam-ic-pituitary-adrenal axis sensitivity to cortical feedback inhibition in human aging[J].Neuroendocrinology,1997,65(1):79-90.
[2]Gullette EC,Blumenthal JA,Babyak M,et al.Effects of mental stress on myocardial ischemia during daily life[J].JAMA,1997,277(19):1521-1526.
[3]De Pauw M,Tavernier R,Jordaens L.Earthquake tachycardia in Belgium[J].Heart,1996,76(1):23.
[4]Lin LY,Wu CC,Liu YB,et al.Derangement of heart rate variabili-ty during a catastrophic earthquake:a possible mechanism for in-creased heart attacks[J].Pacing Clin Electrophysiol,2001,24(11):1596-1601.
[5]Bland SH,Farinaro E,Krogh V,et al.Long term relations be-tween earthquake experiences and coronary heart disease risk factors[J].Am J Epidemiol,2000,151(11):1086-1090.
[6]Parati G,Antonicelli R,Guazzarotti F,et al.Cardiovascular effects of an earthquake:direct evidence by ambulatory blood pressure mo-nitoring[J].Hypertension,2001,38(5):1093-1095.
[7]Kario K,Matsuo T,Shimada K,et al.Factors associated with the occurrence and magnitude of earthquake-induced increases in blood pressure[J].Am J Med,2001,111(5):379-384.
[8]Saito K,Kim JI,Maekawa K,et al.The great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake aggravates blood pressure control in treated hypertensive patients[J].Am J Hypertens,1997,10(2):217-221.
[9]Kario K,Matsuo T,Kobayashi H,et al.Earthquake-induced po-tentiation of acute risk factors in hypertensive patients:possible trig-gering of cardiovascular events after a major earthquake[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,1997,29(5):926-933.
[10]Minami J,Kawano Y,Ishimitsu T,et al.Effect of the Hanshin-Awaji earthquake on home blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension[J].Am J Hypertens,1997,10(2):222-225.
[11]Shedd OL,Sears SF Jr,Harvill JL,et al.The World Trade Center attack:increased frequency of defibrillator shocks for ventricular ar-rhythmias in patients living remotely from New York City[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2004,44(6):1265-1267.
[12]Yamabe H,Hanaoka J,Funakoshi T,et al.Deep negative T waves and abnormal cardiac sympathetic image(123I-MIBG)after the Great Hanshin Earthquake of1995[J].Am J Med Sci,1996,311(5):221-224.
[13]Leor J,Poole WK,Kloner RA.Sudden cardiac death triggered by an earthquake[J].N Engl J Med,1996,334(7):413-419.
[14]Kloner RA,Leor J,Poole WK,et al.Population-based analysis of the effect of the Northridge Earthquake on cardiac death in Los An-geles County,California[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,1997,30(5):1174-1180.
[15]Tsai CH,Lung FW,Wang SY.The1999Ji-Ji(Taiwan)earth-quake as a trigger for acute myocardial infarction[J].Psychosomat-ics,2004,45(6):477-482.
[16]Suzuki S,Sakamoto S,Miki T,et al.Hanshin-Awaji earthquake and acute myocardial infarction[J].Lancet,1995,345(8955):981.
[17]Suzuki S,Sakamoto S,Koide M,et al:Hanshin-Awaji earthquake as a trigger for acute myocardial infarction[J].Am Heart J,1997,134(5pt1):974-977.
[18]Kario K,Ohashi T.On behalf of the Tsuna Medical Association:Increased coronary heart disease mortality after the Hanshin-Awaji earthquake among the older community on Awaji Island[J].J Am Geriatr Soc,1997,45(5):610-613.
[19]Kario K,Ohashi T.On behalf of Tsuna Medical Association:After major earthquake,stroke death occurs more frequently than coro-nary heart disease death in very elderly subjects[J].J Am Geriatr Soc,1998,46(4):537-538.
[20]Armenian HK,Melkonian AK,Hovanesian AP.Long term mor-tality and morbidity related to degree of damage following the1988earthquake in Armenia[J].Am J Epidemiol,1998,148(11):1077-1084.
[21]Trichopoulos D,Katsouyanni K,Zavitsanos X,et al.Psychologi-cal stress and fatal heart attack:the Athens(1981)earthquake nat-ural experiment[J].Lancet,1983,1(8322):441-444.
[22]Dobson AJ,Alexander HM,Malcolm JA,et al.Heart attacks and the Newcastle earthquake[J].Med J Aust,1991,155(11-12):757-761.
[23]Kario K.Does earthquake-induced cardiovascular disease persist or be suppressed after the major quake?[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,1998,32(2):553-554.
[24]Sterling P,Eyer J.Allostasis:a new paradigm to explain arousal pathology[M].//Fisher S,Reason J.Handbook of Life Stress,Cognition and Health.New York:John Wiley,1988:629-649.
[25]Ridker PM,Manson JE,Buring JE,et al.Circadian variation of a-cute myocardial infarction and the effect of low-dose aspirin in a ran-domized trial of physicians[J].Circulation,1990,82(3):897-902.
[26]Sayer JW,Gutteridge C,Syndercombe-Court D,et al.Circadian activity of the endogenous fibrinolytic system in stable coronary ar-tery disease:effects of beta-adrenoreceptor blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,1998,32:1962-1968.
[27]Wilkinson CW,Peskind ER,Raskind MA.Decreased hypothalam-ic-pituitary-adrenal axis sensitivity to cortical feedback inhibition in human aging[J].Neuroendocrinology,1997,65(1):79-90.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心