汶川大地震对外来入侵种的影响与管理对策
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摘要
2008年5月12日四川省汶川县发生的大地震对当地人民的生命财产造成了巨大的损失。为了营灾民及抢救财产,大量国际和国内救援物资和人员陆续到达地震灾区,对减轻灾区民众的痛苦起到了积极的作用。随着国际国内救援物资和人员的到达,一些外来入侵种有可能随之进入灾区。如果这些外来入侵种得不到有效的控制,就可能造成生物入侵的发生。因此应该采取科学的对策及早进行防治,包括:(1)加强对外来入侵种的生态风险评估,(2)严密监测外来入侵种的动态,(3)采取科学方法控制外来入侵种。
The heavy quake happed on May 12,2008,Wenchuan,Sichuan resulted in lots of people's death and injury as well as great lost of estates.In order to rescue these people from suffering and save their estates lots of rescuers and materials from in and abroad had arrived in this region timely which has proved their great effectiveness.However,with the income of these rescuers and materials,It could also see the some alien species which will probably result in ecological invasion if we do not exert effective control on them.Therefore,strategies for controlling the invasion of alien species should be introduced,including(1)strengthening ecological risk assessment for invasion alien species,(2)careful monitoring for the dynamics of invasion alien species and(3)adopting scientific methods to control invasion alien species.
The heavy quake happed on May 12,2008,Wenchuan,Sichuan resulted in lots of people's death and injury as well as great lost of estates.In order to rescue these people from suffering and save their estates lots of rescuers and materials from in and abroad had arrived in this region timely which has proved their great effectiveness.However,with the income of these rescuers and materials,It could also see the some alien species which will probably result in ecological invasion if we do not exert effective control on them.Therefore,strategies for controlling the invasion of alien species should be introduced,including(1)strengthening ecological risk assessment for invasion alien species,(2)careful monitoring for the dynamics of invasion alien species and(3)adopting scientific methods to control invasion alien species.
引文
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[10]Tyser R W,Worley C A.Alien flora in grasslands adjacent to road and trail corridors in Glacier National Park,Montana(USA).Conserv Biol,1992,6:253-262.
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[12]Inderjit.Plant invasions:habitat invasibility and dominance of invasive plant species.Plant Soil,2005,277:1-5.
[13]Campbell F T.Exotic pest plant councils:cooperating to assess and control invasive non-indigenous plant species.In:Luken J O ed.Assessment and Management of Plant Invasions.Berlin:Springer,1997.228-230.
[14]Hallegraeff G M.Transport of exotic dinoflagelates via ships ballast water:bioecono-mic risk assessment and efficacy of possible ballast water management strategies.Mari.Eco1Progress Series,1998,168:297-309.
[15]Xiang Y,Peng S,Ren H,et al.Management and ecological risk assessment of exotic plants.Chin J Ecol,2002,21(5):40-48.
[16]Perrings C,Dehnen-Schmutz,Touza J,et al.How to manage biological invasions under globalization.Trends Ecol Evol,2005,20:212-215.
[17]Strauss S Y,Web C O,Salamin N.Exotic species less related to native species are more invasive.Proc Natl Acad Sci,2006,103:5841-5845.
[18]Pimentel D,Zuniga R,Morrison D.Update on the environmental and economic costs associated with alien-invasive species in the United States.Ecol Econ,2005,52:273-288.
[19]Zhou X,Zan Q,Wang Y,et al.The transmission and damaging effect ofMikania micranthain Guangdong Province of China.Ecologic Science,2003,22(4):332-336.
[20]Dong M,Lu J,Zhang W,et al.Canada goldenrod(Solidago canadensis):An invasive alien weed rapidly spreading in China.Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica,2006,44(1):72-85.
[21]Wang F H,Zheng X B,Guo J Y.Biology and Management of Invasive Alien Species in Agriculture and Forestry.Beijing:Science Press,2005,700-708.
[1]吴海荣,强胜,段惠,等.假高粱的特征特性及控制.杂草科学,2004,(1):52～54.
[2]徐海根,强胜.中国外来入侵物种编目.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2004.71～83,149～151,280～281,286～318,336～341,369.
[3]李振宇,觧焱.中国外来入侵种.北京:中国林业出版社,2002.56,156.
[5]冯惠玲,曹洪麟,梁晓东,等.薇甘菊在广东的分布与危害.热带亚热带植物学报,2002,10(3):263～270.
[6]张炜银,王伯荪,廖文波,等.外域恶性杂草薇甘菊研究进展.应用生态学报,2002,12(12):1684～1688.
[7]叶喜.我国紫茎泽兰的危害及其利用研究现状.西南林学院学报,2003,23(4):75～78.
[8]徐汝梅,叶万辉.生物入侵——理论与实践.北京:科学出版社,2003.66.
[15]向言词,彭少麟,任海,等.植物外来种的生态风险评估和管理.生态学杂志,2002,21(5):40～48.
[19]周先叶,昝启杰,王勇军,等.薇甘菊在广东的传播及危害状况调查.生态科学,2003,22(4):332～336
[20]董梅,陆建忠,张文驹,等.加拿大一枝黄花——一种正在迅速扩张的外来入侵植物.植物分类学报,2006,44(1):72～85.
[21]万方浩,郑小波,郭建英.重要农林外来入侵物种的生物学与控制.北京:科学出版社,2005.700～708.
[2]Xu HG,Qiang,S.Inventory Invasive Alien Species in China.Beijing:China Environment Science Press,2004.71-83,149-151,280-281,286-318,336-341,369.
[3]Li Z Y,Xie Y.Invasive Alien Species in China.Beijing:Chinese Forestry Publishing House,2004.56,156.
[4]Taylor B W,Irwin R E.Linking economic activities to the distribution of exotic plants.Proc Natl Acad Sci,2004,101:17725-17730.
[5]Feng HL,Cao HL,Liang X D,et al.The distribution and harmful effect ofMikania micranthain Guangdong.J Trop&Subtrop Bot,2002,10(3):263-270.
[6]Zhang W Y,Wang B S,Liao W B,et al.Progress in Studies on an exotic vicious weed.Mikania micrantha.Chin J Appl Ecol,2002,12(12):1684-1688.
[7]Ye X.Research on the damage ofEupatorium adenophorumin China and utilization of the weed material.J Southwest Forestry College,2003,23(4):75-78.
[8]Xu R M,Ye W H.Biological Invasion:Theory and Practice.Beijing:Science Press,2003,66.
[9]Deferraric C M,Naiman N B.Notification of macrophyte resistance to the disturbance by an exotic grass,and implication for desert stream succession,Washington.J Veg Sci,1994,5:247-258.
[10]Tyser R W,Worley C A.Alien flora in grasslands adjacent to road and trail corridors in Glacier National Park,Montana(USA).Conserv Biol,1992,6:253-262.
[11]Gelbard J L,Belnap J.Roads as conduits for exotic plant invasions in a semiarid landscape.Conserv Biol,2003,17:420-432.
[12]Inderjit.Plant invasions:habitat invasibility and dominance of invasive plant species.Plant Soil,2005,277:1-5.
[13]Campbell F T.Exotic pest plant councils:cooperating to assess and control invasive non-indigenous plant species.In:Luken J O ed.Assessment and Management of Plant Invasions.Berlin:Springer,1997.228-230.
[14]Hallegraeff G M.Transport of exotic dinoflagelates via ships ballast water:bioecono-mic risk assessment and efficacy of possible ballast water management strategies.Mari.Eco1Progress Series,1998,168:297-309.
[15]Xiang Y,Peng S,Ren H,et al.Management and ecological risk assessment of exotic plants.Chin J Ecol,2002,21(5):40-48.
[16]Perrings C,Dehnen-Schmutz,Touza J,et al.How to manage biological invasions under globalization.Trends Ecol Evol,2005,20:212-215.
[17]Strauss S Y,Web C O,Salamin N.Exotic species less related to native species are more invasive.Proc Natl Acad Sci,2006,103:5841-5845.
[18]Pimentel D,Zuniga R,Morrison D.Update on the environmental and economic costs associated with alien-invasive species in the United States.Ecol Econ,2005,52:273-288.
[19]Zhou X,Zan Q,Wang Y,et al.The transmission and damaging effect ofMikania micranthain Guangdong Province of China.Ecologic Science,2003,22(4):332-336.
[20]Dong M,Lu J,Zhang W,et al.Canada goldenrod(Solidago canadensis):An invasive alien weed rapidly spreading in China.Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica,2006,44(1):72-85.
[21]Wang F H,Zheng X B,Guo J Y.Biology and Management of Invasive Alien Species in Agriculture and Forestry.Beijing:Science Press,2005,700-708.
[1]吴海荣,强胜,段惠,等.假高粱的特征特性及控制.杂草科学,2004,(1):52～54.
[2]徐海根,强胜.中国外来入侵物种编目.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2004.71～83,149～151,280～281,286～318,336～341,369.
[3]李振宇,觧焱.中国外来入侵种.北京:中国林业出版社,2002.56,156.
[5]冯惠玲,曹洪麟,梁晓东,等.薇甘菊在广东的分布与危害.热带亚热带植物学报,2002,10(3):263～270.
[6]张炜银,王伯荪,廖文波,等.外域恶性杂草薇甘菊研究进展.应用生态学报,2002,12(12):1684～1688.
[7]叶喜.我国紫茎泽兰的危害及其利用研究现状.西南林学院学报,2003,23(4):75～78.
[8]徐汝梅,叶万辉.生物入侵——理论与实践.北京:科学出版社,2003.66.
[15]向言词,彭少麟,任海,等.植物外来种的生态风险评估和管理.生态学杂志,2002,21(5):40～48.
[19]周先叶,昝启杰,王勇军,等.薇甘菊在广东的传播及危害状况调查.生态科学,2003,22(4):332～336
[20]董梅,陆建忠,张文驹,等.加拿大一枝黄花——一种正在迅速扩张的外来入侵植物.植物分类学报,2006,44(1):72～85.
[21]万方浩,郑小波,郭建英.重要农林外来入侵物种的生物学与控制.北京:科学出版社,2005.700～708.
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