长输管道抗震研究的进展与趋向
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摘要
为解决国家“西气东输”工程所面临的重要技术难题 ,对国内外在长距离输送管道的地震反应与稳定性研究领域内的现状及所存在的问题进行了综述 ,包括土 管系统模型的建立、地震激励的输入以及管线的地震反应分析方法等 ,分析了有关理论研究和工程技术的发展趋向 ,指出进一步研究各种因素对管道抗震性能影响的范围与程度 ,力学模型的进一步补充与完善 ,以及计算方法的进一步改进与修正等将是该领域的研究方向 .
To solve the important technical difficulties of transporting gas from the West to the East of China,summarized are the state of the art and existing problems in the field of the seismic response and the bucking of the long distance transportation pipes, including the modeling of soil pipe system, seismic excitation and the analysis methods of seismic response of the pipes. The trends of the relative theoretic research and project technology are analyzed. The research needs in this field, such as the further research in the range and degree of all the factors’ influence to the aseismatic capability of the pipes, the further complementarity of the mechanics models and the further retouch of the computing means are presented.
To solve the important technical difficulties of transporting gas from the West to the East of China,summarized are the state of the art and existing problems in the field of the seismic response and the bucking of the long distance transportation pipes, including the modeling of soil pipe system, seismic excitation and the analysis methods of seismic response of the pipes. The trends of the relative theoretic research and project technology are analyzed. The research needs in this field, such as the further research in the range and degree of all the factors’ influence to the aseismatic capability of the pipes, the further complementarity of the mechanics models and the further retouch of the computing means are presented.
引文
[1] ParmeleeRA ,LudtkeCA .Seismicsoil structureinter actionofburiedpipelines [A].ProcofUSNationalConfEarthqEng [C].Oakland :EERI,1975 .40 6～ 415 .
[2 ] WangLRL ,ChengKM .Seismicresponsebehaviorofburiedpiplelines[J].JofPressureVesselTechnology ,1979,10 1(1) :2 1～ 30 .
[3] WangLRL .Seismicevaluationmodelforburiedlifelines[A].ProcoftheSpecialityConfonLifelineEarthqEng[C].SanFrancisco:ASCE ,1981.335～ 347.
[4 ] NelsonI ,WeidlingerP .Dynamicseismicanalysisoflongsegmentedlifelined [J].JofPressureVesselTechnolo gy ,1979,10 1(1) :10～ 2 0 .
[5 ] MuleskiGE ,ArimanT .Ashellmodelforburiedpipesinearthquakes[J].IntJofSoilDynEarthqEng ,1985 ,4(1) :43～ 5 1.
[6 ] TakadaS ,TanabeK .Three dimensionalseismicre sponseanalysisofburiedcontinuousorjointedpipelines[J].JofPressureVesselTechnology ,1987,10 9(1) :35～ 42 .
[7] TakadaS ,HigashiS .ShellmodelFEManalysisforjointedburiedpipelines [A].ProcofChina JapanSymponLifelineEarthqEng [C].Beijing :SciencePress,1990 .145～ 15 2 .
[8] TakadaS ,HorinouchiN ,TsubakimotoT ,etal.Earth quakeresistanceevaluationofservicejunctionsinasmall diametersteelpipelines [A].Procof 9thWorldConfonEarthqEng [C].Oakland :EERI,1988.85～ 90 .
[9] DattaSK ,ShahAH ,WongKC .Dynamicstressesanddisplacementsinaburiedpipe [J].JofEngMech ,1984,110 (12 ) :145 1～ 146 6 .
[10 ] DattaSK ,ShahAH ,Ei AkilyN .Dynamicbehaviorofburiedpipeinaseismicenvironment [J].JofApplMech ,1982 ,49(1) :141～ 149.
[11] HindyA ,NovakM .Earthquakeresponseofunder groundpipeline [J].IntJEarthqEngStructDyn ,1979,7(5 ) :45 1～ 476 .
[12 ] 叶耀先 ,魏 琏 ,陈 聃 .浅埋地下管线的振动性状[A].地震工程论文集 [C].北京 :科学出版社 ,1982 .
[13] 熊占路 .用离散模型分析地下管道的地震应力 [A].第二届全国地震工程会议论文集 [C].北京 :中国地震学会 ,1987.
[14] 王海波 ,林 皋 .半无限弹性介质中管线地震反应分析 [J].土木工程学报 ,1988,2 0 (3) :80～ 91.
[15 ] 甘文水 ,侯忠良 .地震行波作用下埋设管线的反应计算 [J].地震工程与工程振动 ,1988,8(2 ) :79～ 86 .
[16 ] 张社荣 ,陈 荣 .沟埋式管与土相互作用的动态有限单元法 [J].天津大学学报 ,1995 ,2 8(3) :36 9～ 374.
[17] 张进国 ,吕英民 ,崔淑萍 .地震作用下埋地管道纵向振动加权余量解 [J].油气储运 ,1997,16 (12 ) :30～ 32 .
[18] 黄忠邦 ,高 海 ,项忠权 .埋地管线在均匀和非均匀土介质中的地震反应 [J].天津大学学报 ,1995 ,2 8(1) :55～ 6 0 .
[19] XieX ,HeYA .Calculationofearthquakeresponsetotheembeddedpipelinelaidthroughdifferentmedia [A].Procof 9thWorldConfonEarthqEng [C].Oakland :EERI,1988.49～ 5 3 .
[2 0 ] 林慧杰 ,胡聿贤 .不均匀土中管线的地震反应分析[A].第三届全国地震工程会议论文集 [C].北京 :中国地震学会 ,1991.
[2 1] HouZL ,LiB .Theelastoplasticearthquakeresponsesanalysisoftheburiedpipelinesthroughdifferentgroundrigidity [A].Procof 2ndChina Japan USTrilateralSymponLifelineEarthqEng [C].Xi′an :ShaanxiSci enceandTechnologyPress ,1994.91～ 98.
[2 2 ] 梁建文 .穿越三种土介质管线的动力分析 [J].天津大学学报 ,1998,31(2 ) :16 3～ 16 8.
[2 3] NewmarkNM ,HallWJ .Pipelinedesigntoresistlargefaultdisplacement [A ].ProcofUSConfonEarthqEng [C].Oakland :EERI ,1975 .416～ 42 5 .
[2 4] KennedyRP ,ChowAW ,WilliamsonRA .Faultmovementeffectsonburiedoil pipeline [J].JofTranspEng ,1977,10 3(6 ) :6 17～ 6 33.
[2 5 ] HouZL ,GanW ,XiaoW .Responseofburiedpipelineunderfaultmovement [A].Procof 1stChina JapanSymponLifelineEarthqEng [C].Beijing :SciencePress,1990 .173～ 181.
[2 6 ] 张进国 ,吕英民 .地震裂缝错位作用时埋地管道的有限元分析 [J].油气储运 ,1997,16 (2 ) :2 8～ 30 .
[2 7] 郭恩栋 ,冯启民 .跨断层埋地钢管道抗震计算方法研究 [J].地震工程与工程振动 ,1999,19(4 ) :43～ 47.
[2 8] 冯启民 ,郭恩栋 .跨断层埋地管道抗震试验 [J].地震工程与工程振动 ,2 0 0 0 ,2 0 (1) :5 6～ 6 3 .
[2 9] 张永国 ,陆朝荣 ,于佰俭 .防止埋地管道上浮的措施[J].油气储运 ,1999,18(8) :48～ 49.
[30 ] 侯忠良 ,甘文水 ,肖五虎 .加热输油管线地震反应分析[J].工业建筑 ,1990 ,2 0 (1) :2 3～ 2 7.
[31] 甘文水 ,侯忠良 .液化土中埋设管线的上浮反应 [J].特种结构 ,1989,6 (3) :3～ 7.
[32 ] XiongJG ,WangT ,WangG ,etal.Seismicbehaviorofburiedpipelinesduringliquefaction [A].Procof 2ndChina Japan USTrilateralSymponLifelineEarthqEng[C].Xi′an :ShaanxiScienceandTechnologyPress,1994.185～ 192 .
[33] 高惠瑛 ,冯启民 .场地沉陷埋地管道反应分析方法[J].地震工程与工程振动 ,1997,17(1) :6 8～ 74.
[34] HindyA , NovakM . Pipelineresponsetorandomgroundmotion [J].JEngMech ,1980 ,10 6 (3) :339～ 36 0 .
[35 ] 赵成刚 .地震波作用下地下管道的模糊随机反应和可靠性分析 [A].结构与介质相互作用理论及其应用[C].南京 :河海大学出版社 ,1993 .
[36 ] 周 建 ,王前信 .地下管道随机反应及动力可靠性分析 [J].土木工程学报 ,1993 ,2 6 (4 ) :5 4～ 6 0 .
[37] LinG ,WangJ,LiB ,etal.Seismicresponseofburiedpipelinesbasedonstochasticmodelofgroundmotion[A].Procof 2ndChina Japan USTrilateralSymponLifelineEarthqEng [C].Xi′an :ShaanxiScienceandTechnologyPress,1994.10 5～ 112 .
[38] YunH ,KyriakidesS .Modelforbean modebucklingofburiedpipelines [J].JofEngMech ,1985 ,111(3) :2 35～ 2 5 3 .
[39] YunH ,KyriakidesS .Onthebeamandshellmodesofburiedpipelines [J].IntJofSoilDynEarthqEng ,1990 ,9(3) :179～ 193 .
[4 0 ] KyriakidesS ,YunH ,YewCH .Bucklingofburiedpipelinesduetolargegroundmovements [A].PVP 77[C].NewYork :ASME ,1983 .140～ 15 0 .
[4 1] LeeLHN ,ArimanT ,ChenCC .Onbucklingofburiedpipelinesbyseismicexicitation [A ].PVP 75[C].NewYork :ASME ,1980 .
[4 2 ] ChenCC ,ArimanT ,LeeLHN .Elasticbucklinganalysisofburiedpipelinesunderseismicloads [A ].PVP 76 [C].NewYork :ASME ,1980 .
[4 3] LeeLHN ,ArimanT ,ChenCC .Elastic plasticbuck lingofburiedpipelinesbyseismicexicitation [J].IntJofSoilDynEarthqEng ,1984 ,3(3) :16 8～ 173.
[4 4] HeYA ,LiangJW .Dynamicsablilityofburiedpipelines [A].ProcofAsianPacificConfonComputa tionalMechanics [C].HongKong :TheHongKongPolytechnicUniversity ,1991.6 5 7～ 6 6 1.
[4 5 ] HeYA ,LiangJW ,ChenG .Shell modedynamicin stabilityofburied pipelinesbyfiniteelenentmethod[A].ProcofIntSymponStructTechofPipelineEng[C].Beijing :SciencePress,1992 .30 7～ 311.
[4 6 ] 梁建文 ,何玉敖 .地下管道轴向动态失稳分析 [J].工程力学 ,1994,11(3) :12 9～ 136 .
[4 7] AshleyH ,HavilandG .Bendingvibrationofapipelinecontainingflowingfluid [J].JofApplMech ,195 0 ,17(3) :2 2 9～ 2 32 .
[4 8] LevyS .Calculationofaddedwatermasseffectsforre actorsystemscompoments [A].Proc 3rdIntlConfStrusMechinReactorTech [C].London :AcademicPress ,1975 .
[4 9] 科列涅夫БГ .地震动下工程结构物的动力计算 [M ].沈聚敏 ,等译 .北京 :地震出版社 ,1994.
[5 0 ] 格赫曼AC ,扎伊涅特季诺夫ХХ .管道的抗震设计施工与监护 [M ].刘 昆 ,等译 .北京 :地震出版社 ,1992 .[5 1] 江建祥 ,黄幼玲 .弹性支撑输流管道固有频率计算[J].振动工程学报 ,1992 ,5 (4 ) :396～ 40 2 .
[5 2 ] 郭海燕 ,吴世明 .竖向地震荷载下输液管道弯曲振动的有限元分析 [J].振动工程学报 ,1995 ,8(4 ) :384～388.
[5 3] 郭海燕 ,孟凡顺 .竖向地震作用下充满液体管道的地震反应分析 [J].振动工程学报 ,1998,11(2 ) :16 5～16 8.
[2 ] WangLRL ,ChengKM .Seismicresponsebehaviorofburiedpiplelines[J].JofPressureVesselTechnology ,1979,10 1(1) :2 1～ 30 .
[3] WangLRL .Seismicevaluationmodelforburiedlifelines[A].ProcoftheSpecialityConfonLifelineEarthqEng[C].SanFrancisco:ASCE ,1981.335～ 347.
[4 ] NelsonI ,WeidlingerP .Dynamicseismicanalysisoflongsegmentedlifelined [J].JofPressureVesselTechnolo gy ,1979,10 1(1) :10～ 2 0 .
[5 ] MuleskiGE ,ArimanT .Ashellmodelforburiedpipesinearthquakes[J].IntJofSoilDynEarthqEng ,1985 ,4(1) :43～ 5 1.
[6 ] TakadaS ,TanabeK .Three dimensionalseismicre sponseanalysisofburiedcontinuousorjointedpipelines[J].JofPressureVesselTechnology ,1987,10 9(1) :35～ 42 .
[7] TakadaS ,HigashiS .ShellmodelFEManalysisforjointedburiedpipelines [A].ProcofChina JapanSymponLifelineEarthqEng [C].Beijing :SciencePress,1990 .145～ 15 2 .
[8] TakadaS ,HorinouchiN ,TsubakimotoT ,etal.Earth quakeresistanceevaluationofservicejunctionsinasmall diametersteelpipelines [A].Procof 9thWorldConfonEarthqEng [C].Oakland :EERI,1988.85～ 90 .
[9] DattaSK ,ShahAH ,WongKC .Dynamicstressesanddisplacementsinaburiedpipe [J].JofEngMech ,1984,110 (12 ) :145 1～ 146 6 .
[10 ] DattaSK ,ShahAH ,Ei AkilyN .Dynamicbehaviorofburiedpipeinaseismicenvironment [J].JofApplMech ,1982 ,49(1) :141～ 149.
[11] HindyA ,NovakM .Earthquakeresponseofunder groundpipeline [J].IntJEarthqEngStructDyn ,1979,7(5 ) :45 1～ 476 .
[12 ] 叶耀先 ,魏 琏 ,陈 聃 .浅埋地下管线的振动性状[A].地震工程论文集 [C].北京 :科学出版社 ,1982 .
[13] 熊占路 .用离散模型分析地下管道的地震应力 [A].第二届全国地震工程会议论文集 [C].北京 :中国地震学会 ,1987.
[14] 王海波 ,林 皋 .半无限弹性介质中管线地震反应分析 [J].土木工程学报 ,1988,2 0 (3) :80～ 91.
[15 ] 甘文水 ,侯忠良 .地震行波作用下埋设管线的反应计算 [J].地震工程与工程振动 ,1988,8(2 ) :79～ 86 .
[16 ] 张社荣 ,陈 荣 .沟埋式管与土相互作用的动态有限单元法 [J].天津大学学报 ,1995 ,2 8(3) :36 9～ 374.
[17] 张进国 ,吕英民 ,崔淑萍 .地震作用下埋地管道纵向振动加权余量解 [J].油气储运 ,1997,16 (12 ) :30～ 32 .
[18] 黄忠邦 ,高 海 ,项忠权 .埋地管线在均匀和非均匀土介质中的地震反应 [J].天津大学学报 ,1995 ,2 8(1) :55～ 6 0 .
[19] XieX ,HeYA .Calculationofearthquakeresponsetotheembeddedpipelinelaidthroughdifferentmedia [A].Procof 9thWorldConfonEarthqEng [C].Oakland :EERI,1988.49～ 5 3 .
[2 0 ] 林慧杰 ,胡聿贤 .不均匀土中管线的地震反应分析[A].第三届全国地震工程会议论文集 [C].北京 :中国地震学会 ,1991.
[2 1] HouZL ,LiB .Theelastoplasticearthquakeresponsesanalysisoftheburiedpipelinesthroughdifferentgroundrigidity [A].Procof 2ndChina Japan USTrilateralSymponLifelineEarthqEng [C].Xi′an :ShaanxiSci enceandTechnologyPress ,1994.91～ 98.
[2 2 ] 梁建文 .穿越三种土介质管线的动力分析 [J].天津大学学报 ,1998,31(2 ) :16 3～ 16 8.
[2 3] NewmarkNM ,HallWJ .Pipelinedesigntoresistlargefaultdisplacement [A ].ProcofUSConfonEarthqEng [C].Oakland :EERI ,1975 .416～ 42 5 .
[2 4] KennedyRP ,ChowAW ,WilliamsonRA .Faultmovementeffectsonburiedoil pipeline [J].JofTranspEng ,1977,10 3(6 ) :6 17～ 6 33.
[2 5 ] HouZL ,GanW ,XiaoW .Responseofburiedpipelineunderfaultmovement [A].Procof 1stChina JapanSymponLifelineEarthqEng [C].Beijing :SciencePress,1990 .173～ 181.
[2 6 ] 张进国 ,吕英民 .地震裂缝错位作用时埋地管道的有限元分析 [J].油气储运 ,1997,16 (2 ) :2 8～ 30 .
[2 7] 郭恩栋 ,冯启民 .跨断层埋地钢管道抗震计算方法研究 [J].地震工程与工程振动 ,1999,19(4 ) :43～ 47.
[2 8] 冯启民 ,郭恩栋 .跨断层埋地管道抗震试验 [J].地震工程与工程振动 ,2 0 0 0 ,2 0 (1) :5 6～ 6 3 .
[2 9] 张永国 ,陆朝荣 ,于佰俭 .防止埋地管道上浮的措施[J].油气储运 ,1999,18(8) :48～ 49.
[30 ] 侯忠良 ,甘文水 ,肖五虎 .加热输油管线地震反应分析[J].工业建筑 ,1990 ,2 0 (1) :2 3～ 2 7.
[31] 甘文水 ,侯忠良 .液化土中埋设管线的上浮反应 [J].特种结构 ,1989,6 (3) :3～ 7.
[32 ] XiongJG ,WangT ,WangG ,etal.Seismicbehaviorofburiedpipelinesduringliquefaction [A].Procof 2ndChina Japan USTrilateralSymponLifelineEarthqEng[C].Xi′an :ShaanxiScienceandTechnologyPress,1994.185～ 192 .
[33] 高惠瑛 ,冯启民 .场地沉陷埋地管道反应分析方法[J].地震工程与工程振动 ,1997,17(1) :6 8～ 74.
[34] HindyA , NovakM . Pipelineresponsetorandomgroundmotion [J].JEngMech ,1980 ,10 6 (3) :339～ 36 0 .
[35 ] 赵成刚 .地震波作用下地下管道的模糊随机反应和可靠性分析 [A].结构与介质相互作用理论及其应用[C].南京 :河海大学出版社 ,1993 .
[36 ] 周 建 ,王前信 .地下管道随机反应及动力可靠性分析 [J].土木工程学报 ,1993 ,2 6 (4 ) :5 4～ 6 0 .
[37] LinG ,WangJ,LiB ,etal.Seismicresponseofburiedpipelinesbasedonstochasticmodelofgroundmotion[A].Procof 2ndChina Japan USTrilateralSymponLifelineEarthqEng [C].Xi′an :ShaanxiScienceandTechnologyPress,1994.10 5～ 112 .
[38] YunH ,KyriakidesS .Modelforbean modebucklingofburiedpipelines [J].JofEngMech ,1985 ,111(3) :2 35～ 2 5 3 .
[39] YunH ,KyriakidesS .Onthebeamandshellmodesofburiedpipelines [J].IntJofSoilDynEarthqEng ,1990 ,9(3) :179～ 193 .
[4 0 ] KyriakidesS ,YunH ,YewCH .Bucklingofburiedpipelinesduetolargegroundmovements [A].PVP 77[C].NewYork :ASME ,1983 .140～ 15 0 .
[4 1] LeeLHN ,ArimanT ,ChenCC .Onbucklingofburiedpipelinesbyseismicexicitation [A ].PVP 75[C].NewYork :ASME ,1980 .
[4 2 ] ChenCC ,ArimanT ,LeeLHN .Elasticbucklinganalysisofburiedpipelinesunderseismicloads [A ].PVP 76 [C].NewYork :ASME ,1980 .
[4 3] LeeLHN ,ArimanT ,ChenCC .Elastic plasticbuck lingofburiedpipelinesbyseismicexicitation [J].IntJofSoilDynEarthqEng ,1984 ,3(3) :16 8～ 173.
[4 4] HeYA ,LiangJW .Dynamicsablilityofburiedpipelines [A].ProcofAsianPacificConfonComputa tionalMechanics [C].HongKong :TheHongKongPolytechnicUniversity ,1991.6 5 7～ 6 6 1.
[4 5 ] HeYA ,LiangJW ,ChenG .Shell modedynamicin stabilityofburied pipelinesbyfiniteelenentmethod[A].ProcofIntSymponStructTechofPipelineEng[C].Beijing :SciencePress,1992 .30 7～ 311.
[4 6 ] 梁建文 ,何玉敖 .地下管道轴向动态失稳分析 [J].工程力学 ,1994,11(3) :12 9～ 136 .
[4 7] AshleyH ,HavilandG .Bendingvibrationofapipelinecontainingflowingfluid [J].JofApplMech ,195 0 ,17(3) :2 2 9～ 2 32 .
[4 8] LevyS .Calculationofaddedwatermasseffectsforre actorsystemscompoments [A].Proc 3rdIntlConfStrusMechinReactorTech [C].London :AcademicPress ,1975 .
[4 9] 科列涅夫БГ .地震动下工程结构物的动力计算 [M ].沈聚敏 ,等译 .北京 :地震出版社 ,1994.
[5 0 ] 格赫曼AC ,扎伊涅特季诺夫ХХ .管道的抗震设计施工与监护 [M ].刘 昆 ,等译 .北京 :地震出版社 ,1992 .[5 1] 江建祥 ,黄幼玲 .弹性支撑输流管道固有频率计算[J].振动工程学报 ,1992 ,5 (4 ) :396～ 40 2 .
[5 2 ] 郭海燕 ,吴世明 .竖向地震荷载下输液管道弯曲振动的有限元分析 [J].振动工程学报 ,1995 ,8(4 ) :384～388.
[5 3] 郭海燕 ,孟凡顺 .竖向地震作用下充满液体管道的地震反应分析 [J].振动工程学报 ,1998,11(2 ) :16 5～16 8.
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