基于匹配滤波的多次波压制方法研究
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摘要
常规滤波方法对浅海多次波压制不能取得理想效果.通过改变模型表面边界条件,求解波动方程实现多情景地震数值模拟.利用自由边界条件模拟时获得含海平面强反射多次波地震记录,而利用吸收边界条件时得到理想条件下无多次波地震记录.对比分析多次波对有效地震信号的影响得到海平面强反射多次波改变了有效地震信号的振幅、频率和相位.利用归一化方法计算得到压制多次波滤波器算子,并作用于含海平面强反射多次波地震记录.叠加地震剖面对比分析表明,归一化滤波器算子较好的压制了地震记录中的多次波,提高地震资料分辨率.最后,根据多次波产生条件,给出了利用实际区域简化地质模型的地震数值模拟结果计算归一化滤波器算子的方法,从而利用该方法压制实际地震数据中多次波.
The conventional filtering method can not work well in marine seismic multiple attenuating for shallow water.Seismic numerical simulation in different conditions was done by solving wave equation and changing the surface border conditions. Seismic with multiple produced by strong reflection of sea surface can be modeled with free border conditions,and seismic without multiple can be modeled with absorbing border conditions.That the multiple produce by strong reflection of sea surface has changed amplitude,frequency and phase of the effective reflected wave,can be seen after the compare of seismic simulated in different border conditions.The filtering operators for attenuating multiple can be calculated by the normalized method,and then they are worked on the seismic with multiple.The compares between the stacked seismic sections show that the normalized filtering operators work well in attenuating the seismic multiple,and the seismic resolution is improved after process.Thereafter,according the conditions affecting the multiple,the method to calculate normalized filtering operator for real seismic acquired in shallow sea fields is presented.They can be calculated using seismic simulated based on the simplified model of real conditions,in which the sea water depth,the shots' depth and the receivers' depth are more important.
The conventional filtering method can not work well in marine seismic multiple attenuating for shallow water.Seismic numerical simulation in different conditions was done by solving wave equation and changing the surface border conditions. Seismic with multiple produced by strong reflection of sea surface can be modeled with free border conditions,and seismic without multiple can be modeled with absorbing border conditions.That the multiple produce by strong reflection of sea surface has changed amplitude,frequency and phase of the effective reflected wave,can be seen after the compare of seismic simulated in different border conditions.The filtering operators for attenuating multiple can be calculated by the normalized method,and then they are worked on the seismic with multiple.The compares between the stacked seismic sections show that the normalized filtering operators work well in attenuating the seismic multiple,and the seismic resolution is improved after process.Thereafter,according the conditions affecting the multiple,the method to calculate normalized filtering operator for real seismic acquired in shallow sea fields is presented.They can be calculated using seismic simulated based on the simplified model of real conditions,in which the sea water depth,the shots' depth and the receivers' depth are more important.
引文
[1]黄新武,孙春岩,牛滨华,等.基于数据一致性预测与压制自由表面多次波-理论研究与试处理[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(1):173~180.
[2]李鹏,刘伊克,常旭,等.多次波问题的研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):888~897.
[3]张军华,吕宁,田连玉,等.地震资料去噪方法技术综合评述[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):546~553.
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[11]陆文凯,骆毅,赵波,等.基于独立分量分析的多次波自适应相减技术[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):886~891.
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[13]殷文,印兴耀,吴国忱,等.高精度频率域弹性波方程有限差分方法及波场模拟[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):561~568.
[14]廖振鹏,周正华,张艳红.波动数值模拟中透射边界的稳定实现[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(4):533~545.
[15]贾晓峰,胡天跃.滑动最小二乘法求解地震波波动方程[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):920~924.
[16]Kelly K R.Synthetic seismograms:A finite-difference ap-proach[J].Geophysics,1976,41(6):2~27.
[17]董良国,马在田,曹景忠.一阶波动方程交错网格高阶差分解法稳定性研究[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(6):856~864.
[18]孙卫涛,杨慧珠.各向异性介质弹性波传播的三维不规则网格有限差分方法[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(2):332~337.
[19]刘洋,李承楚,牟永光.双相横向各向同性介质分解面上弹性波反射与透射问题研究[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(5):691~698.
[20]田小波,吴庆举,曾融生.弹性波数值模拟的延迟边界方法[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(2):268~273.
[21]Berenger J P.A perfectly matched layer for absorption of e-lectromagnetics waves[J].J.Comput.Phys.,1994,114:185~200.
[22]王守东.声波方程完全匹配层吸收边界[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(1):31~34.
[23]陈小宏.四维地震数据归一化方法及实例处理[J].石油学报,1999,20(5):22~26.
[24]梁锦文.位场小波分析的物理解释[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(6):865~870.
[25]李蓉,胡天跃.时移地震资料处理中的互均化技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4):425~427.
[26]金龙,陈小宏,李景叶.基于误差准则和循环迭代的时移地震匹配滤波方法[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3):698~703.
[2]李鹏,刘伊克,常旭,等.多次波问题的研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):888~897.
[3]张军华,吕宁,田连玉,等.地震资料去噪方法技术综合评述[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):546~553.
[4]刘喜武,刘洪,李幼铭.高分辨率Radon变化方法及其在地震信号处理中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(1):8~15.
[5]王典,刘财,刘洋,等.反射法地震勘探噪音消除技术研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):957~970.
[6]胡天跃,王润秋,White R E.地震资料处理中的聚束滤波方法[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(4):105~115.
[7]洪菲,胡天跃,张文坡,等.用优化聚叔滤波方法消除低信噪比地震资料中的多次波.地球物理学报,2004,47(6):1106~1110.
[8]张军华,吕宁,雷凌,等.抛物线拉冬变换消除多次波的应用要素分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4):398~405.
[9]刘伊克,Sun H H,常旭.基于波射线路经偏移压制多次波[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(4):697~701.
[10]牛滨华,沈操,黄新武.波动方程多次波压制技术的进展[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(3):480~485.
[11]陆文凯,骆毅,赵波,等.基于独立分量分析的多次波自适应相减技术[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):886~891.
[12]吴清岭,张平,施泽龙.波动方程正演模型及应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1998,17(3):35~37.
[13]殷文,印兴耀,吴国忱,等.高精度频率域弹性波方程有限差分方法及波场模拟[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):561~568.
[14]廖振鹏,周正华,张艳红.波动数值模拟中透射边界的稳定实现[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(4):533~545.
[15]贾晓峰,胡天跃.滑动最小二乘法求解地震波波动方程[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):920~924.
[16]Kelly K R.Synthetic seismograms:A finite-difference ap-proach[J].Geophysics,1976,41(6):2~27.
[17]董良国,马在田,曹景忠.一阶波动方程交错网格高阶差分解法稳定性研究[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(6):856~864.
[18]孙卫涛,杨慧珠.各向异性介质弹性波传播的三维不规则网格有限差分方法[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(2):332~337.
[19]刘洋,李承楚,牟永光.双相横向各向同性介质分解面上弹性波反射与透射问题研究[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(5):691~698.
[20]田小波,吴庆举,曾融生.弹性波数值模拟的延迟边界方法[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(2):268~273.
[21]Berenger J P.A perfectly matched layer for absorption of e-lectromagnetics waves[J].J.Comput.Phys.,1994,114:185~200.
[22]王守东.声波方程完全匹配层吸收边界[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(1):31~34.
[23]陈小宏.四维地震数据归一化方法及实例处理[J].石油学报,1999,20(5):22~26.
[24]梁锦文.位场小波分析的物理解释[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(6):865~870.
[25]李蓉,胡天跃.时移地震资料处理中的互均化技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4):425~427.
[26]金龙,陈小宏,李景叶.基于误差准则和循环迭代的时移地震匹配滤波方法[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3):698~703.
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