冲击矿压危险预测的电磁辐射原理
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摘要
由于煤岩冲击破裂过程中,裂缝的形成和颗粒的摩擦会产生电磁辐射,因此,可采用电磁辐射技术来预测煤矿的冲击矿压危险.研究表明,电磁辐射基本上随着加载及变形速率的增加而增强;在发生冲击性破坏以前,电磁辐射强度一般在某个值以下,而在冲击破坏时,电磁辐射强度突然增加;煤体应力越大,变形破裂越强烈,电磁辐射信号也越强.煤岩变形破坏的弹塑脆性模型分析表明,煤岩体的损伤速度与电磁辐射脉冲数、声发射事件数成正比,与瞬间释放的能量、变形速度成正比.对具有强冲击危险工作面进行的研究表明,电磁辐射完全可以预测煤矿冲击矿压危险,检验卸压爆破效果,而且准确率高,效果明显.
The Electromagnetic Emission (EME) will be formed because of the formation of cracks and the friction between granules during rock and coal's burst failure. So, EME can be applied to forecast the rock burst in coal mine. Studies show that EME usually becomes stronger with the increase of load and the rate of deformation. EME amplitude is usually below a certain value before the burst failure, while it suddenly increases during the burst failure of the loaded coal specimen. The analysis of elasticity, plasticity, and brittleness model shows that the damage speed of coal and rock is in direct proportion to the EME impulse, the number of acoustic emission (AE), the instant released energy, and the deformation speed. According to the study of the working face with a strong probability of rock burst, the EME can be used to forecast the rock burst and to check the effect of unloading blasting in coal mine.
The Electromagnetic Emission (EME) will be formed because of the formation of cracks and the friction between granules during rock and coal's burst failure. So, EME can be applied to forecast the rock burst in coal mine. Studies show that EME usually becomes stronger with the increase of load and the rate of deformation. EME amplitude is usually below a certain value before the burst failure, while it suddenly increases during the burst failure of the loaded coal specimen. The analysis of elasticity, plasticity, and brittleness model shows that the damage speed of coal and rock is in direct proportion to the EME impulse, the number of acoustic emission (AE), the instant released energy, and the deformation speed. According to the study of the working face with a strong probability of rock burst, the EME can be used to forecast the rock burst and to check the effect of unloading blasting in coal mine.
引文
[1]窦林名,何学秋.冲击矿压防治理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2001.
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[8]钱书清,任克新,吕智.伴随岩石破裂的VLF、MF、HF和VHF电磁辐射特性的实验研究[J].地震学报,1996,18(3):346～351.
[9]郭自强,周大庄,施行觉,等.岩石破裂中的电子发射[J].地球物理学报,1988,31(5):566～571.
[10]郭自强,郭子祺,钱书清,等.岩石破裂中的声电效应[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(1):74～83.
[11]窦林名.煤岩突变的声电效应规律及其应用研究[R].徐州:中国矿业大学,博士后研究报告,2001.
[12]窦林名,曹其伟,何学秋,王恩元.冲击矿压危险的电磁辐射监测技术[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2002,19(4):89～91,98.
[2]窦林名,何学秋.由煤岩变化破坏引起的电磁辐射[J].清华大学学报,2001,41(12):86～88.
[3]何学秋,刘明举.含瓦斯煤岩破坏电磁动力学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1995.
[4]窦林名,何学秋.采矿地球物理学[M].北京:中国科学文化出版社,2002.
[5]DouLinming,XuFangjun,ZhangXiufeng.EMErockburst monitoringinCoalMineHuafeng[A].InternationalScientific-TechnicalSymposiumRockburst2002ResearchandPreven tionSystemsProceedings[C].Ustron,Poland,2002,11,12-15:261～267.
[6]何学秋.含瓦斯煤岩流变动力学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1995.
[7]王恩元,何学秋.煤岩变形破坏电磁辐射的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(1):131～137.
[8]钱书清,任克新,吕智.伴随岩石破裂的VLF、MF、HF和VHF电磁辐射特性的实验研究[J].地震学报,1996,18(3):346～351.
[9]郭自强,周大庄,施行觉,等.岩石破裂中的电子发射[J].地球物理学报,1988,31(5):566～571.
[10]郭自强,郭子祺,钱书清,等.岩石破裂中的声电效应[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(1):74～83.
[11]窦林名.煤岩突变的声电效应规律及其应用研究[R].徐州:中国矿业大学,博士后研究报告,2001.
[12]窦林名,曹其伟,何学秋,王恩元.冲击矿压危险的电磁辐射监测技术[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2002,19(4):89～91,98.
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