复杂山地三维地震勘探采集技术
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摘要
复杂山地三维地震采集中存在着地表及地下条件复杂 ,激发及接收条件差 ,原始资料信噪比低以及静校正问题突出等难题 ,同时地下多为高陡复杂构造 ,资料成像也很困难。针对这些难点 ,在目标技术设计 ,卫星遥感数据的应用 ,激发参数的优化及静校正方法等方面进行了分析和研究 ,提出了结合地震剖面确定空间采样间隔和勘探区域 ;利用卫星遥感数据进行采集技术预设计及激发位置的选择 ;采用多种震源联合激发和引入山地三维静校正模型高速参考面等一些新的观点 ,探索出了一套适合复杂山地三维地震勘探的技术设计 ,观测系统选择 ,激发参数选择及静校正技术等采集方法
Because of the complex surface and subsurface conditions as well as poor shooting and receiving conditions encountered in 3D acquisition in mountainous areas, the data acquired are low in S/N ratio, and difficult in static correction and imaging. After a detailed analysis of problems associated with layout design, optimization of shooting parameters, and static correction, this paper developed a suite of methods that are suitable for data acquisition in complex mountainous areas. The proposed methods include that spatial sample interval and exploration areas are determined according to seismic profiles, layout and shooting locations are chosen by use of satellite remote sensing data, surveys are carried out with a combination of seismic sources, and a high velocity reference datum is used.
Because of the complex surface and subsurface conditions as well as poor shooting and receiving conditions encountered in 3D acquisition in mountainous areas, the data acquired are low in S/N ratio, and difficult in static correction and imaging. After a detailed analysis of problems associated with layout design, optimization of shooting parameters, and static correction, this paper developed a suite of methods that are suitable for data acquisition in complex mountainous areas. The proposed methods include that spatial sample interval and exploration areas are determined according to seismic profiles, layout and shooting locations are chosen by use of satellite remote sensing data, surveys are carried out with a combination of seismic sources, and a high velocity reference datum is used.
引文
1 陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M ].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.446页
2 ClaerboutJF .地震成像理论及方法[M ].许云译.北京:石油工业出版社,1991.256页
3 钱荣钧.复杂地区时深转换和深度偏移中的基准面问题[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(6):690～695
4 BaileyB ,WeyerJ.Imagingthroughabadlyweatherednear surface:AcasehistoryatElkHills[C].SEG’69an nualmeetingexpandedabstracts,Houston,1999,1365～1368
2 ClaerboutJF .地震成像理论及方法[M ].许云译.北京:石油工业出版社,1991.256页
3 钱荣钧.复杂地区时深转换和深度偏移中的基准面问题[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(6):690～695
4 BaileyB ,WeyerJ.Imagingthroughabadlyweatherednear surface:AcasehistoryatElkHills[C].SEG’69an nualmeetingexpandedabstracts,Houston,1999,1365～1368
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