地震子波提取方法研究
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摘要
地震子波的提取是波阻抗反演及正演模型的基础工作，本文首先研究了确定性子波提取方法所存在的问题，即子波长度的确定、截断误差的影响、直流分量的消除及随机噪音的影响；然后对最近发展起来的利用地震记录的高阶累积量估算地震子波的方法进行了理论分析，将上述确定性方法和统计性方法结合起来，发展了一种约束外推地震子波的新方法；最后用实际资料进行了试算。
The extraction of seismic wavelet is the base of wave impedance inversion and forward model. In the paper, the problems existed in deterministic wavelet extraction method are researched at first, e. g.the definition of wavelet length, the effect of truncation error, the elimination of direct current component, and the influence of random noise. Then the recently developed method for estimating seismic wavelet by means of high-order cumulants of seismic record is analyzed theoretically. Combining the above deterministic method with statistical method , a new method for constrainedly extrapolating seismic wavelet is developed. Finally, actual data calculation is performed.
The extraction of seismic wavelet is the base of wave impedance inversion and forward model. In the paper, the problems existed in deterministic wavelet extraction method are researched at first, e. g.the definition of wavelet length, the effect of truncation error, the elimination of direct current component, and the influence of random noise. Then the recently developed method for estimating seismic wavelet by means of high-order cumulants of seismic record is analyzed theoretically. Combining the above deterministic method with statistical method , a new method for constrainedly extrapolating seismic wavelet is developed. Finally, actual data calculation is performed.
引文
[1] A. T. Walden and R. E. White, On error of fit and accuracy in matching synthetic seismograms and seismic traces, Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 32, 871 ~ 891, 1984.
[2] A. V. Oppenheim and R. W. Schafer,Digital signal processing, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1975.
[3] Bunch and R. E. White, Least-squares filters without transient errors: An examination of the errors in least-squares filter design, Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 33, P657, 1985.
[4] Chow, J. A., On estimating the order of an ARMA process with uncertain observations, IEEE Trans. Automatic Contr., Vol. AC-17, PP. 707 ~ 709.
[5] D. A. Cooke and W. A. Schneider,Generalized linear inversion, Geophysics , No. 6, 1983.
[6] Danilo R. Velis and Tadeusz J. Ulrych, Simulated annealing wavelet estimation via fourth-order cumulant matching, Geophysics , Vol. 61, No. 6, 1996.
[7] G. B. Giannakis, Y. Inouye, and J. M. Mendel, Cumulant based identification of multichannel moving-average models, IEEE Trans. on Automat. Contr., Vol. 34, PP. 783~ 787, 1989.
[8] Gregory D. Lazear, Mixed phase wavelet estimation using fourth-order cumulant, Geophysics, Vol.58, No. 7, 1993.
[9] J. K. Tugnait, Recovering the poles from third-order cumulants of system output, IEEE Tras. on Automat. Contr., Vol. 34, PP. 1085 ~ 1089, 1989.
[10] Jerry M. Mendel, Tutorial on higher-order statistics(spectra) in signal processing and system theory: theoretical results and some applications, Proc. IEEE, Vol. 79, PP. 278~ 305, 1991.
[11] Landro M and Sollie R, Source signature determination by inversion, Geophysics , Vol. 57, 1633 -1642, 1992.
[12] Levy, S. and Clowes, R. M.,A generaized linar inverse approach, Geophysical Prospecting , Vol.28, No. 6, 1980.
[13] Lines, L. R. and Ulrych, T. J., The old and new in seismic deconvolution and wavelet estimation, Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 25, P. 512 ~ 540, 1977.
[14] Lines, L. R. and Ulrych, T. J., The comparision between new and old methods of seismic deconvolution and wavelet estimates, Geophysical Prospecting , Vol. 25 (19), 1977.
[15] M. Raghuveer and C. L. Nikias, Bispectrum estimation: A parametric approach, IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, Vol. 33, PP. 1213~ 1230, 1985.
[16] N. S. Neidell,处理后的地震子波是否比我们想象的简单,《石油物探译丛》, No. 5, 1992 年.
[17] Richard, V. and Brac,J.,Wavelet analysis using well log information, SEG 58th Annual meeting 1988.
[18] Tadeusz J. Ulrych, Wavelet estimation revisited, The Leading Edge, No. 11, 1995.
[2] A. V. Oppenheim and R. W. Schafer,Digital signal processing, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1975.
[3] Bunch and R. E. White, Least-squares filters without transient errors: An examination of the errors in least-squares filter design, Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 33, P657, 1985.
[4] Chow, J. A., On estimating the order of an ARMA process with uncertain observations, IEEE Trans. Automatic Contr., Vol. AC-17, PP. 707 ~ 709.
[5] D. A. Cooke and W. A. Schneider,Generalized linear inversion, Geophysics , No. 6, 1983.
[6] Danilo R. Velis and Tadeusz J. Ulrych, Simulated annealing wavelet estimation via fourth-order cumulant matching, Geophysics , Vol. 61, No. 6, 1996.
[7] G. B. Giannakis, Y. Inouye, and J. M. Mendel, Cumulant based identification of multichannel moving-average models, IEEE Trans. on Automat. Contr., Vol. 34, PP. 783~ 787, 1989.
[8] Gregory D. Lazear, Mixed phase wavelet estimation using fourth-order cumulant, Geophysics, Vol.58, No. 7, 1993.
[9] J. K. Tugnait, Recovering the poles from third-order cumulants of system output, IEEE Tras. on Automat. Contr., Vol. 34, PP. 1085 ~ 1089, 1989.
[10] Jerry M. Mendel, Tutorial on higher-order statistics(spectra) in signal processing and system theory: theoretical results and some applications, Proc. IEEE, Vol. 79, PP. 278~ 305, 1991.
[11] Landro M and Sollie R, Source signature determination by inversion, Geophysics , Vol. 57, 1633 -1642, 1992.
[12] Levy, S. and Clowes, R. M.,A generaized linar inverse approach, Geophysical Prospecting , Vol.28, No. 6, 1980.
[13] Lines, L. R. and Ulrych, T. J., The old and new in seismic deconvolution and wavelet estimation, Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 25, P. 512 ~ 540, 1977.
[14] Lines, L. R. and Ulrych, T. J., The comparision between new and old methods of seismic deconvolution and wavelet estimates, Geophysical Prospecting , Vol. 25 (19), 1977.
[15] M. Raghuveer and C. L. Nikias, Bispectrum estimation: A parametric approach, IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, Vol. 33, PP. 1213~ 1230, 1985.
[16] N. S. Neidell,处理后的地震子波是否比我们想象的简单,《石油物探译丛》, No. 5, 1992 年.
[17] Richard, V. and Brac,J.,Wavelet analysis using well log information, SEG 58th Annual meeting 1988.
[18] Tadeusz J. Ulrych, Wavelet estimation revisited, The Leading Edge, No. 11, 1995.
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